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ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GaAs NANOWIRE ARRAYSZhang, Junpeng January 2014 (has links)
III-V semiconductor nanowires (NWs) are often referred to as one-dimensional (1-D) materials because of their high aspect ratios and excellent quantum confinement properties. Spacing between NWs in a NW array is on the order of ~102 nm, which is close to the wavelength of visible light. These properties make NWs have excellent light trapping effects and suitability for optoelectronic applications, such as solar cells and photodetectors.
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) has high electron mobility and a band gap of 1.424 eV, which makes it an ideal material for solar cells. Since GaAs NWs can be grown on either GaAs substrates or foreign substrates such as silicon (Si) substrates without lattice mismatch issues, they are being widely studied for photovoltaic applications.
GaAs NWs could be achieved by the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), or etching a GaAs substrate by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE). Cyclotene was used as the filling material in gaps between NWs to support a low sheet resistance front contact and prevent shunts. An In/ITO contact was developed to achieve a lower contact resistance to n-GaAs NWs than an ITO contact, while it had a similar transmittance as ITO.
A crack test also showed that insertion of a thin indium layer between ITO and GaAs NWs solved the ITO crack issue during heating that resulted from a large difference in coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between ITO and cyclotene. Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) was used to determine indium diffusion into NWs, and it showed that indium diffusion was not so significant to damage the features in NWs.
A novel method to achieve substrate-free NW arrays by combining ICP-RIE and selective chemical etching together was also introduced. This method made it possible to measure the transmittance of NW arrays and contact layers for the first time. Absorption of GaAs NW arrays with various NW diameters and periods were also determined experimentally. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)
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Emission and Dynamics of Charge Carriers in Uncoated and Organic/Metal Coated Semiconductor NanowiresKaveh Baghbadorani, Masoud 10 October 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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Growth and properties of GaAs/(In,Ga)As core-shell nanowire arrays on SiKüpers, Hanno 07 September 2018 (has links)
Diese Arbeit präsentiert Untersuchungen zum Wachstum von GaAs Nanodrähten (NWs) und (In,Ga)As Hüllen mittels Molekularstrahlepitaxie (MBE) mit sekundärem Fokus auf den optischen Eigenschaften solcher Kern-Hülle Strukturen. Das ortsselektive Wachstum von GaAs NWs auf mit Oxidmasken beschichteten Si Substraten wird untersucht, wobei der entscheidende Einfluss der Oberflächenpreparation auf die vertikale Ausbeute von NW Feldern aufgedeckt wird. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen wird ein zweistufiger Wachstumprozess präsentiert der es ermöglicht NWs mit dünner und gerade Morphologie zu erhalten ohne die vertikale Ausbeute zu verringern. Für die detaillierte Beschreibung der NW Form wird ein Wachstumsmo- dell entwickelt, das die Einflüsse der Veränderung der Tropfen Größe während des Wachstums sowie direktes des Wachstums auf den NW Seitenwänden umfassend beschreibt. Dieses Wachstumsmodell wird benutzt für die Vorhersage der NW Form über einen großen Parameterraum um geeignete Bedingungen für die Realisierung von erwünschten NW Formen und Dimensionen zu finden. Ausgehend von diesen NW Feldern werden die optimalen Parameter für das Wachstum von (In,Ga)As Hüllen untersucht und wir zeigen, dass die Anordnung der Materialquellen im MBE System die Materialqualität entscheidend beeinflusst. Die dreidimensionale Struktur der NWs in Kombination mit der Substratrotation und der Richtungsabhängigkeit der Materialflüsse in MBE resultieren in unterschiedlichen Flusssequenzen auf der NW Seitenfacette welche die Wachstumsdynamik und infolgedessen die Punktde- fektdichte bestimmen. An Proben mit optimaler (In,Ga)As Hülle und äußerer GaAs Hülle zeigen wir, dass thermionische Emission mit anschließender nichtstrahlender Rekombination auf der Oberfläche zu einem starken thermischen Verlöschen der Lumineszenz Intensität führt, welches durch das Hinzufügen einer AlAs Barrierenhülle zur äußeren Hüllenstruktur erfolgreich unterdrückt werden kann. Abschließend wird ein Prozess präsentiert der das ex-situ Tempern von NWs bei hohen Temperaturen ermöglicht, was in der Reduzierung von Inhomogenitäten in den (In,Ga)As Hüllenquantentöpfen führt und in beispiellosen optischen Eigenschaften resultiert. / This thesis presents an investigation of the growth of GaAs nanowires (NWs) and (In,Ga)As shells by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) with a second focus on the optical properties of these core-shell structures. The selective-area growth of GaAs NWs on Si substrates covered by an oxide mask is investigated, revealing the crucial impact of the surface preparation on the vertical yield of NW arrays. Based on these results, a two-step growth approach is presented that enables the growth of thin and untapered NWs while maintaining the high vertical yield. For a detailed quantitative description of the NW shape evolution, a growth model is derived that comprehensively describes the NW shape resulting from changes of the droplet size during elongation and direct vapour-solid growth on the NW sidewalls. This growth model is used to predict the NW shape over a large parameter space to find suitable conditions for the realization of desired NW shapes and dimensions. Using these GaAs NW arrays as templates, the optimum parameters for the growth of (In,Ga)As shells are investigated and we show that the locations of the sources in the MBE system crucially affect the material quality. Here, the three-dimensional structure of the NWs in combination with the substrate rotation and the directionality of material fluxes in MBE results in different flux sequences on the NW sidefacets that determine the growth dynamics and hence, the point defect density. For GaAs NWs with optimum (In,Ga)As shell and outer GaAs shell, we demonstrate that thermionic emission with successive nonradiative recombination at the surface leads to a strong thermal quenching of the luminescence intensity, which is succesfully suppressed by the addition of an AlAs barrier shell to the outer shell structure. Finally, a process is presented that enables the ex-situ annealing of NWs at high temperatures resulting in the reduction of alloy inhomogeneities in the (In,Ga)As shell quantum wells and small emission linewidths.
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