The primary objective of this study is to clarify a child's perspective within family matters surrounding financial aid from social services likewise how social workers interpret and implement the perspective in their tasks. Answers to the study's questions are supported by theories about the capacity for action and Shier's theory, Pathways to Participation. The foundation of this study is based on, among other things, scientific articles, literature, and reports that build the analysis which diverges into several themes as a result. The results showed that the children's perspective was inconclusive and a complex concept to define both in research and legislative texts, while simultaneously showing that the social secretary's broad and respectively narrow possibility of interpreting the law could be received as both negative and positive in the assessment of the child's best interests. There were also flaws in the documentation regarding the child's situation. In conclusion, some of the results of this study were based on the fact that the given legislative texts and guidelines did not provide a clear definition of how the social secretary should proceed in their work with the children's perspective and in the child's best interests.

Purpose To understand the factors that influence nursing students’ use of evidence-based pain management guidelines in their clinical placements. Methods/Design Guided by educational and knowledge translation theory, multiple approaches were used: 1. A scoping review of the literature to identify and describe educational strategies to promote evidence-based practice (EBP) by nursing students in the clinical setting, along with associated barriers and facilitators from the literature. 2. A process to develop indicators of the use of pain guidelines in clinical practice. 3. A descriptive case study to determine the gap between evidence-based guideline recommendations and actual practice and to understand the clinical and educational contextual factors that influence nursing students’ use of pain management practice guidelines. Findings The scoping review identified 37 papers in total, 14 descriptive and 23 evaluation studies. Commonly identified barriers were lack of EBP knowledge and skills and lack of support in the clinical setting. EBP projects were the most frequently evaluated educational interventions, alone, or in combination with workshops or journal clubs. During the indicator development process, eleven guidelines were reviewed for quality, resulting in three quality guidelines. From these three guidelines, 12 recommendations were extracted. Quality indicators were then identified by a consensus process, resulting in 24 discrete indicators for the chart audit. For the descriptive case study, fifty-four charts were audited, and interviews were conducted with nine students, seven nurses, one professor, and one clinical instructor. Multiple documents were reviewed, and a site visit was conducted. There are gaps between pain guideline recommendations and practice in the clinical setting. Examples of barriers include the perception that guidelines are not applicable for the clinical setting, lack of knowledge regarding guidelines and an emphasis on task completion in the clinical setting. Facilitators included access to resources, curriculum changes, and the integration of guidelines in policies and procedures. These findings can inform the development, implementation and evaluation of evidence based educational strategies that take into account the multiple actors that impact nursing students’ experience, namely, in-class professors, clinical instructors, and staff nurses. Future education and research approaches should be rooted in knowledge translation and education theory.

GUI testing is expensive to perform manually. Software systems involving a heterogeneous set of components exclude the applicability of specific GUI testing techniques. Visual GUI Testing (VGT) is a test automation technique that combines image recognition with scripts. It applies to almost any GUI driven application. VGT is proven to be cost-effective in comparison with manual testing. Still, it is expensive to maintain. This study investigates if test script design by following specific guidelines positively affects maintenance costs. A case study was conducted to identify best practices for VGT w.r.t. maintenance time. Four VGT versions were developed for each manual test case. These consisted of two design versions, with/without guidelines, for the two VGT-tools EyeAutomate and Sikuli. Data was collected using time measurements, observations, and interviews. Results highlighted differences in initial development time and maintenance time between the two design versions. In total, 44 observations were collected. 17 were related to the design versions, 17 to the VGT-tools, and 10 to VGT in general, initial development, and the system under test. The interviews collected the perceptions of VGT in general, maintenance of the different VGT versions, and guidelines. In conclusion, the combination of the guidelines did not have a positive effect on maintenance in terms of costs and experience. However, some of the individual guidelines did. A rationale why the guidelines did not give the desired result was identified. Future research is necessary to investigate other combinations of guidelines, such as those identified as beneficial.

Nowadays, universal and unrestricted access to documents has become commonplace. In particular, PDF documents can be created quickly and easily, they look the same everywhere and can be read by any device. Whether for the distribution of printed material or forms: PDF documents are used extensively everywhere to provide various contents. With the Act on Equal Opportunities for People with Disabilities and the BITV 2.0, respectively, public bodies are also legally obliged to make digital offerings accessible. On the following pages we would like to give you instructions on how to make your documents accessible to more people. Furthermore, your work should become more effective and efficient in the long term. The instructions focus on Adobe InDesign 16 for Windows and macOS. Of course, you can use the concepts, support and tips presented here regardless of which version of InDesign you are using.

Nowadays, universal and unrestricted access to documents has become commonplace. In particular, PDF documents can be created quickly and easily, they look the same everywhere and can be read by any device. Whether for the distribution of printed material or forms: PDF documents are used extensively everywhere to provide various contents. With the Act on Equal Opportunities for People with Disabilities and the BITV 2.0, respectively, public bodies are also legally obliged to make digital offerings accessible. On the following pages we would like to give you instructions on how to make your documents accessible to more people. Furthermore, your work should become more effective and efficient in the long term. The instructions focus on Word 2016 om Windows, Word 2019 on Windows and macOS. A guide for Word 2013 and 2007 can be found in previous editions of this brochure. Of course, you can use the concepts, support and tips presented here regardless of which version of Word you are using.

Nowadays, universal and unrestricted access to documents has become commonplace. In particular, PDF documents can be created quickly and easily, they look the same everywhere and can be read by any device. Whether for the distribution of printed material or forms: PDF documents are used extensively everywhere to provide various contents. With the Act on Equal Opportunities for People with Disabilities and the BITV 2.0, respectively, public bodies are also legally obliged to make digital offerings accessible. The instructions focus on PowerPoint 2016 on Windows, PowerPoint 2019 on Windows and macOS. A guide for PowerPoint 2013 and 2007 can be found in previous editions of this brochure. Of course, you can use the concepts, support and tips presented here regardless of which version of PowerPoint you are using.

In recent years a Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS)-network of more than 50 reference stations (with more on the way) have been set up extending over the whole southern African country of Botswana. This has opened up for new and improved possibilities of implementing the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technique in surveying practice. Cadastral surveying, the demarcation and registration of plots in a land registry, in Botswana is characterised by non-uniform methods with the lack of standardised documents. Authorities in Botswana already include the GNSS technique in the cadastre process but guidelines remain to be formulated. This research aims to establish a suggestion to new guidelines for GNSS measurements in cadastral surveying in Botswana by adapting international guidelines to Botswana use. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with personnel at different surveying institutions in Botswana together with a literature study of three existing international guidelines and scientific articles concerning GNSS and cadastral surveying. The international guidelines of choice were from Sweden, Australia and the United Kingdom (UK). During the process a thorough review of challenges and potentials of introducing new guidelines were. The results show that the surveying community in Botswana is facing several challenges at the moment. The challenges was categorised within three groups. The first group named ‘challenges related to the lack of standards’ contains challenges such as the lack of unity throughout the sector and the fact that it is difficult to refer to what is right and wrong. The second group, ‘technological challenges’, contains challenges such as infrastructural faults and the shortage of modern instruments. The last group of challenges ‘institutional challenges’ describes problems associated to inadequate cooperation and resistance towards change. There are also several potentials to talk about that Botswana would be able take part of if guidelines were introduced. Among them were improved educational systems and consistency within the sector. / Under de senaste åren har ett stödsystem för satellitpositionering satts upp i ett nätverk av mer än 50 referensstationer (med fler på väg) runt om i Botswana i södra Afrika. Detta har öppnat upp för nya och förbättrade möjligheter att implementera satellitnavigation i lantmäteriutövning. Fastighetsregistrering, det vill säga utmarkering och registrering av tomter i ett register, i Botswana kännetecknas av icke-konsekventa metoder reglerade av bristfälliga riktlinjer. Myndigheter i Botswana använder redan satellitnavigation inom fastighetsregistrering men riktlinjer inom ämnet återstår att formuleras. Målet med den här uppsatsen är att etablera ett förslag till riktlinjer för tillämpningen av satellitnavigering inom fastighetsregistrering i Botswana genom att anpassa internationella riktlinjer till en Botswansk version. Data till den här undersökningen samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer som hölls med personal från olika aktörer inom lantmäterisektorn i Botswana ihop med en litteraturstudie av tre redan existerande internationella riktlinjer och vetenskapliga artiklar inom satellitnavigering och fastighetsregistrering. De valda riktlinjerna kom från Sverige, Australien och Storbritannien. Under arbetets gång gjordes en utförlig redogörelse av utmaningar och potentialer som är relaterade till introduktionen av nya riktlinjer. Resultaten visade att lantmäterisektorn i Botswana står inför flera utmatningar. Dessa grupperades efter tre sorters utmaningar. Första gruppen döptes till ”utmaningar relaterade till bristen av riktlinjer” och innehöll utmaning som dålig enhetlighet inom sektorn och att det är omöjligt att referera till vad som är rätt och fel inom mätning. Andra gruppen, ”teknologiska utmaningar”, innehöll utmaningar som undermålig infrastruktur och avsaknaden av tillräckligt många moderna instrument. Sista gruppen av utmaningar ”institutionella utmaningar” beskriver problem som är associerade till bristfälligt samarbete och motstånd mot förändring. Det finns även flera potentialer att prata om som Botswana skulle kunna ta del av om riktlinjer skulle bli introducerade. Bland dessa var ett förbättrat utbildningsystem och enhetlighet inom sektorn. / Minor Field Study, SIDA

Diploma thesis focuses on inventories from own operations in the Strojírny Prostějov, a.s. The first part of the work is focused on theoretical background related to this area. In the analytical section there is description of the procedures of the current valuation, accounting and stocktaking according to current internal guideline. The practical part of the thesis is a draft amendment to the current directive, which describes the valuation of inventories from own operations and booking from the year 2016 so that the company has fulfilled the requirements of the valid legislation on the true and fair view of its assets.

Colorectal rectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common cancer in men, the 2nd most common cancer in women, and the 4th leading cause of cancer death. Lack of screening or delayed screening for CRC is the major cause of undiagnosed cancers that become malignant and eventually become fatal. Nurses at the project site are not in compliance with CRC screening guidelines due to inadequate knowledge of the screening guidelines recommended by the American Cancer Society, which creates a gap in practice. The purpose of this project was to develop staff education on CRC screening guidelines. The practice focused question addressed if evidence-based education regarding CRC screening could be an effective means for nurse education, according to a panel of local experts. A pre-test evaluation of knowledge regarding CRC screening was administered to nursing staff from the site. The John Hopkins evidence-based practice model guided the development of the staff education program, using the results of the pre-test, evidence-based practice literature and guidelines. The project team, consisting of a physician and medical support staff, evaluated the education program, plan for delivery, and plan for evaluation of learning through an anonymous Likert-style evaluation survey. The 3 team members also completed program evaluation surveys, and 100% agreed or strongly agreed that the program objectives were met. The project was limited to planning only and the education program materials, along with plans for later implementation and evaluation of learning through pre- and post-tests, were handed over to the project site for delivery at a later date. The CRC screening education will become part of the yearly staff competencies, leading to appropriate screening of the site’s patient population. This education project has the potential to promote positive social change by saving lives and improving the quality of those lives.

Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) represent a significant challenge in the care provided for hospitalized patients. HAPUs impact morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. At the local practice site, the incidence of HAPUs increased in the perioperative setting. The practice-focused question for this project asked if an education program for staff nurses working in a perioperative care setting with high HAPU incidence can advance nurse knowledge regarding prevention, early assessment, symptoms, and treatment of HAPUs. The purpose of this educational project was to develop a pretest and posttest designed education program on HAPU prevention and care for perioperative nurses. The Iowa model was used to guide content development with application of the content to nursing practice, and Watson’s theory of caring was used to align with the organizational core values. Information on the prevention and treatment of HAPUs was obtained from national and international guidelines. A presentation was developed to address the practice guidelines for assessment, prevention, and treatment of HAPUs. A standardized pretest from NetCE was given to 15 nurses and 5 medical assistants prior to the education program and again after the education program. NetCE score results indicated improvement in nursing staff members’ knowledge from 65 on the pretest to 100 on the posttest; medical assistants’ scores increased from 35 to 65. For patients who undergo surgical procedures, the results of this project may improve assessment, prevention, and treatment of HAPUs and thereby promote positive social change because patients have a reduced risk of HAPUs and HAPU-associated complications.