Introdução: O aumento da prevalência de obesidade entre populações cada vez mais jovens tem sido observado em várias partes do mundo e representa uma condição associada à presença de fatores de risco centrais para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. Estudos epidemiológicos em adolescentes têm demonstrado uma relação inversa entre a frequência de refeições e o peso corporal e adiposidade abdominal. Recentemente, esse efeito também tem sido observado em relação às concentrações de lipídios séricos, porém os dados ainda são inconsistentes. Objetivo: analisar a associação da frequência de refeições com o estado nutricional e marcadores cardiometabólicos de adolescentes de escolas públicas do município de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, desenvolvido a partir dos dados da linha de base do Estudo LONCAAFS, com amostra representativa de adolescentes de ambos os sexos, estudantes do sexto ano de escolas públicas do município de João Pessoa, PB, totalizando 1.438 indivíduos. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio do Recordatório de 24h. Medidas antropométricas (peso, altura, circunferência da cintura) foram realizadas para classificação do estado nutricional através do IMC, da razão cintura/estatura e do índice de conicidade. Para avaliar o perfil lipídico, foi realizada coleta de sangue em uma subamostra (n=808) e dosado a concentração sérica de colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade, lipoproteína de baixa densidade e triglicerídeos plasmáticos. Os adolescentes foram estratificados em dois grupos, de acordo com a mediana de consumo energético (2040,5kcal). Para avaliar a associação da frequência de refeições com o estado nutricional e perfil lipídico, foram utilizados modelos de regressão logística. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em p <0,05. Resultados: A porcentagem de excesso de peso na população de estudo foi de 32%. Dentre os adolescentes que realizaram a coleta de sangue, cerca de 77% apresentaram dislipidemia. Na análise estratificada, o maior número de refeições associou-se inversamente com a obesidade abdominal no grupo com consumo energético abaixo da mediana. Nos indivíduos com consumo energético acima da mediana, houve tendência à quanto maior o número de refeições, menor a chance de HDL-c baixo (p=0,03). Não houve associação significativa entre número de refeições e as demais variáveis de risco cardiometabólico. Conclusão: A frequência de refeições mostrou-se significativamente associada à obesidade abdominal em indivíduos com consumo energético abaixo da mediana de ingestão da população e ao HDL-c nos indivíduos com consumo energético acima da mediana. / Introduction: The increasing prevalence of obesity among younger and younger populations has been observed in several parts of the world and is a condition associated with the presence of central risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological studies in adolescents have shown an inverse relationship between meal frequency and body weight and abdominal adiposity. Recently, this effect has also been observed in relation to serum lipid concentrations, but the data are still inconsistent. Objective: to analyze the association of meal frequency with nutritional status and cardiometabolic markers of adolescents from public schools in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study, based on data from the LONCAAFS study, with a representative sample of adolescents of both sexes, sixth-year students from public schools in the city of João Pessoa, PB, totaling 1,438 individuals. Food consumption was assessed through the 24-hour Reminder. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference) were performed to classify the nutritional status through BMI, waist / height ratio and conicity index. To evaluate the lipid profile, blood was collected in a subsample (n = 808) and serum levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and plasma triglycerides were measured. Adolescents were stratified into two groups, according to the median energy consumption (2040.5kcal). To evaluate the association of meal frequency with nutritional status and lipid profile, logistic regression models were used. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. Results: The percentage of overweight in the study population was 32%. Among adolescents who performed blood collection, approximately 77% had dyslipidemia. In the stratified analysis, the highest number of meals was inversely associated with abdominal obesity in the group with energy consumption below the median. In individuals with energy consumption above the median, there was a tendency to the higher the number of meals, the lower the chance of low HDL-c (p = 0.03). There was no significant association between number of meals and the other variables of cardiometabolic risk. Conclusion: Meal frequency was significantly associated with abdominal obesity in subjects with energy consumption below the median ingestion of the population and with HDL-c in subjects with energy consumption above the median.

The project focuses on dietary interventions in type 2 diabetes(T2D). The aim was to investigate how glucose metabolism and other manifestations of insulin resistance should be influenced by a) the composition of macronutrients and b) frequency of meals; and to characterize the possible mechanisms of these dietary interventions in patients with T2D. A. In a randomized crossover study, 50 patients T2D and 50 age-matched healthy subjects underwent in a random order meal tolerance tests with three isocaloric meals (vegan sandwich; V-meal, hamburger; M-meal, or cheese sandwich; S-meal. Blood samples for analysis were taken at time 0 and after 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after meal ingestion. Plasma concentrations of plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, lipids, oxidative stress markers and gastrointestinal hormones (GIHs) were investigated. Both basal and postprandial plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin were significantly higher in patients with T2D (p<0.001); basal and postprandial concentrations of almost all other GIHs (except for ghrelin) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly increased (p<0.001), while ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity were decreased in patients with T2D compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). The meal rich...