A presente proposta teve como objetivo avaliar aspectos anatômicos e físico-químicos em frutos de macieiras (Malus domestica Borkh.), Gala e Galaxy, cultivadas em três diferentes altitudes, buscando correlacioná-las ao distúrbio fisiológico, conhecido por lenticelose (lenticel breakdown), caracterizado pelo escurecimento das lenticelas e ocorrência de depressões de coloração parda ao redor destas estruturas. Os frutos maduros foram colhidos na safra 2008-09, em pomares comerciais localizados em cada uma das três áreas produtoras: Vacaria (RS), Fraiburgo (SC) e São Joaquim (SC), localizadas a 971, 1.048 e 1.353 m de altitude, respectivamente. As avaliações foram realizadas nos frutos maduros recém-colhidos e durante o armazenamento, quando os frutos foram submetidos a duas condições distintas: refrigeração (0ºC e 90% UR) e atmosfera controlada (1,5% O2; 2,5% CO2; 0ºC e 90% UR). Os frutos foram avaliados anatomicamente na colheita e durante o armazenamento quando detectado algum distúrbio fisiológico relacionado às lenticelas. A superfície dos frutos maduros de macieiras Gala e Galaxy, recém-coletados nas três localidades e ao final do armazenamento nas condições estudadas, foram analisadas ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura a fim de comparar a deposição das ceras epicuticulares. Adicionalmente os frutos foram avaliados em intervalos de 30 dias, durante os armazenamentos quanto ao teste de tingimento de lenticelas (número) e aos seguintes atributos de qualidade: cor, firmeza, índice de maturação, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e, ou outros distúrbios fisiológicos. Também foi analisada a estrutura anatômica dos frutos de macieiras Gala e Galaxy, coletados em Vacaria (RS), em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento a fim de caracterizar a formação dos diferentes tipos de lenticelas. Não houve diferenças no padrão de formação das lenticelas entre Gala e Galaxy e entre os locais de produção. Nos frutos com o sintoma da lenticelose havia uma depressão na superfície resultante da obliteração de células da epiderme e camadas subepidérmicas, sendo que no parênquima subjacente à depressão havia amplos espaços formados pela lise das células. Nem sempre a área sintomática estava associada à presença da lenticela. Os resultados mostraram que a altitude não interferiu na espessura cuticular nem no padrão de deposição de ceras epicuticulares nos frutos de macieiras Gala e Galaxy. Nos frutos recém-colhidos de Gala e Galaxy foi observada a deposição de ceras na forma de plaquetas paralelas e o mecanismo de rompimento e reparo. Após quatro meses de armazenamento, houve alteração no formato das ceras epicuticulares de plaquetas para aglomerados esféricos ou amorfos nos frutos da Gala e Galaxy provenientes de todas as localidades. As alterações foram mais evidentes na condição de armazenamento em atmosfera controlada. Não houve diferenças significativas entre as duas condições de armazenamento e a manifestação dos sintomas nas macieiras Gala e Galaxy procedentes das três regiões produtoras em relação aos parâmetros físico-químicos analisados. A maior incidência ocorreu em frutos Gala provenientes de São Joaquim (SC) ao final do período de armazenamento. / The aim of this study was to describe anatomical and physico-chemical characteristics of apple fruits (Malus domestica Borkh.) \' Gala \' and \' Galaxy \' grown in three different altitudes, seeking to correlate them to the physiological disorder known as lenticelose (lenticel breakdown), characterized by the darkening of lenticels and the occurrence of brownish depressions around them. Mature fruits were harvested in 2008-09, from commercial orchards located in each of three producing areas: Vacaria (RS), Fraiburgo (SC) and São Joaquim (SC), located at 971, 3.088 and 1.353 m altitude, respectively. The evaluations were realized in the mature, freshly harvested fruits and during the storage, when the fruits were subjected to two distinct conditions: refrigeration (0ºC and 90% HU) and controlled atmosphere (1.5% O2; CO2; 2.5%, 0ºC and 90% HU). The fruits were evaluated anatomically at the harvest moment and during storage, when any physiological disorder related to lenticels was detected. The surface of the mature fruit of apple \'Gala \' and \'Galaxy \' freshly harvested from the three localities and at the end of the storage period in the studied conditions were examined under scanning electron microscope to compare the deposition of epicuticular waxes. Additionally, the fruits were evaluated at every 30 days, during storage, in relation to lenticels dyeing test (number) and to the following qualitative attributes: color, firmness, index of ripening, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and physiological disorders. In order to characterize the formation of different types of lenticels, the anatomical structure of fruits, collected in Vacaria (RS), it was also analyzed in different stages of development. There were no differences in the pattern of formation of lenticels between \'Gala\' and \'Galaxy\' and the producing areas. Fruits with \'lenticel breakdown\' symptoms had a surface depression as a result of the obliteration of the epidermal and sub epidermal cells, and the underlying parenchyma exhibited large spaces formed by cell lyses. The symptomatic area was not always associated to the presence of lenticels. The results showed that the altitude did not affect the cuticular thickness or the pattern of deposition of epicuticular waxes in apple fruits of \'Gala\' and \'Galaxy\'. In freshly harvested fruits it was observed the deposition of wax platelets and the mechanism named Tear and Repair or Rip and Stitch\". After four months of storage, we observed changes in the shape of the waxes from platelets to spherical or amorphous clusters in fruits of \'Gala\' and Galaxy from all producing areas. The changes were most evident in controlled atmosphere storage condition. There were no significant differences between the two storage conditions and the onset of symptoms in fruits from the three producing areas in relation to the physico-chemical parameters. The highest incidence of symptoms occurred in fruit \'Gala\' from São Joaquim (SC) at the end of the storage period.

A presente proposta teve como objetivo avaliar aspectos anatômicos e físico-químicos em frutos de macieiras (Malus domestica Borkh.), Gala e Galaxy, cultivadas em três diferentes altitudes, buscando correlacioná-las ao distúrbio fisiológico, conhecido por lenticelose (lenticel breakdown), caracterizado pelo escurecimento das lenticelas e ocorrência de depressões de coloração parda ao redor destas estruturas. Os frutos maduros foram colhidos na safra 2008-09, em pomares comerciais localizados em cada uma das três áreas produtoras: Vacaria (RS), Fraiburgo (SC) e São Joaquim (SC), localizadas a 971, 1.048 e 1.353 m de altitude, respectivamente. As avaliações foram realizadas nos frutos maduros recém-colhidos e durante o armazenamento, quando os frutos foram submetidos a duas condições distintas: refrigeração (0ºC e 90% UR) e atmosfera controlada (1,5% O2; 2,5% CO2; 0ºC e 90% UR). Os frutos foram avaliados anatomicamente na colheita e durante o armazenamento quando detectado algum distúrbio fisiológico relacionado às lenticelas. A superfície dos frutos maduros de macieiras Gala e Galaxy, recém-coletados nas três localidades e ao final do armazenamento nas condições estudadas, foram analisadas ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura a fim de comparar a deposição das ceras epicuticulares. Adicionalmente os frutos foram avaliados em intervalos de 30 dias, durante os armazenamentos quanto ao teste de tingimento de lenticelas (número) e aos seguintes atributos de qualidade: cor, firmeza, índice de maturação, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e, ou outros distúrbios fisiológicos. Também foi analisada a estrutura anatômica dos frutos de macieiras Gala e Galaxy, coletados em Vacaria (RS), em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento a fim de caracterizar a formação dos diferentes tipos de lenticelas. Não houve diferenças no padrão de formação das lenticelas entre Gala e Galaxy e entre os locais de produção. Nos frutos com o sintoma da lenticelose havia uma depressão na superfície resultante da obliteração de células da epiderme e camadas subepidérmicas, sendo que no parênquima subjacente à depressão havia amplos espaços formados pela lise das células. Nem sempre a área sintomática estava associada à presença da lenticela. Os resultados mostraram que a altitude não interferiu na espessura cuticular nem no padrão de deposição de ceras epicuticulares nos frutos de macieiras Gala e Galaxy. Nos frutos recém-colhidos de Gala e Galaxy foi observada a deposição de ceras na forma de plaquetas paralelas e o mecanismo de rompimento e reparo. Após quatro meses de armazenamento, houve alteração no formato das ceras epicuticulares de plaquetas para aglomerados esféricos ou amorfos nos frutos da Gala e Galaxy provenientes de todas as localidades. As alterações foram mais evidentes na condição de armazenamento em atmosfera controlada. Não houve diferenças significativas entre as duas condições de armazenamento e a manifestação dos sintomas nas macieiras Gala e Galaxy procedentes das três regiões produtoras em relação aos parâmetros físico-químicos analisados. A maior incidência ocorreu em frutos Gala provenientes de São Joaquim (SC) ao final do período de armazenamento. / The aim of this study was to describe anatomical and physico-chemical characteristics of apple fruits (Malus domestica Borkh.) \' Gala \' and \' Galaxy \' grown in three different altitudes, seeking to correlate them to the physiological disorder known as lenticelose (lenticel breakdown), characterized by the darkening of lenticels and the occurrence of brownish depressions around them. Mature fruits were harvested in 2008-09, from commercial orchards located in each of three producing areas: Vacaria (RS), Fraiburgo (SC) and São Joaquim (SC), located at 971, 3.088 and 1.353 m altitude, respectively. The evaluations were realized in the mature, freshly harvested fruits and during the storage, when the fruits were subjected to two distinct conditions: refrigeration (0ºC and 90% HU) and controlled atmosphere (1.5% O2; CO2; 2.5%, 0ºC and 90% HU). The fruits were evaluated anatomically at the harvest moment and during storage, when any physiological disorder related to lenticels was detected. The surface of the mature fruit of apple \'Gala \' and \'Galaxy \' freshly harvested from the three localities and at the end of the storage period in the studied conditions were examined under scanning electron microscope to compare the deposition of epicuticular waxes. Additionally, the fruits were evaluated at every 30 days, during storage, in relation to lenticels dyeing test (number) and to the following qualitative attributes: color, firmness, index of ripening, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and physiological disorders. In order to characterize the formation of different types of lenticels, the anatomical structure of fruits, collected in Vacaria (RS), it was also analyzed in different stages of development. There were no differences in the pattern of formation of lenticels between \'Gala\' and \'Galaxy\' and the producing areas. Fruits with \'lenticel breakdown\' symptoms had a surface depression as a result of the obliteration of the epidermal and sub epidermal cells, and the underlying parenchyma exhibited large spaces formed by cell lyses. The symptomatic area was not always associated to the presence of lenticels. The results showed that the altitude did not affect the cuticular thickness or the pattern of deposition of epicuticular waxes in apple fruits of \'Gala\' and \'Galaxy\'. In freshly harvested fruits it was observed the deposition of wax platelets and the mechanism named Tear and Repair or Rip and Stitch\". After four months of storage, we observed changes in the shape of the waxes from platelets to spherical or amorphous clusters in fruits of \'Gala\' and Galaxy from all producing areas. The changes were most evident in controlled atmosphere storage condition. There were no significant differences between the two storage conditions and the onset of symptoms in fruits from the three producing areas in relation to the physico-chemical parameters. The highest incidence of symptoms occurred in fruit \'Gala\' from São Joaquim (SC) at the end of the storage period.

Die aktuelle Ausgabe des Newsletter für Freunde, Absolventen und Ehemalige der Technischen Universität Chemnitz.

For millennia, scions have been grafted onto dwarfing apple rootstocks to reduce final tree size. However, it is unclear how scion architecture is first modified by the dwarfing apple rootstock, the time from grafting when this occurs and the endogenous hormonal signalling mechanisms that may cause the initial modifications in growth that then define the future architecture of the scion. In this study, the dwarfing (M.9) rootstock significantly decreased the mean total shoot length and node number of ‘Royal Gala’ apple scions by the end of the first year of growth from grafting when compared with rootstock(s) of greater vigour (MM.106, M.793 and a ‘Royal Gala’ rootstock control). Similarly, the auxin transport inhibitor 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) applied to the stem of vigorous rootstocks significantly decreased mean total shoot length and node number of the scion, and the architectural changes imposed were generally similar to those imposed by M.9. For example, both treatments decreased the mean length and node number of the primary shoot, reduced the formation of secondary axes on the primary shoot and caused a greater proportion of primary and secondary shoots (if present) to terminate growth early. Decreased formation of secondary axes imposed by both treatments was reversed by applying the cytokinin benzylaminopurine (BAP) repeatedly to the scion, whilst applications of gibberellins (GA4+7) reduced the proportion of primary and secondary shoots that terminated growth early, therefore increasing the final mean length and node number of these shoot types. Both M.9 and NPA also significantly decreased the final mean dry mass and length of the root system. Given these general similarities, it is proposed that the basipetal IAA signal is of central importance in rootstock-induced scion dwarfing, and that a shoot/root/shoot signalling mechanism may exist whereby the stem tissue of the M.9 rootstock decreases the basipetal transport of IAA to the root during summer, thereby decreasing root growth and the amount of rootproduced cytokinin and gibberellin transported to scion. Reduced amounts of cytokinin transported to the scion may decrease branching, whilst reduced amounts of gibberellins may decrease the duration for which a large proportion of primary and secondary shoots grow. Analysis of endogenous hormones for newly grafted composite ‘Royal Gala’ apple trees on rootstocks of different vigour provided some additional support for these ideas. It is recommended that future studies elucidate what unique properties of the M.9 bark act to restrict IAA transport, whilst it is concluded that gene(s) regulating rootstock-induced scion dwarfing are likely to control processes within the rootstock that modify the metabolism of IAA, its basipetal transport and the subsequent synthesis of root-produced vigour-inducing hormones including cytokinins and gibberellins.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisors: Lily Litvak and Virginia Higginbotham. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available from UMI.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-04T12:23:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 clararochafreesz.pdf: 12720467 bytes, checksum: cc4e5e3ab2d5321e3d2559d81b90f2a0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-07T15:31:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 clararochafreesz.pdf: 12720467 bytes, checksum: cc4e5e3ab2d5321e3d2559d81b90f2a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T15:31:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 clararochafreesz.pdf: 12720467 bytes, checksum: cc4e5e3ab2d5321e3d2559d81b90f2a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-27 / A presente dissertação tem como objeto de pesquisa três indumentárias que pertenceram a D. Pedro II e que por ele foram utilizadas em eventos oficiais: o fardão da maioridade (1840), a veste de coroação (1841) e o fardão de casamento (1843), que fazem parte do acervo do Museu Mariano Procópio. A pesquisa tem como objetivo percorrer a trajetória cultural das peças enfocada em três diferentes fases, desde que foram criadas no século XIX aos dias atuais, e para isso, foram consultadas diversificadas fontes em arquivos públicos, como documentos textuais (cartas, relatórios de museus e códices da mordomia-mor), artigos de jornais, coleções de fotografias, iconografias e os próprios objetos. Inicialmente, através de questões relacionadas à memória monárquica e suas apropriações na década de 1920, será analisado o momento no qual passam de herança do mordomo imperial Paulo Barbosa da Silva a mercadorias de antiquário, em 1926. Neste período, as roupas foram valorizadas como importantes relíquias históricas nacionais que deveriam ser preservadas. No segundo capítulo são analisadas como acervo museal e através da expografia, dos processos de restauração e dos registros museológicos dos trajes, buscou-se investigar suas destinações, concluindo-se que foram explorados principalmente como ―objetos-relíquia‖, e não como documentos, meios de conhecimento histórico. Por último, as características materiais e os estilos são examinados, através dos quais se pôde conhecer a procedência e os processos de manufatura, que se deram no Rio de Janeiro, possivelmente a partir de projetos de artistas da Corte. Com o trabalho, espera-se compreender os meios sociais que produziram, reproduziram e ressignificaram as roupas de D. Pedro II que vêm sendo preservadas há mais de 170 anos. / The dissertation is based on the research of three personal clothing that belonged to D. Pedro II and were used by him on special events: The Major military uniform (1840), the garment of coronation (1841) and the military uniform used on his wedding (1843). All three costumes are part of the Mariano Procopio Museum collection. The research was based on different sources from public files, text documents (letters, museums reports and codices of stewardship), and photography, iconography and journal articles and it aims to scroll through cultural history, focusing on three different stages from their creation to the present day. Initially we analyzed the period in the clothes pass the imperial butler Paulo Barbosa da Silva to antiquarian goods in the 1920‘s, through issues connection to monarchical memory and its appropriations at the time. The objects in this period (1920‘s) were valued as national historical relics that should be preserved. The second chapter is based on research of the garments as a museum collection, through expographic, restoration processes and museum documents of the costumes, with deep analyzes to investigate their destination in order to conclude that costumes had been explored only as ―relic-objects‖ and not as documents meant for historical knowledge. The final chapter concludes the research of characteristics and style of each material, leading to the origin and manufacturing processes that have taken place in Rio de Janeiro, possibly from the court artist‘s project. The work is expected to help understand the social environment where was produced, reproduced and conveyed the clothes of D. Pedro II creating awareness to pieces that have been preserved for more than 170 years.

Die aktuelle Ausgabe des Newsletter für Freunde, Absolventen und Ehemalige der Technischen Universität Chemnitz.

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Dans le prolongement du travail effectué par le centre d'études et de recherches sociocritiques sur le volume intitulé Chronotopes : les espaces du temps, nous examinons les descriptions spatiotemporelles dans onze romans historiques espagnols de la fin du XXe siècle et du début du XXIe siècle. L'analyse est effectuée à partir de deux axes : la description des espaces communs aux différents romans du corpus et leur temporalisation manifeste à travers les différentes déclinaisons du temps historique et du temps cyclique. Il s'agit de démontrer si ces descriptions ont une fonction de référentialité nous ramenant à l'Histoire ou si, au contraire, elles renvoient à la construction narrative. Ce travail permet de déceler des chronotopes référentiels, nous ramenant à l'Histoire, et des chronotopes internes à caractère essentiellement structurant. Le questionnement est aussi de déterminer si les chronotopes restent ordonnés par une conscience du temps contemporaine aux auteurs où si l'orientation historique de l'écriture met en place ceux du passé. La conscience du temps est susceptible de présenter une évolution entre les représentations chronotopiques des œuvres publiées à la fin du millénaire et celles du début du XXIe siècle. Dans cette perspective, nous sommes amenés à considérer les événements politiques et sociaux du tournant du siècle en Espagne et à les mettre en relation avec l'expression du temps dans les chronotopes qui structurent les romans. Afin de mieux apprécier la portée des chronotopes, c'est le principe de la diversité qui a guidé le choix du corpus. / In the continuation of work carried out by the “Centre d'études et de recherches sociocritiques” (Center for Sociocritical Studies and Research) on the volume entitled chronotopes: the spaces of time, we examine the spatiotemporal descriptions in Spanish of eleven historical novels in the late twentieth century and early twenty-first century. The analysis is performed along two axes: the description of common spaces for the various novels of the corpus and their temporality, manifested through the different versions of historical time and cyclical time. The issue we want to tackle is whether these descriptions create a referentiality bringing us back to history or whether, instead, they refer to the narrative construction. This work detects referential chronotopes leading us back to history and chronotopes that are essentially oriented to internal structuring. The question is whether the chronotopes are ordered by an awareness of authors' contemporaneity or if the orientation of historical writing sets up those of the past. Awareness of time is likely to present an evolution between the chronotopical representations of works published at the end of the millennium and the early twenty-first century. In this perspective, we are led to consider the political and social events at the turn of the century in Spain and to connect them with the expression of time contained in the chronotopes that shape the novels. The choice of our corpus was guided by the principle of diversity to better assess the scope of chronotope. The criteria for its formation have taken into consideration the ages of the authors, the success of the works and the historical periods treated.

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