[pt] O processo de formação presbiteral é constituído por um itinerário que corresponde à vida do ministro sacerdotal desde o seu despertar vocacional até a conclusão de seus dias sobre a terra. Nesse percurso, encontram-se as etapas de formação inicial e permanente que se complementam, por se caracterizar como um processo que, além de unitário, é integral, enquanto inter-relaciona as dimensões humano afetiva, espiritual, pastoral e intelectual, do seminarista ao sacerdócio ministerial, num iter dinâmico, de modo a lhes favorecer o amadurecimento necessário para cumprir sua missão. O Seminário Arquidiocesano de São José do Rio de Janeiro possui um itinerário formativo elaborado a partir da Ratio Institutionis Sacerdotalis: O dom da vocação presbiteral, sobre o qual esta pesquisa se detém como o seu objeto material, elucidando a contribuição das etapas e das dimensões da formação para o desenvolvimento da antropologia da vocação presbiteral. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação perpassa alguns autores patrísticos acerca da teologia e da práxis sacerdotal, os atuais desafios antropológicos para a formação presbiteral e o progressivo desenvolvimento humano e espiritual dos formandos ao longo do iter formativo. Distribuída em cinco partes, a pesquisa tem início, identificando a teologia do ministério presbiteral e seus traços antropológicos no testemunho patrístico da Didaqué, Clemente de Roma, Inácio de Antioquia, Policarpo de Esmirna, Papias de Hierápolis, Hermas, Barnabé e Justino de Roma, prosseguindo por meio dos aspectos unitários e integrais do processo de formação, em que são desenvolvidos os temas das dimensões da formação e das etapas formativas da pastoral vocacional, do seminário menor, do propedêutico, do discipulado, da configuração e da síntese. Os aspectos teológicos e antropológicos do processo formativo encerram a pesquisa, ressaltando os desafios para o desenvolvimento do formando e as propostas para a sua maturação humana e vocacional. / [en] The process of priestly formation is constituted by an itinerary that corresponds to a priest s life from his vocation awakening to the end of his days on Earth. In this path, there are the stages of initial and permanent formation that complement each other. This can be characterized as a process that besides being unitary is also wholesome insofar as it interrelates the affective, spiritual, pastoral, and intellectual human dimensions in a seminarian life up to the priesthood within a dynamic iter whose aim is to encourage him towards the necessary maturity to accomplish his mission. The Archdiocesan Seminary of Saint Joseph in Rio de Janeiro has a formative pathway based upon the Ratio Institutionis Sacerdotalis: The gift of the priestly vocation, in which this research focuses as its material object, elucidating the contribution of the stages and dimensions of formation towards the development of an anthropology of the priestly vocation. In this context, this present work runs through some patristic authors’ theologies and their related priestly praxis, the current anthropological challenges for priestly formation, as well as seminarians’ onward human and spiritual development throughout their formation iter. Divided in five parts, this research’s starting point describes priesthood theologies, and anthropological traits in the patristic testimony of Didache, Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp of Smyrna, Papias of Hierapolis, The Shepherd of Hermas, Barnabas, and Justin of Rome, undertaking the unitary and integral aspects of the formation process in which dimension elements of formation, vocation ministries formative stages, minor seminary, propaedeutic, discipleship, configuration and synthesis are developed. Theological and anthropological aspects of the formative process conclude this research as it highlights challenges regarding the development of the person being formed and proposals whose aims are human and vocation maturation.

This thesis sets out to provide what is perceived as the nature of Islam and background that inform the interpretation of the two novels ofMariama Ba as well as that of selected works by fellow Muslim writer, N awal El-Saadawi. Although the question of gender is carefully addressed, the principal viewpoint is Islamic theocratic rather than purely feminist. This study surveys the struggle of these two women writers to claim public space in a dominant patriarchal society. It examines the socio-political conditions affecting women in the Arab peninsula before the rise of Islam, also called Jahiliyyah, from Islam's inception (622 AD). It notes that the principle of equality of all the believers was established by the injunction in the Qur'an, and endorsed by Muhammad, the Prophet, after whose death, manipulation of the sacred texts, especially of the Hadiths, took place. This led to opposition to gender equality; while fitna (civil war) in Medina, led the Prophet to re-institute the hijablveil, in order to protect women from being sexually harassed. The significance of the hijab is then explored, and Fatima Mernissi's text Women and Islam (1987; 1992) is used as seminal to the argument that the hijab was not instituted to put a barrier between men and women. The question of how the Islamic tradition succeeded in transforming the Muslim woman into a submissive, marginal creature, one who once buried herself behind a veil, is considered in the light of feminist theory and practice in both the Third and Arab worlds as well as in terms of the postcolonial notion of 'writing back'. The works of Ba and El-Saadawi, chosen for discussion in this thesis, examine these common issues, and underscore the entitlement of women to equality. The proposition, that Muslim women talk/write back, is epitomized in Ramatoulaye's forceful wordsuttered after thirty years of silence and harassment: 'This time I shall speak out' (So Long a Letter, 1980; 1989: 58). This study also shows that both Ba and El-Saadawi (by employing the journalisme-verite approach) move beyond gender and cultural issues to explore the universal nature of man and woman, and that in accordance with Muslim theocracy, these writers ultimately advocate the notion of redemption through humanity, coincidentally expressed in the Wolofproverb: 'Man, man is his own remedy!' (Scarlet Song, 1981; 1994: 165). Furthermore, within the context of these concerns, a few speculative remarks on the likely future ofMuslim women in the Arab and African world are made, arguing that had Ba's life not been cut short so tragically, it is reasonable to suppose that she would, like ElSaadawi, have continued to advocate a holistic, healthy Muslim society, in which the humane treatment of women would prevail. Finally, in terms of the title Beyond the veil: Muslim women write back, an attempt has been made to show how both Ba and El-Saadawi strive by 'writing back' to move 'beyond' the veil, speaking out on behalf of fellow Muslim women in Africa. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 1999. / gm2014 / English / unrestricted

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