Lentils are an inexpensive source of protein, vitamins and minerals. Lentil seeds contain carotenoids that have antioxidant properties and play an important nutritional role as precursors of vitamin A. Improving concentration of carotenoids in lentils has potential as component of a bio-fortification program. The understanding of the genetic control of carotenoids in lentil will help breeders develop strategies for developing varieties with higher carotenoid concentration. The objectives of this research program were to evaluate the concentration of carotenoids in mature lentil seeds and to identify genomic regions that possibly influence carotenoid concentration. The experimental program involved: i) analyzing the carotenoid concentration in seeds produced from the specific crosses among lentil genotypes with three cotyledon colours using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) ii) analyzing an association mapping panel to develop potential single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for genes associated with carotenoid concentration For the first objective, dihybrid crosses were made between lentil cultivars with red, yellow and green cotyledons. Hybridized lentil populations were grown in the greenhouse and phytotron chamber up to the F3 generation and then seeds were analyzed for carotenoid concentration. As expected, the expression of red cotyledon colour was dominant over yellow, and these two cotyledon colours were inhibited by an epistatic interaction with green cotyledon colour. Lentil seeds with green cotyledon colour had higher carotenoid concentration than red cotyledon types which in turn had higher carotenoid concentration compared to yellow cotyledon lentils. Identifying molecular markers associated with carotenoids can be part of a crop improvement strategy for both marker-assisted selection and marker-assisted breeding (MAS; MAB). Association mapping using broad genetic materials might result in high resolution. For this purpose an association mapping panel of 143 lentil genotypes was grown at two different locations near Saskatoon, Canada, in 2011 and 2012. Concentration of three carotenoids in lentil seed samples was measured using reverse phase HPLC. Of the 143 genotypes, 60 accessions were common for both years and locations. Concentrations of lutein, zeaxanthin and violaxanthin in seed samples were determined. Genotyping was accomplished using 1536 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers of an Illumina Golden-Gate assay. It was determined that 168 of the SNP markers were significantly associated with carotenoid concentration components using the GLM (generalized linear model) model. These putative SNPs could be used for MAS and MAB to improve selection for carotenoids in lentil to increase the nutritional value of lentil.

Lentils are an inexpensive source of protein, vitamins and minerals. Lentil seeds contain carotenoids that have antioxidant properties and play an important nutritional role as precursors of vitamin A. Improving concentration of carotenoids in lentils has potential as component of a bio-fortification program. The understanding of the genetic control of carotenoids in lentil will help breeders develop strategies for developing varieties with higher carotenoid concentration. The objectives of this research program were to evaluate the concentration of carotenoids in mature lentil seeds and to identify genomic regions that possibly influence carotenoid concentration. The experimental program involved: i) analyzing the carotenoid concentration in seeds produced from the specific crosses among lentil genotypes with three cotyledon colours using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) ii) analyzing an association mapping panel to develop potential single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for genes associated with carotenoid concentration For the first objective, dihybrid crosses were made between lentil cultivars with red, yellow and green cotyledons. Hybridized lentil populations were grown in the greenhouse and phytotron chamber up to the F3 generation and then seeds were analyzed for carotenoid concentration. As expected, the expression of red cotyledon colour was dominant over yellow, and these two cotyledon colours were inhibited by an epistatic interaction with green cotyledon colour. Lentil seeds with green cotyledon colour had higher carotenoid concentration than red cotyledon types which in turn had higher carotenoid concentration compared to yellow cotyledon lentils. Identifying molecular markers associated with carotenoids can be part of a crop improvement strategy for both marker-assisted selection and marker-assisted breeding (MAS; MAB). Association mapping using broad genetic materials might result in high resolution. For this purpose an association mapping panel of 143 lentil genotypes was grown at two different locations near Saskatoon, Canada, in 2011 and 2012. Concentration of three carotenoids in lentil seed samples was measured using reverse phase HPLC. Of the 143 genotypes, 60 accessions were common for both years and locations. Concentrations of lutein, zeaxanthin and violaxanthin in seed samples were determined. Genotyping was accomplished using 1536 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers of an Illumina Golden-Gate assay. It was determined that 168 of the SNP markers were significantly associated with carotenoid concentration components using the GLM (generalized linear model) model. These putative SNPs could be used for MAS and MAB to improve selection for carotenoids in lentil to increase the nutritional value of lentil.

Taiwan is a country with opened marketing activities. However, limited capacity market, lack of natural and manufacturing resources made industries always kept step to expand global market and internationalize. Faced the domestic business environment is turning more unfavorable, as well as market competitions from foreign competitors and mainland china with low cost manufacturing resources are becoming more competitive. For the development of competitive strategy, domestic industries tried to held foreign factory, use different form of manufacturing and supply, even the traditional metal marital industries can¡¦t despite. How to manage global manufacturing bases, raise efficiency and build a suitable conductivities of an industry, is all based on the issues of setting up a center of ¡§Global logistics management¡¨(GLM) . To maintain the competitive of domestic industries and improve the ability of GLM, the government held ¡¨ The GLM Program ¡¨ by year 2000. The general propose is to construct TAIWAN with GLM environment. This empirical research conducted an exploratory research and focused on these issues: 1.To explore the GLM key factors of metal industries. 2. The strategies of metal industries. 3. Making suggestion of management for further reference to related manufacturing industries. This research detail will be list and discuss forward.

We analyze the spike trains of multiple simultaneously recorded grid cells obtained in di erent conditions, to help determine the role of recurrent network feedback in generating grid responses. An important class of models of grid cell activity is based on low dimensional continuous attractor dynamics arising from recurrent connections within the grid system. A necessary prediction of these models is that the strong recurrent connections force the grid responses of di erent cells to maintain fi xed relative spatial phases over long periods of time, even if the response patterns of each neuron change. The observation that grid cells maintain their relative spatial phase relationships across di erent familiar environments supports the presence of recurrent connections, but does not rule out the possibility that these relationships persist due to feed-forward input. We analyze the stability of pairwise neural correlations for experiments in which the spatial responses of single neurons change over time. The first such experiment involves resizing of a familiar enclosure, with the result that spatial grid responses rescale along the resized dimension. We show that the relative spatial phase of ring between pairs of cells remains stable over time even as the absolute spatial phase of ring in these same cells changes greatly through rescaling. This result is again consistent with recurrent connectivity, but it remains possible that common external sensory cues (e.g. border information arriving from boundary cells) somehow register the rescaled grids of all cells to display the same relative phases as before rescaling. In an attempt to address this, we analyze responses from animals first exposure to novel environments. Grid ring becomes more noisy and the spatial ring pattern expands, then relaxes back to the periodicity seen in familiar enclosures. During the relaxation, external sensory cues are static and thus likely not responsible for the changing grid responses. We show that the constant phase relationships seen across familiar environments are present from first exposure as well. Finally, we illustrate a generative model to predict grid cell spikes. The aim is to obtain the key determinants of grid cell ring, including animal location, velocity modulation, neural adaptation, and recurrent feedback in a Bayesian framework, and thus assess network contributions to grid cell activity. / text

Properly choosen input data, their form, way of the collection an the following correction as well, are the key factors affecting the accuracy of the more and more popular models of the species model distribution (SDM). A design unfluence of the data to the choosen distribution model of the virtual species has been tested. The General Linear Model (GLM) has been used. Four types of the present-absent collection designs have been tested for a virtual species on the area of the Czech Republic as follows: accidental, systematic, points on the easy accessible areas (near the communications) and the points with the higher concentration of the scientists (an area of CHKO).The TSS (True skills statistics), KAPPA and AUC (Area under curve) have been used to compare the accuracy of the prediction of the models .The points being choosen from the easy to access areas and CHKO had worse results in all of the monitored values than the accidental or the systematic choice of the points from the whole area of the Czech Republic.It results that the data collection mode affects the final accuracy of the species distribution models.

Longitudinal studies rely on data collected at several occasions from a set of selected individuals. The purpose of these studies is to use a regression-type model to express a response variable as a function of explanatory variables, or covariates. In this thesis, we use marginal models for the analysis of such data, which, coupled with the method of estimating equations, provide estimators of the main regression parameter. When some of the responses are missing or there is error in the recorded covariates, the original estimating equation may be biased. We use techniques available in the literature to modify it and regain the unbiasedness property. We prove the asymptotic normality of the regression estimator obtained under these more realistic circumstances, and provide theoretical and numerical examples to illustrate this approach.

Foram analisados dados referentes às capturas do tubarão-azul (Prionace glauca) pela frota espinheleira baseada na localidade de Itajaí (SC), operando nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil e em águas internacionais adjacentes, entre os anos de 1996 a 2002. Estes foram obtidos na forma de mapas de bordo, fichas de desembarque e através de embarques nesta frota. Com as informações biológicas dos cruzeiros ajustou-se equações para a conversão dos dados de peso eviscerado dos animais capturados das fichas de desembarques para comprimento total e peso total. Após convertidos, elaborou-se a distribuição de frequência das classes de comprimento mensais e a análise da captura acumulada. Com dados dos mapas de bordo, analisouse a captura por unidade de esforço (CPUE) em peso e em número de indivíduos. Posteriormente desenvolveu-se modelagem estatística com o uso do modelo linear generalizado (GLM) para avaliar a magnitude do efeito das variáveis temporais e espaciais sobre as CPUE’s. Verificou-se que o recrutamento por pesca ocorre entre maio e novembro, a ampliação da área de cópula para os 34º S, que as variáveis temporais influenciam mais nas CPUE’s do que as espaciais, a correlação positiva da latitude com as CPUE’s e negativa para a longitude e a necessidade de conservação deste importante grupo de predadores. / This study analyzed data from the capture of blue shark (Prionace glauca) by the longline fleet based in Itajaí, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, operating in south and southeast regions and in international neighboring waters from 1996 to 2002. The data were collected in the form of logbooks, landing sheets and through research cruises personally conducted aboard the commercial fleet. Based on the biological information gathered from the cruises, equations were calculated in order to convert the data of carcass weight captured and listed in the landing sheets for total length and total weight. After data conversion, length frequency for each month and the analysis of accumulated capture was rebuilt. With the data from logbooks, CPUE/1000 hooks were analyzed in terms of kg and the number of individuals plotting of results. Statistical modeling was then developed with the use of GLM to assess the effect of time and space variables in CPUE’s. At the time of fishery recruitment between May and November, the following were observed: (i) the expansion of the mating area to 34º S (ii) time variables influenced more the CPUE’s than the space variables (iii) a positive correlation of the latitude with the CPUE’s and a negative correlation for longitude and (iv) the need for conservation of this important group of predators.

Foram analisados dados referentes às capturas do tubarão-azul (Prionace glauca) pela frota espinheleira baseada na localidade de Itajaí (SC), operando nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil e em águas internacionais adjacentes, entre os anos de 1996 a 2002. Estes foram obtidos na forma de mapas de bordo, fichas de desembarque e através de embarques nesta frota. Com as informações biológicas dos cruzeiros ajustou-se equações para a conversão dos dados de peso eviscerado dos animais capturados das fichas de desembarques para comprimento total e peso total. Após convertidos, elaborou-se a distribuição de frequência das classes de comprimento mensais e a análise da captura acumulada. Com dados dos mapas de bordo, analisouse a captura por unidade de esforço (CPUE) em peso e em número de indivíduos. Posteriormente desenvolveu-se modelagem estatística com o uso do modelo linear generalizado (GLM) para avaliar a magnitude do efeito das variáveis temporais e espaciais sobre as CPUE’s. Verificou-se que o recrutamento por pesca ocorre entre maio e novembro, a ampliação da área de cópula para os 34º S, que as variáveis temporais influenciam mais nas CPUE’s do que as espaciais, a correlação positiva da latitude com as CPUE’s e negativa para a longitude e a necessidade de conservação deste importante grupo de predadores. / This study analyzed data from the capture of blue shark (Prionace glauca) by the longline fleet based in Itajaí, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, operating in south and southeast regions and in international neighboring waters from 1996 to 2002. The data were collected in the form of logbooks, landing sheets and through research cruises personally conducted aboard the commercial fleet. Based on the biological information gathered from the cruises, equations were calculated in order to convert the data of carcass weight captured and listed in the landing sheets for total length and total weight. After data conversion, length frequency for each month and the analysis of accumulated capture was rebuilt. With the data from logbooks, CPUE/1000 hooks were analyzed in terms of kg and the number of individuals plotting of results. Statistical modeling was then developed with the use of GLM to assess the effect of time and space variables in CPUE’s. At the time of fishery recruitment between May and November, the following were observed: (i) the expansion of the mating area to 34º S (ii) time variables influenced more the CPUE’s than the space variables (iii) a positive correlation of the latitude with the CPUE’s and a negative correlation for longitude and (iv) the need for conservation of this important group of predators.

This paper thoroughly investigates needs and requirements for overhead distribution feeder inspection and develops models to investigate possible relations between short term inspections remarks and outages. The study was conducted in collaboration with Fortum Distribution AB that supplied extensive information about their overhead power feeders concerning both inspection and power outages. The investigated models where lognormal linear model, Poisson generalized linear model and negative binomial generalized linear model. All models were implemented utilizing offset terms to compensate for differences in feeder length and amount of overhead versus underground feeders. The Poisson generalized linear model was rejected at an early stage due to overdispersion and neither of the remaining models fit the data perfectly. There for conclusions were primarily concluded from similarities and differences amongst the models. The results either implicate that maintenance is scheduled sufficiently fast, with respect to short term inspection, to ensure a high system reliability or no relationships between short term inspection and feeder outages exist. Therefore the final conclusion was that maintenance and reinvestment decisions should not be based on short cycle inspection data.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-01-06T14:31:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 danielaferrodegodoy.pdf: 2931952 bytes, checksum: 08ac03607124e73f9ec9318d1bbc4e9a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-01-31T11:25:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 danielaferrodegodoy.pdf: 2931952 bytes, checksum: 08ac03607124e73f9ec9318d1bbc4e9a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T11:25:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 danielaferrodegodoy.pdf: 2931952 bytes, checksum: 08ac03607124e73f9ec9318d1bbc4e9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-12 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A modelagem pode ser utilizada para determinar a distribuição de uma determinada espécie em uma área. Deste modo, pode auxiliar na conservação de espécies ameaçadas. Neste estudo, modelos foram utilizados para avaliar a influência do habitat, do tipo de presas capturadas por pescadores artesanais e do Valo Grande sobre a presença do boto-cinza na região do Complexo Estuarino Lagunar de Cananéia. Os dados foram coletados entre janeiro de 2012 a novembro de 2014, durante três 3 saídas de campo por estação do ano. Estas saídas de campo foram realizadas em quatro setores pré-definidos, que foram percorridos em transecções lineares. O setor II foi o de maior ocorrência de botos, provavelmente pela proximidade com o oceano adjacente. A distribuição entre os setores foi mais homogênea nas estações mais frias, onde os valores das variáveis ambientais são mais estáveis. Os maiores agrupamentos de animais também foram encontrados no inverno. Os botos foram avistados em diversos valores das variáveis ambientais analisadas. No entanto, as maiores ocorrências foram registradas em águas mais turvas; profundidades maiores que 10 metros; salinidade acima de 10 ppm; e águas mais frias e nas marés de sizígias. A presença do cerco-fixo no estuário também influenciou positivamente a ocorrência dos botos, que utilizam essa armadilha de pesca como barreira, minimizando a fuga das suas presas. A tainha foi a categoria de peixe que teve a maior associação com a presença dos botos, seguida pela guaivira e prejereba. Já o parati e o camarão estuarino apresentaram uma influência negativa com a presença do boto. O modelo preditivo do Valo Grande mostrou que a descarga de água doce influencia de maneira negativa na presença dos botos. Pelo exposto, fica claro que os botos-cinza apresentaram uma distribuição heterogênea dentro do estuário estudado e as áreas de maior concentração merecem maior atenção na elaboração de estratégias de conservação. / Niche modelling can be used to determine the distribution of a particular species in an enviromental space (ecological niche). It may be important to help to preserve endangered species. Therefore, in this study, niche modelling was used to evaluate the influence of: the habitat; the artisanal fishermen‟s catch species; and the Valo Grande on the presence of the Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in the Estuarine Lagunar Complex of Cananéia, Brazil. The data were collected in three fieldworks per season, from January 2012 to November 2014. The fieldworks took place in four predefinied sectors. These sectors were sampled using a line-transect method. The presence of the Guiana dolphin was observed mostly on sector II. Probably because of the proximity to the adjacent ocean. The distribution among sectors was more homogeneous in the short cool season, when the environmental variables are more stable. The larger dolphin clusters were found during the winter. Guiana dolphins were sighted in a great diversity of environmental conditions. Nonetheless, the highest occurrences were recorded in cooler and turbid waters; depths greater than 10 meters; salinity above 10 ppm; and during spring tides (technically known in Portuguese as 'maré de sizígia'). Furthermore, the presence of an artisanal fish trap, known locally as cerco-fixo, has positively influenced the occurrence of Guiana dolphins in the estuary. The dolphins use cerco-fixo fish traps to corner shoals and reduce the escape routes of their prey. The mullet (Mugil brasiliensis) was the fish species which had the highest positive correlation with the presence of dolphins, followed by the leatherjacket (Oligoplites saurus) and the tripletail (Lobotes surinamensis). On the other hand, the white mullet (Mugil curema) and the whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) had a negative correlation with the presence of the Guiana dolphin. The data collected on the Valo Grande Channel showed that freshwater discharges decrease the presence of Guiana dolphins. We can conclude that the Guiana dolphins have an heterogeneous distribution within the studied estuary. Therefore, the areas of greatest ocurrence deserve greater attention in the development of preservation strategies.