No description available.

The Second World War witnessed what was recognised at the time as a poetic revival in France. The phenomenon of Resistance poetry in particular commanded literary attention throughout the war. Immediately afterwards, however, this large corpus of poetry was widely dismissed as an unfortunate aberration. Viewed as ephemeral poetry of circumstance with only a documentary value, as tendentious poésie engagée, as propaganda or as conservative patriotic verse, it was thought unworthy of consideration as poetry. Marked by the reputation it gained just after the war, Resistance poetry has been given short shrift in critical studies, and has only rarely been the focus of academic attention. This study reexpounds in detail and with a wide range of reference the debate concerning Resistance poetry, and draws attention to a number of poets who are not widely known, or who are not known as Resistance poets. It demonstrates through a thematic and formal analysis of a selection of Resistance poetry that it is in fact no different from poetry as implicitly understood by critics who have dismissed it. A description of commitment in Resistance poetry is followed by a thematic study of its three related objects, namely France, man and language. Detailed examinations of these three major concerns in the poetry challenge the received view that Resistance poetry is conservative in its patriotism, dogmatic or essentialist in its commitment, and reactionary in its use of language. This thematic study is complemented by illustrative analyses of individual poems or parts of poems, and by a concluding commentary.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Removed from its artistic origins in the French avant-garde during the interwar period, the European based group known as the situationist international is often represented as being solely occupied with politics to the exclusion of all else, particularly art and aesthetics. In what follows I argue that throughout the sixties the anti-aesthetic position was actually the governing model in France obliging the avant-garde to adjust their strategies accordingly. Artists and artists' collectives that placed politics before aesthetics were the norm, enjoying widespread popularity and recognition from both the public and the French State. These overtly partisan groups and individuals sapped art of the power it had enjoyed in the fifties as a venue removed, or at least distanced from, formal politics. In response, the situationists officially rejected the art world, turning to the popular and vernacular culture of the streets in an attempt to get beyond both classical aesthetic principals and the overt propagandistic objectives of groups such as le Salon de la jeunePeinture. Turning to the climactic moment of 1968 I track the ways in which these debates informed the posters and graffiti which marked the unfinished revolution, sorting out the various aesthetic positions and political persuasions that dominated the events. My thesis contends that the situationists were not anti-aesthetic, that they simply advocated a different kind of aesthetics: one that rejected traditional notions of beauty for the more active and open concept of poiesis or poetry. Beyond words on a page, this notion implied art as a way of life, emphasizing production, creation, formation and action and can be traced back to the groups prewar origins in the Dada and surrealist movements. Moreover, this concept of poetry was not adverse to issues of form being highly dependent on the materiality and physicality of the urban centre, specifically the streets. Finally my conclusion expands upon the similarities between this notion of poetry and the 17th century understanding of beauty, the latter concept being associated with a subtle criticality and strategic wit. It was this interpretation of beauty that defined and produced the art of 1968.

Orientador: Luiz Carlos da Silva Dantas / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T10:21:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simpson_Pablo_D.pdf: 3276436 bytes, checksum: 7ec16bd178106ff7cbf957e7dd06ad95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Yves Bonnefoy é um dos poetas franceses mais importantes da segunda metade do século XX. Sua obra poética, que se inicia em 1946 com Traité du pianiste e Le Coeur-espace, pode ser situada, num primeiro momento, a partir do diálogo com o surrealismo, de que se afastaria em 1947, mas cuja noção de sonho retomaria em suas narrativas publicadas a partir dos anos 1970: L¿Arrière-pays e Rue Traversière. Pode ser situada, além disso, diante do existencialismo de Jean Wahl. Leitor de Plotino, Kierkegaard e Léon Chestov, importante crítico de arte e da obra de Baudelaire, além de tradutor de Shakespeare, Yves Bonnefoy traz, desde os ensaios de L¿Improbable de 1959, uma preocupação com o que chamaria de ¿presença¿, fundamental para a compreensão de seu projeto poético. Ela designaria, muitas vezes, uma oposição ao conceito filosófico e à linguagem. Traria um apelo a uma ¿realidade obscura¿, enigmática. Nesse sentido, a poesia pretenderia uma intuição do absoluto, uma esperança investida de uma vocação ontológica não sem relação com o questionamento heideggeriano. Este estudo pretende investigar as relações entre poesia e tempo. Há nos poemas de Anti-Platon e Du Mouvement et de l¿immobilité de Douve, tanto quanto em L¿Improbable, segundo Patrick Née, a condenação de um inteligível abstrato, em virtude do esquecimento do tempo. A poesia repercutiria uma tensão entre interioridade conceitual e exterioridade. As palavras do poema evocariam um apagamento: rastro, presença ausente. A perda se torna a origem da linguagem poética. Através da leitura dos poemas de Du Mouvement et de l¿immobilité de Douve, Hier régnant désert, Pierre écrite, Dans le leurre du seuil, Ce qui fut sans lumière e Les Planches courbes, e das narrativas L¿Arrière-pays, Rue Traversière e Lê Théâtre des enfants, este estudo buscará compreender a poesia de Yves Bonnefoy a partir das noções de rastro, hesitação e memória. Dividido em cinco capítulos principais, trata-se da tentativa de situar a sua poesia, a um só tempo, como expressão e reflexão de cada um desses lugares. Este estudo traz em anexo a tradução do livro de poemas Les Planches courbes (2001), da narrativa ¿L¿Égypte¿ do livro Rue Traversière (1977) e do ensaio ¿Les tombeaux de Ravenne¿ de L¿Improbable (1959) / Resumé: Cette étude concernant l¿oeuvre poétique d¿Yves Bonnefoy cherche à établir des rapports entre poésie et temps. À travers de lectures critiques interrogeant les poèmes de Du Mouvement et de l¿immobilité de Douve, Hier régnant désert, Pierre écrite, Dans le leurre du seuil, Ce qui fut sans lumière et Les Planches courbes, aussi bien que les récits L¿Arrière-pays, Rue Traversière et Le Théâtre des enfants, une trajectoire se dessine qui tente d¿aborder la pensée poétique d¿Yves Bonnefoy d¿après les notions de ¿trace¿, d¿¿hésitation¿ et de ¿mémoire¿. Le poème repose sur la tension qu¿il manifeste entre une intériorité conceptuelle et une extériorité que le poète appellerait ¿présence¿. Les mots du poème sont ce qui demeure de ce qui a disparu, ils gardent la ¿trace¿ de cette présence absente. Il y a dans les poèmes de l¿Anti-Platon et dans l¿essai ¿Les tombeaux de Ravenne¿, sélon Patrick Née, une reproche d¿un intelligible abstrait au nom de l¿oubli du temps. La perte devient l¿origine du langage poétique. Elle nous rappelle l¿abîme de l¿exil, de la séparation. Néanmoins, la poésie d¿Yves Bonnefoy veut apporter une intuition de l¿absolu, un espoir investi d¿une vocation ontologique non sans rapport avec le questionnement ontologique de Heidegger, de Kierkegaard, de Jean Wahl. Plutôt que d¿en brosser le sens philosophique, tout en veillant à ne pas confondre une approche conceptuelle du temps et sa ¿mise en intrigue¿ (muthos), selon Paul Ricoeur, cinq chapitres repèrent cet itinéraire. Les trois premiers, consacrés à la notion de trace, rejoindrent une affirmation du poète dans L¿Improbable: ¿Le fugace, l¿irrémédiablement emporté, sont le degré poétique de l¿univers¿. Il s¿agit de placer cette catégorie de l¿éphémère sous le signe de la recherche proustienne d¿un ¿équivalent spirituel¿ dans le chapitre ¿Marcel Proust & Yves Bonnefoy: inscription, présence¿. Dans le deuxième chapitre, l¿interpretation c¿est qu¿il y a un pari de la mort, de l¿absence, trace d¿un éloignement des dieux, où s¿affirme l¿importance de la perception dans les mots de leur composante sonore. Sous le signe des idées de ¿symbole¿ et ¿allégorie¿, on essaye d¿interroger les lectures d¿Yves Bonnefoy des oeuvres de Baudelaire et les poèmes ¿Vrai corps¿ et ¿Le lieu de la salamandre¿ du livre Du Mouvement et de l¿immobilité de Douve. Le troisième chapitre mène à la définition de la notion de ¿témoignage¿ en accord avec des idées d¿échange, de partage, selon la perspective du texte offert, de l¿amour d¿après Rimbaud et des images de la pierre et de la voix, celle-ci dans le poème ¿À la voix de Kathleen Ferrier¿ de Hier régnant désert. On situe ce questionnement à partir de la lecture d¿Emmanuel Lévinas et de l¿établissement des rapports entre poésie, temps et éthique. Le quatrième chapitre, ¿L¿Arrière-pays, Rue Traversière & Dans le leurre du seuil: rêve, hésitation et labirynthe¿, évoque l¿ambivalence du temps dans ce qu¿Yves Bonnefoy désigne comme ¿une hésitation profonde qui est en nous, dans l¿existence vécue et quant à la façon de la vivre¿. Le poète est celui qui hésite, à la fois, entre deux degrés d¿intensité ontologique, l¿existence et l¿écriture, l¿éveil et le rêve. L¿inquiétude aux carrefours de L¿Arrière-pays est la représentation même de cette interruption de l¿action, hantise d¿une terre au-delà de l¿horizon, insituable. Il s¿agit d¿une dialectique de la indécision et de la décision, de la ¿morne incuriosité¿ de Perceval chez le Roi Pêcheur et des questions qu¿il lui fallait poser. Autrement dit, l¿écriture engage une tension entre la gnose et l¿ici de la finitude, entre le rêve et le récit. Il fallait, selon le poète, ¿quelque chose comme une foi pour persister dans les mots¿. Finalement, le cinquième chapitre est consacré à la notion de ¿mémoire¿ dans les livres Ce qui fut sans lumière et Les Planches courbes, questionnement qui revient au vers ¿je ne me souviens¿ du livre Le Coeur-espace, publié en 1946. Il y a dans la série de poèmes de ¿La maison natale¿ de Les Planches courbes un rétour à l¿enfance et aux mythes. Les images de l¿enfance, dès la publication de ¿L¿Égypte¿ ou à la fin de L¿Arrière-pays, celle de Moïse sauvé des eaux, les mythes de Cérès, de Marsyas, la quête d¿une origine y témoignent la nécessité d¿établir des rapports entre poésie et mémoire. La poésie ¿garde mémoire¿. Elle est ¿la mémoire qui se maintient en nous, qui parlons, des instants de présence que nous avons vécu¿. Quête de l¿origine, de l¿origine de la poésie, d¿où l¿apparition d¿Ulysse dans le poème ¿Dans le leurre des mots¿. On placerait cette tension sous le double signe du ¿fait humain toujours prêt à recommencer¿ de Léon Chestov, à partir de l¿opposition entre mort et réssurrection, et d¿une ¿mémoire appaisée, voire d¿un oubli heureux¿ de Paul Ricoeur. Cette étude a pour annexe la traduction du livre de poèmes d¿Yves Bonnefoy Les Planches courbes (2001), du récit ¿L¿Égypte¿ du livre Rue Traversière (1977) et de l¿essai ¿Les tombeaux de Ravenne¿ publié dans L¿Improbable (1959) / Doutorado / Literatura Geral e Comparada / Doutor em Teoria e História Literária

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Removed from its artistic origins in the French avant-garde during the interwar period, the European based group known as the situationist international is often represented as being solely occupied with politics to the exclusion of all else, particularly art and aesthetics. In what follows I argue that throughout the sixties the anti-aesthetic position was actually the governing model in France obliging the avant-garde to adjust their strategies accordingly. Artists and artists' collectives that placed politics before aesthetics were the norm, enjoying widespread popularity and recognition from both the public and the French State. These overtly partisan groups and individuals sapped art of the power it had enjoyed in the fifties as a venue removed, or at least distanced from, formal politics. In response, the situationists officially rejected the art world, turning to the popular and vernacular culture of the streets in an attempt to get beyond both classical aesthetic principals and the overt propagandistic objectives of groups such as le Salon de la jeunePeinture. Turning to the climactic moment of 1968 I track the ways in which these debates informed the posters and graffiti which marked the unfinished revolution, sorting out the various aesthetic positions and political persuasions that dominated the events. My thesis contends that the situationists were not anti-aesthetic, that they simply advocated a different kind of aesthetics: one that rejected traditional notions of beauty for the more active and open concept of poiesis or poetry. Beyond words on a page, this notion implied art as a way of life, emphasizing production, creation, formation and action and can be traced back to the groups prewar origins in the Dada and surrealist movements. Moreover, this concept of poetry was not adverse to issues of form being highly dependent on the materiality and physicality of the urban centre, specifically the streets. Finally my conclusion expands upon the similarities between this notion of poetry and the 17th century understanding of beauty, the latter concept being associated with a subtle criticality and strategic wit. It was this interpretation of beauty that defined and produced the art of 1968. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This dissertation offers the first extended study of the work of the Welsh-French poet Heather Dohollau, whose substantial œuvre in French, published since 1974, has recently received international critical recognition. My thesis centres on the idea of traversée, which originates in Dohollau’s experience of exiles, returns and bilingualism. My chapters elucidate five interconnected themes which all relate to that overarching paradigm. Chapter 1 focuses on Dohollau’s trajectories as reflected in poems on the memory of place, concentrating on South Wales and the island. The quest for place is also a quest for the past, which is handled as an after-image capable of upwelling into the present. Chapter 2 investigates the visual-verbal bilingualism towards which Dohollau’s texts on specific artworks (or ekphrastic texts) seem to strive. Dohollau revitalizes the ekphrastic tradition and challenges its conventional connotations of power struggle (W. J. T. Mitchell) in favour of a poetics of hospitality. Chapter 3 is dedicated to Dohollau’s ethos and practice of slowness. It undertakes a close-reading analysis of her syntactic and sound-related rhythms, connecting them with Derrida’s différance. The idea of poetry as a foreign language is discussed in chapter 4: Dohollau’s adoption of French as her main poetic language in the mid-1960s, her handling of motherhood and daughterhood, and her quest for a poetics of mourning and fidelity are examined in their interrelations. The concluding chapter explores the boundaries between language and the unsaid. Dohollau has been uniquely placed to engage with postwar reassessments of language and its limits (Derrida, Heidegger, Blanchot), poised as she is between languages and media. As her poems show, such limits constitute a poetic resource in their own right. Her carefully cultivated liminal stance has given her important insights into the creative process as a passage into words from an unwritten, yet not utterly inchoate other of the poem.