This thesis details the design and construction of an experiment to measure the radial distribution of laser gain in a cylindrical Helium-Neon laser gain tube. This distribution is important as it can effect the transverse mode structure of a running ring laser. Earlier theoretical models of the distribution were not supported by high quality experimental data and fail to take into account some physical processes. A resolution of 8 parts per million in gain and 50 μm in radial position has been achieved. Gain distributions have been measured and are shown to be well modeled by a 0th order Bessel function with first roots at the tube walls and a central dip depending on excitation power; except for the region very near to the tube walls where a very rapid increase in gain has been observed. Hydrogen has been identified by spectroscopic analysis as the primary constituent of gas contamination and cause of the long term reduction in gain of large ring lasers. Additional work has been done to detect a proposed non-classical Lense-Thirring field around a spinning lead superconductor. It was found that any effect is at least 20 times smaller than predicted. Techniques and tools for data acquisition programming have been reviewed focusing on difficulties with coupling of user interface and application logic, monolithicity, difficulties with scripting and algorithm implementation.

This thesis details the design and construction of an experiment to measure the radial distribution of laser gain in a cylindrical Helium-Neon laser gain tube. This distribution is important as it can effect the transverse mode structure of a running ring laser. Earlier theoretical models of the distribution were not supported by high quality experimental data and fail to take into account some physical processes. A resolution of 8 parts per million in gain and 50 μm in radial position has been achieved. Gain distributions have been measured and are shown to be well modeled by a 0th order Bessel function with first roots at the tube walls and a central dip depending on excitation power; except for the region very near to the tube walls where a very rapid increase in gain has been observed. Hydrogen has been identified by spectroscopic analysis as the primary constituent of gas contamination and cause of the long term reduction in gain of large ring lasers. Additional work has been done to detect a proposed non-classical Lense-Thirring field around a spinning lead superconductor. It was found that any effect is at least 20 times smaller than predicted. Techniques and tools for data acquisition programming have been reviewed focusing on difficulties with coupling of user interface and application logic, monolithicity, difficulties with scripting and algorithm implementation.

人口成長與產業結構的變遷，使得土地使用變更行為的產生，成為一種必然而難以避免的結果。針對有些土地由低價值變更為高價值土地，地主未曾對土地進行任何投資改良，卻獲取大部分變更利得，即所謂社會自然增值部分歸於一已之私。因此，本研究對目前台灣地區土地使用變更利得分配方式予以探究，並試圖提出土地使用變更利得分配模式，作為未來政策施行之參考。 　　為改善現況問題，本研究將土地使用計畫過程區分為四階段：1.計畫構想提出階段；2.計畫擬定階段；3.計畫審議通過階段；4.計畫實施開發階段，將法定程序之變更利得界定在第三階段，此一利得應歸屬社會大眾所有，然而由於實際估算變更後地價不易，因此藉由實際土地使用變更行為（包括開發行為），利用整地後地價反推變更後地價，其中同時考慮投資報酬觀點，透過數學模型的建立來說明土地使用變更利得分配。 　　基於對土地使用變更利得分配現況探討，利用二個個案分析現況與本研究所建立模式差異，認為土地使用變更利得分配比例應以彈性方式處理，透過給予地主（或是開發者）一合理報酬方式，計算實際可拿回可建地比例。實際上，所估算地價的不同，將影響土地分配比例。因此，建議未來應建立完善估價制度，並將土地使用變更利得分配模式予以立法加以規範，且擬訂完整具前瞻性之國土資源分派計畫，使土地使用變更利得分配更為公平合理。