Proefschrift Utrecht. / Met lit.opg. en samenvatting in het Nederlands.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos da administração parenteral de vitamina E no desempenho produtivo e na sensibilidade à insulina de cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas suplementadas ou não com vitamina E no 108º dia de gestação. Foram utilizados 28 cordeiros em delineamento de blocos casualizados, considerando o sexo dos cordeiros e tipo de gestação, se única ou gemelar; com planejamento fatorial 2X2, em que foram considerados cordeiros de ovelhas que receberam ou não vitamina E e cordeiros que receberam ou não vitamina E na dosagem de 60 UI/kg PV até 24 horas após o nascimento, distribuindo em quatro grupos: EE: Cordeiros e ovelhas que receberam vitamina E; EC: Cordeiros que receberam veículo oleoso (controle) nascidos de ovelhas que receberam vitamina E; CC: Cordeiros e ovelhas que receberam veículo oleoso; CE: Cordeiros que receberam vitamina E nascidos de ovelhas que receberam veículo oleoso. Para detecção da sensibilidade à insulina, aos 28 dias de vida (T1) os cordeiros foram submetidos ao teste de tolerância à glicose (TTG). Foram determinados aos dois (T0) e aos 28 (T1) dias de vida as atividades de CK, AST, GGT, SOD, GSH-Px; o status antioxidante total (TAS); a habilidade de redução do ferro plasmático (HRFP), as substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARs); as concentrações de ácido úrico, glicose, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), betahidroxibutirato (BHB), triglicerídeos, colesterol, cálcio total, cálcio ionizável, proteína total, albumina, ureia, creatinina e a concentração plasmática de vitamina E (alfa-tocoferol). Foram calculados os valores de RQUICKI e de RQUICKI BHB em T0 e em T1. Semanalmente foram acompanhados o peso e o escore de condição corporal dos cordeiros (ECC). Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o pacote estatístico STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM (SAS) e para todos os testes foi adotado o nível de significância de 5%. A administração parenteral de 60 UI/kg de vitamina E em ovelhas no 108o dia de gestação e/ou nas primeiras 24 horas de vida de cordeiros não influenciou as concentrações de cálcio total, proteína total, ureia, albumina, TAS, cortisol, insulina; as concentrações plasmáticas de glicose, colesterol, triglicérides, AGNE, HRFP; as atividades de AST, GGT, GSH-Px e SOD; e os valores de RQUICKI, peso e ECC. Foi observada diminuição da sensibilidade à insulina e concentração de alfa tocoferol no T0 para cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas suplementadas com vitamina E. A suplementação dos cordeiros melhorou o status antioxidante no T0 e a produção de BHB no T1. A suplementação com alfa tocoferol não influenciou no peso vivo e no ECC até a quarta semana de vida do cordeiro. / The objective of this work was to study the effects of parenteral administration of vitamin E on the productive performance and insulin sensitivity of lambs born from ewes supplemented or not with vitamin E on the 108th day of gestation. Twenty-eight lambs received intramuscularly 60 UI/kg BW of vitamin E or oily vehicle until 24 hours after birth and were distributed according to their sex and type of pregnancy (single or twin) into four groups using a 2x2 factorial design: EE: lambs and ewes treated with vitamin E; EC: Lambs that received oily vehicle (control) born from ewe treated with vitamin E; CC: Lambs and ewe that received oily vehicle; EC: Lambs that received vitamin E born from ewe treated with the oily vehicle. At 28 days old, all lambs were submitted to the glucose tolerance test (GTT). At 28 days old, all lambs were submitted to the glucose tolerance test (GTT) to detect insulin sensitivity. The activities of CK, AST, GGT, SOD, GSH-Px; total antioxidant status (TAS); the ability to reduce plasma iron (HRFP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs); the concentrations of uric acid, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), betahydroxybutyrate (BHB), triglycerides, cholesterol, total calcium, ionizable calcium, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine and plasma concentration of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) were determined at 2 (T0) and at 28 (T1) days of life. The RQUICKI and RQUICKI BHB values were calculated in T0 and T1. The body condition score (BCS) and the live weight were measured every week. The data were analyzed using the statistical package STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM (SAS) and for all the tests was adopted the level of significance of 5%. Parenteral administration of 60 IU / kg vitamin E in sheep on the 108th day of gestation and / or during the first 24 hours of lamb life did not influence the concentrations of total calcium, total protein, urea, albumin, TAS, cortisol, insulin; plasma concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, NEFA, FRAP; the activities of AST, GGT, GSH-Px and SOD; and the RQUICKI, weight and BSC values. There was only effect related to the age of the lambs for these variables. Decreased insulin sensitivity and increased alpha tocopherol concentration was observed in T0 for lambs born from ewe supplemented with vitamin E. The supplementation of the lambs improved the antioxidant status in T0 and the BHB production in T1. Alfa Tocopherol supplementation did not influence the live weight and BSC until the fourth week of life of the lambs.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos da administração parenteral de vitamina E no desempenho produtivo e na sensibilidade à insulina de cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas suplementadas ou não com vitamina E no 108º dia de gestação. Foram utilizados 28 cordeiros em delineamento de blocos casualizados, considerando o sexo dos cordeiros e tipo de gestação, se única ou gemelar; com planejamento fatorial 2X2, em que foram considerados cordeiros de ovelhas que receberam ou não vitamina E e cordeiros que receberam ou não vitamina E na dosagem de 60 UI/kg PV até 24 horas após o nascimento, distribuindo em quatro grupos: EE: Cordeiros e ovelhas que receberam vitamina E; EC: Cordeiros que receberam veículo oleoso (controle) nascidos de ovelhas que receberam vitamina E; CC: Cordeiros e ovelhas que receberam veículo oleoso; CE: Cordeiros que receberam vitamina E nascidos de ovelhas que receberam veículo oleoso. Para detecção da sensibilidade à insulina, aos 28 dias de vida (T1) os cordeiros foram submetidos ao teste de tolerância à glicose (TTG). Foram determinados aos dois (T0) e aos 28 (T1) dias de vida as atividades de CK, AST, GGT, SOD, GSH-Px; o status antioxidante total (TAS); a habilidade de redução do ferro plasmático (HRFP), as substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARs); as concentrações de ácido úrico, glicose, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), betahidroxibutirato (BHB), triglicerídeos, colesterol, cálcio total, cálcio ionizável, proteína total, albumina, ureia, creatinina e a concentração plasmática de vitamina E (alfa-tocoferol). Foram calculados os valores de RQUICKI e de RQUICKI BHB em T0 e em T1. Semanalmente foram acompanhados o peso e o escore de condição corporal dos cordeiros (ECC). Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o pacote estatístico STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM (SAS) e para todos os testes foi adotado o nível de significância de 5%. A administração parenteral de 60 UI/kg de vitamina E em ovelhas no 108o dia de gestação e/ou nas primeiras 24 horas de vida de cordeiros não influenciou as concentrações de cálcio total, proteína total, ureia, albumina, TAS, cortisol, insulina; as concentrações plasmáticas de glicose, colesterol, triglicérides, AGNE, HRFP; as atividades de AST, GGT, GSH-Px e SOD; e os valores de RQUICKI, peso e ECC. Foi observada diminuição da sensibilidade à insulina e concentração de alfa tocoferol no T0 para cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas suplementadas com vitamina E. A suplementação dos cordeiros melhorou o status antioxidante no T0 e a produção de BHB no T1. A suplementação com alfa tocoferol não influenciou no peso vivo e no ECC até a quarta semana de vida do cordeiro. / The objective of this work was to study the effects of parenteral administration of vitamin E on the productive performance and insulin sensitivity of lambs born from ewes supplemented or not with vitamin E on the 108th day of gestation. Twenty-eight lambs received intramuscularly 60 UI/kg BW of vitamin E or oily vehicle until 24 hours after birth and were distributed according to their sex and type of pregnancy (single or twin) into four groups using a 2x2 factorial design: EE: lambs and ewes treated with vitamin E; EC: Lambs that received oily vehicle (control) born from ewe treated with vitamin E; CC: Lambs and ewe that received oily vehicle; EC: Lambs that received vitamin E born from ewe treated with the oily vehicle. At 28 days old, all lambs were submitted to the glucose tolerance test (GTT). At 28 days old, all lambs were submitted to the glucose tolerance test (GTT) to detect insulin sensitivity. The activities of CK, AST, GGT, SOD, GSH-Px; total antioxidant status (TAS); the ability to reduce plasma iron (HRFP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs); the concentrations of uric acid, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), betahydroxybutyrate (BHB), triglycerides, cholesterol, total calcium, ionizable calcium, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine and plasma concentration of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) were determined at 2 (T0) and at 28 (T1) days of life. The RQUICKI and RQUICKI BHB values were calculated in T0 and T1. The body condition score (BCS) and the live weight were measured every week. The data were analyzed using the statistical package STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM (SAS) and for all the tests was adopted the level of significance of 5%. Parenteral administration of 60 IU / kg vitamin E in sheep on the 108th day of gestation and / or during the first 24 hours of lamb life did not influence the concentrations of total calcium, total protein, urea, albumin, TAS, cortisol, insulin; plasma concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, NEFA, FRAP; the activities of AST, GGT, GSH-Px and SOD; and the RQUICKI, weight and BSC values. There was only effect related to the age of the lambs for these variables. Decreased insulin sensitivity and increased alpha tocopherol concentration was observed in T0 for lambs born from ewe supplemented with vitamin E. The supplementation of the lambs improved the antioxidant status in T0 and the BHB production in T1. Alfa Tocopherol supplementation did not influence the live weight and BSC until the fourth week of life of the lambs.

Publikationen die in letzter Zeit veröffentlicht wurden zeigten den G Protein-gekoppelte Rezeptor 30 (Gpr30) als neuer potenzieller Östrogen Rezeptor. Dieser Befund wird kontrovers diskutiert, zudem wurde die physiologische Funktion von Gpr30 bisher noch nicht vollständig geklärt. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Erforschung der Rolle von Gpr30 in vivo. In einer primären und sekundären Untersuchung wurde eine phänotypische Charakterisierung einer Gpr30-defizienten Mauslinie vorgenommen. Diese Mauslinie wurde generiert, indem eine beta-Galactosidase-Neomycin Vektorkassette in den open reading frame des Gpr30 Gens eingesetzt wurde. Im Rahmen der primären Untersuchung zeigte die immunologische Analyse eine Reduzierung der T-Zellen sowohl bei den männlichen als auch bei den weiblichen mutanten Mäusen. In einer Thymus-Genexpressionanalyse konnten einige Gene identifiziert werden, die möglicherweise in der Regulation der Anzahl an T-Zellen involviert waren. Auf der Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse wurde eine Erhöhung der Kalzium-vermittelten T-Zellen Apoptose hypothetisiert. Gegenstand der sekundären Untersuchung war die Bestimmung eines möglichen metabolischen und kardiovaskulären Phänotyps, da Gpr30 überwiegend in den Blutgefäßen verschiedener Organe, sowie in der Pankreas und im Magen exprimiert ist. Zu diesem Zweck wurden die Mäuse einer Hochfettdiät unterzogen und es wurden metabolische sowie hemodynamische Tests durchgeführt. Um den Phänotyp dieser ersten Mauslinie zu bestätigen, wurde eine zweite Mauslinie ohne Selektionsmarker generiert. Insgesamt tragen die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie zu einem besseren Verständnis der Funktion von Gpr30 in vivo bei. Eine Rolle des Rezeptors bezüglich der Regulation des Körpergewichts konnte widerlegt werden, während ein Einfluss auf den Lipid- und Muskelstoffwechsel angenommen werden kann. Zudem wurde gefunden, dass Gpr30 für einige Östrogen-regulierende, physiologische Prozesse nicht erforderlich ist. / Recent studies identified the G protein-coupled receptor 30 (Gpr30) as a potential new estrogen receptor. However, these findings remain still controversial and the physiological role of Gpr30 has not been clarified yet. In order to decipher the role of Gpr30 in vivo, we investigated the phenotype of a Gpr30 mutant mouse line, generated by the insertion of a beta-galactosidase-neomycin cassette into the Gpr30 open reading frame, in a primary and a secondary screen. The primary screen revealed a decrease of T cell levels in both male and female mutants. Thymus gene expression analysis allowed to detect some of the genes potentially involved in regulating T cell levels in these mice. On this basis a hypothesis of an increase in T cell calcium-mediated apoptosis was formulated. The secondary screen aimed at unraveling a potential metabolic and cardiovascular phenotype, being Gpr30 mainly expressed in the vasculature of several organs, as well as in the pancreas and in the chief gastric cells of the stomach. Therefore, mice were challenged with a defined high fat diet, and metabolic and hemodynamic tests were performed. To confirm the phenotype achieved in this first mouse line, a second one, devoid of any selection marker, was analyzed. Altogether the results achieved may contribute to a better understanding of Gpr30 function in vivo, disproving a role of Gpr30 in body weight regulation, suggesting a role in lipid and muscular metabolism, and providing evidence that Gpr30 may not be required for several estrogen-regulated physiological processes.

No description available.