Nos últimos anos no Brasil, instituições como o Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva e o Ministério da Saúde, reportaram o aumento de casos de câncer de pele. O câncer de pele é uma das doenças mais comuns a nível mundial e pode estar relacionado à exposição à radiação ultravioleta (UV). O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar a funcionalização de tecidos sarja 100% algodão com nanopartículas (NPs) de óxido de zinco (ZnO), as quais possuem propriedades para aplicação como protetor solar, melhorando desta forma as características de proteção à radiação UV do algodão. As NPs de ZnO foram sintetizadas pelo processo de precipitação, empregando nitrato de zinco hexahidratado (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) e hidróxido de sódio (NaOH). A síntese in situ das NPs de ZnO sobre os tecidos foi realizada por meio do processo de esgotamento, usando o equipamento de tingimento têxtil HT (High Temperature). Para este processo foram utilizadas diferentes concentrações de Zn(NO3)2.6H2O (2, 5, 8 e 10% sobre a massa do tecido) e NaOH (0,7; 1,6; 2,5 e 3,0 g/L), respectivamente. A avaliação do fator de proteção UV (FPU) e os testes de resistência à lavagem dos tecidos foram realizados segundo normas as AATCC 183:2004 e AATCC 61:1996, respectivamente. Foram promovidas também aplicações de resinas têxteis comerciais sobre os tecidos funcionalizados e determinação das propriedades físicas. Além disso, foram realizadas caracterizações de vibração molecular, estruturais e morfológicas das NPs de ZnO e para os tecidos funcionalizados foram efetuadas caracterizações estruturais, morfológicas e térmicas. Os resultados mostraram que tanto as NPs de ZnO como as sintetizadas in situ sobre os tecidos apresentaram estrutura cristalina hexagonal wurtzite. As NPs de ZnO mostraram uma morfologia de estrela com pontas muito protuberantes enquanto que as NPs sintetizadas no tecido apresentaram morfologia similar, mas com pontas pequenas. Para todas as concentrações de nitrato de zinco estudadas, antes e após as 20 lavagens, o FPU dos tecidos funcionalizados com NPs de ZnO tiveram categoria de proteção UV entre boa e excelente / In Brazil, institutions such as the José Alencar Gomes da Silva National Cancer Institute (INCA) and the Brazilian Ministry of Health reported increase and appearance of new types of cancer in recent years. Skin cancer is the most common type of disease worldwide and generally might be related to the exposure of the skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation generated by the sun. The objective of this work was to perform the functionalization of 100% cotton woven fabrics with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), which has interesting properties for applications as solar protector, thus improving the protection characteristics of cotton against UV radiation. ZnO NPs were synthesized by the precipitation process using zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In situ synthesis of ZnO NPs onto the fabric was carried out via exhaust dyeing method, using the textile High Temperature (HT) dyeing machine. For this process, different concentrations of Zn(NO3)2.6H2O (2, 5, 8 and 10% on the weight of fabric) and NaOH (0.7, 1.6, 2.5 and 3.0 g/L) were used. The evaluation of UV protection factor (UPF) and wash durability tests were performed according to AATCC 183:2004 and AATCC 61:1996 standards, respectively. Commercial textile resins applications onto functionalized fabrics and determination of physical properties were also performed. In addition, molecular, structural and morphological characterizations of ZnO NPs were carried out and structural, morphological and thermal analyzes were performed for functionalized fabric. The results showed that both ZnO NPs and those in situ synthesized onto the fabric, exhibited wurtzite hexagonal crystalline structure. The ZnO NPs displayed a star-like morphology with very pronounce tips, while the NPs onto the fabric had a similar morphology but with small tips. For all concentrations of zinc nitrate studied, before and after 20 cycles washing, the UPF of cotton fabrics functionalized with ZnO NPs had an UV-protection category between good to excellent

Nos últimos anos no Brasil, instituições como o Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva e o Ministério da Saúde, reportaram o aumento de casos de câncer de pele. O câncer de pele é uma das doenças mais comuns a nível mundial e pode estar relacionado à exposição à radiação ultravioleta (UV). O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar a funcionalização de tecidos sarja 100% algodão com nanopartículas (NPs) de óxido de zinco (ZnO), as quais possuem propriedades para aplicação como protetor solar, melhorando desta forma as características de proteção à radiação UV do algodão. As NPs de ZnO foram sintetizadas pelo processo de precipitação, empregando nitrato de zinco hexahidratado (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) e hidróxido de sódio (NaOH). A síntese in situ das NPs de ZnO sobre os tecidos foi realizada por meio do processo de esgotamento, usando o equipamento de tingimento têxtil HT (High Temperature). Para este processo foram utilizadas diferentes concentrações de Zn(NO3)2.6H2O (2, 5, 8 e 10% sobre a massa do tecido) e NaOH (0,7; 1,6; 2,5 e 3,0 g/L), respectivamente. A avaliação do fator de proteção UV (FPU) e os testes de resistência à lavagem dos tecidos foram realizados segundo normas as AATCC 183:2004 e AATCC 61:1996, respectivamente. Foram promovidas também aplicações de resinas têxteis comerciais sobre os tecidos funcionalizados e determinação das propriedades físicas. Além disso, foram realizadas caracterizações de vibração molecular, estruturais e morfológicas das NPs de ZnO e para os tecidos funcionalizados foram efetuadas caracterizações estruturais, morfológicas e térmicas. Os resultados mostraram que tanto as NPs de ZnO como as sintetizadas in situ sobre os tecidos apresentaram estrutura cristalina hexagonal wurtzite. As NPs de ZnO mostraram uma morfologia de estrela com pontas muito protuberantes enquanto que as NPs sintetizadas no tecido apresentaram morfologia similar, mas com pontas pequenas. Para todas as concentrações de nitrato de zinco estudadas, antes e após as 20 lavagens, o FPU dos tecidos funcionalizados com NPs de ZnO tiveram categoria de proteção UV entre boa e excelente / In Brazil, institutions such as the José Alencar Gomes da Silva National Cancer Institute (INCA) and the Brazilian Ministry of Health reported increase and appearance of new types of cancer in recent years. Skin cancer is the most common type of disease worldwide and generally might be related to the exposure of the skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation generated by the sun. The objective of this work was to perform the functionalization of 100% cotton woven fabrics with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), which has interesting properties for applications as solar protector, thus improving the protection characteristics of cotton against UV radiation. ZnO NPs were synthesized by the precipitation process using zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In situ synthesis of ZnO NPs onto the fabric was carried out via exhaust dyeing method, using the textile High Temperature (HT) dyeing machine. For this process, different concentrations of Zn(NO3)2.6H2O (2, 5, 8 and 10% on the weight of fabric) and NaOH (0.7, 1.6, 2.5 and 3.0 g/L) were used. The evaluation of UV protection factor (UPF) and wash durability tests were performed according to AATCC 183:2004 and AATCC 61:1996 standards, respectively. Commercial textile resins applications onto functionalized fabrics and determination of physical properties were also performed. In addition, molecular, structural and morphological characterizations of ZnO NPs were carried out and structural, morphological and thermal analyzes were performed for functionalized fabric. The results showed that both ZnO NPs and those in situ synthesized onto the fabric, exhibited wurtzite hexagonal crystalline structure. The ZnO NPs displayed a star-like morphology with very pronounce tips, while the NPs onto the fabric had a similar morphology but with small tips. For all concentrations of zinc nitrate studied, before and after 20 cycles washing, the UPF of cotton fabrics functionalized with ZnO NPs had an UV-protection category between good to excellent

I denna studie undersöks XLANCE® som ett alternativt elastiskt garn emot LYCRA®. Syftet är att jämföra egenskaper och livslängd för att kunna ersätta det etablerade garnet av elastomerer på dagens marknad. Möjligheten till kemisk återvinning och cirkulära resurser har uppvisat vara möjligt med XLANCE®, som är aktuellt för att minimera det textila avfallet av material innehållandes av flera syntetiska fibrer. Genom att konstruera XLANCE® respektive LYCRA® med PES, som huvudmaterial, visar resultateten inga markanta skillnader under ISO-standardiserade tester av elasticitet, draghållfasthet och dimensionsstabilitet både före samt efter 50 tvättar. En ersättning av elastiskt garn kan därför vara möjlig. Slutsatsen bekräftas genom litteraturstudien om att XLANCE® kan separeras ifrån PET genom en filtrering utan att smälta samman, som beskrivs vara utmaningen med spandexfibrer från LYCRA®. XLANCE® höga resistens emot värme och kemikalier möjliggör denna filtrering med glykolsyra och pyrolysoljor som kan användas på nytt. Om framtida forskning kan visa praktiska resultat för separation och kemisk återvinning av XLANCE®, kan detta bli en lösning för att åstadkomma cirkulära modeller efter långvarig användning av elastiska trikåmaterial. / In this study, XLANCE® is investigated as an alternative elastic yarn to LYCRA®. The purpose is to compare properties and longevity to be able to replace the established yarn of elastomers on today’s market. The possibility of chemical recycling and circular resources has been shown to be feasible with XLANCE®, which is relevant to minimizing textile waste of materials containing several synthetic fibers. By constructing XLANCE® and LYCRA® respectively with PES as the main material, the results show no marked differences during ISO standardized tests of elasticity, tensile strength and dimensional stability both before and after 50 washes. A substitution of elastic yarn may therefore be possible. The conclusion confirms through the literature study that XLANCE® can be separated from PET by filtration without fusing, which is described as the challenge with spandex fibers from LYCRA®. XLANCE®’s high resistance to heat and chemicals enables this filtration with glycolic acid, and pyrolysis oils that can be reused. If future research can show practical results for the separation and chemical recycling of XLANCE®, this could become a solution to achieve circular models after long-term use of elastic knitted fabrics.

Mellan åren 2008 och 2021 har antalet benskörhetsfrakturer ökat med 30%, främst på grund av att antalet äldre har ökat. Osteoporos (benskörhet) är när benvävnaden blir mindre tät vilket i sin tur resulterar i att skelettet blir allt svagare. En av de vanligaste samt allvarligaste frakturerna till uppkomst av benskörhet sätter sig i höfter, där det varje år sker mellan 15 000– 16 000 frakturer. Höftskyddsbyxor kan beskrivas som ett par specialdesignade underbyxor med skyddande plattor placerade i byxan bilateralt längs höften för att täcka lårbenet. När ett par höftskyddsbyxor används på ett korrekt sätt kan risken minska med upp till 60% för att få en höftfraktur vid fall. Höftskyddsbyxor finns idag på marknaden men ändå väljer en del att inte bära dem. I litteraturen nämns det att vanliga orsaker till att höftskyddsbyxor inte används är att det finns ett missnöje när det gäller estetik, bekvämlighet och elasticitet. Litteraturen nämner även att för att avdöda mikroorganismer är det viktigt att textilen ska kunna tvättas i höga temperaturer. Studiens syfte är att undersöka möjligheten att producera material avsedda för höftskyddsbyxor utan beredningar som är bekväma, elastiska och bibehåller sin kvalitet efter upprepade tvättar i 60°C. Materialen som valts ut för studien omfattar olika kombinationer av cellulosafibrer, regenererade cellulosafibrer samt syntetiska fibrer. Sex tygprover jämfördes med varandra för att se om de mekaniska egenskaperna som identifierats; elasticitet, mekanisk hållfasthet, visuellt utseende och bekvämlighet efter tvätt, kan potentiellt optimeras. Miljöaspekter kring val av fibrer kommer även att diskuteras. Ett företag har lånat ut skyddsplattor till författarna av studien. Studiens resultat ger stöd för att material bestående av syntetiska fibrer presterade högst i materialundersökningen. Resultatet visade att tygprov två hade det högsta totala värdet av alla sex tygprover. Även om tygprovet hade högst värde i flest mätningar så var värdena inte i den utsträckning som hade förväntats. Resultatet påvisade att även om tygprovet fick högst resultat har det sannolikt inte de optimala egenskaperna för ett par höftskyddsbyxor som studien undersökte. Sammantaget kan resultatet av den här studien verka som en förstudie inför framtida studier inom produktutveckling av höftskyddsbyxor. / Between 2008 and 2021, the number of osteoporosis fractures increased by 30%, mainly due to an increase in the number of elderly people. Osteoporosis is when bone tissue becomes less dense, which results in the bones becoming weaker. One of the most common and serious causes of osteoporosis is fractures of the hips, with between 15 000 and 16 000 fractures occurring each year. Hip protectors can be described as a pair of specially designed underwear with protective plates placed in the trousers bilaterally along the hip to cover the femur. When used correctly, a pair of hip protectors can reduce the risk of sustaining a hip fracture in a fall by up to 60%. Hip protectors are currently available on the market, yet some people choose not to wear them. The literature mentions that common reasons for not using hip protectors are dissatisfaction with aesthetics, comfort and elasticity. The literature also mentions that in order to kill microorganisms, it is important that the textile can be washed at high temperatures. The aim of the study is to investigate the possibility of producing textile materials intended for hip protection trousers without preparations that are comfortable, elastic and maintain their quality after repeated washing at 60°C. The materials selected for the study include different combinations of cellulose fibres, regenerated cellulose fibres and synthetic fibres. Six fabric samples were compared to see if the mechanical properties identified; elasticity, mechanical strength, visual appearance and comfort after washing, can potentially be optimised. Environmental aspects of fibre selection will also be discussed. One company has lent protective plates to the authors of the study. The results of the study support that synthetic fibre materials performed best in the material survey. The results showed that fabric sample two had the highest total value of all six fabric samples. Although the fabric sample had the highest value in the most measurements, the values were not to the extent expected. The results showed that although the fabric sample scored highest, it is unlikely to have the optimum properties for a pair of hip protectors that the study investigated. Overall, the results of this study can serve as a preliminary study for future studies in product development of hip protection trousers.