Les joueurs à risque modéré et pathologiques probables représentent respectivement 1,4 % et 0,4 % de la population dans la province de Québec (Kairouz, Paradis, Nadeau, Hamel, & Robillard, 2015). Bien que prolifique, la recherche sur les trajectoires des joueurs présente plusieurs limites méthodologiques menant à l'hétérogénéité des résultats et peu d’études ont empiriquement examiné les facteurs associés aux changements dans les habitudes de jeu. Par ailleurs, il est reconnu que les évènements de vie ont un impact sur le développement de la psychopathologie (Brown & Harris, 1989). L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier la façon dont les joueurs évoluent au fil du temps en fonction de la gravité de leurs comportements de jeu et des conséquences néfastes, et d'examiner de manière prospective les associations entre les évènements de vie et la sévérité des problèmes de jeu. Au cours d’un suivi de deux ans, comprenant trois temps de mesure, 179 joueurs sélectionnés à partir d'une enquête populationnelle ont été répartis dans quatre groupes (non-problème, à faible risque, à risque modéré et les joueurs pathologiques probables) selon leur score à l’indice canadien du jeu excessif (Ferris et al, 2001). La présence d'évènements de vie a également été évaluée chaque année. Nos analyses révèlent que les joueurs à risque modéré sont très hétérogènes, tant dans leur composition que dans leur évolution. Les joueurs pathologiques restent vulnérables et sont à risque de vivre des problèmes de jeu chroniques au fil du temps. Nos analyses ont également montré que certains évènements de vie spécifiques liés à la sphère professionnelle, financière, sociale et aux habitudes de vie, ainsi que le nombre cumulé d'évènements de vie, sont prospectivement associés à un niveau plus élevé de sévérité des problèmes de jeu un an plus tard. Cette thèse montre ainsi l'importance de tenir compte des spécificités du groupe des joueurs à risque modéré dans les programmes de prévention secondaire et de favoriser la continuité des soins et la prévention des rechutes dans les programmes de traitement. De plus, les circonstances sociales et le stress affectent les trajectoires de jeu et doivent également être pris en compte dans le champ de la prévention secondaire et du traitement. / Moderate risk and problem gamblers in the Province of Quebec represent 1.4% and 0.4% of the population, respectively (Kairouz et al., 2015). Albeit prolific, the research on gamblers’ trajectories has been hampered by several methodological shortcomings leading to heterogeneity in results. Moreover, few have empirically investigated factors that were associated with change. However, it is known that life events or significant changes in people's life have an impact on the development of psychopathology (Brown & Harris, 1989). The purpose of this thesis is to explore the ways in which gamblers evolve over time depending on the severity of their gambling behaviors and harmful consequences, and to examine prospectively associations between life events and problem gambling severity. Using a two-year follow-up prospective design including three measurement waves, 179 gamblers selected from a representative survey divided into the four categories (non-problem, low-risk, moderate-risk, and problem gamblers) of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (Ferris et al., 2001) were examined. Occurrence of life events was also assessed annually. Our analyses reveal that the moderate-risk gamblers are highly heterogeneous, both in their composition and their evolution. Problem gamblers remain vulnerable and are at-risk of experiencing chronic problems over time. Cross-lagged analyses showed that some specific life events related to work, financial, social and lifestyle arenas, as well as the cumulative number of life events, were prospectively associated with an increase in severity of problem gambling 12-months later. Thus, this dissertation shows the significance of addressing sub-group specificities in secondary prevention programs, and the necessity for continuity of cares and relapse prevention in treatment programs. Moreover, social circumstances and stress affect gambling trajectories and need to be taken into account in secondary prevention and treatment.

I Role of Behavioral Finance in Portfolio Investment Decisions: Evidence from India Abstract Extreme volatility has plagued financial markets worldwide since the 2008 Global Crisis. Investor sentiment has been one of the key determinants of market movements. In this context, studying the role played by emotions like fear, greed and anticipation, in shaping up investment decisions seemed important. Behavioral Finance is an evolving field that studies how psychological factors affect decision making under uncertainty. This thesis seeks to find the influence of certain identified behavioral finance concepts (or biases), namely, Overconfidence, Representativeness, Herding, Anchoring, Cognitive Dissonance, Regret Aversion, Gamblers' Fallacy, Mental Accounting, and Hindsight Bias, on the decision making process of individual investors in the Indian Stock Market. Primary data for analysis was gathered by distributing a structured questionnaire among investors who were categorized as (i) young, and (ii) experienced. Results obtained by analyzing a sample of 92 respondents, out of which 53 admitted to having suffered a loss of at least 30% because of the crisis, revealed that the degree of exposure to the biases separated the behavioral pattern of young and experienced investors. Gamblers' Fallacy, Anchoring and...

Background: This study was driven by the belief in the need to expand our understanding of the experience of people with problem gambling. Although there are increasing studies in explaining problem gambling, there is a lack of studies from a meaning-making perspective. Most of the existing models explaining problem gambling place less emphasis on the surrounding system, such as family and peers, which may have an interactive relationship with one’s gambling behaviour. Besides, gambling studies with a focus on culture often involve participants of minority groups and non-mainstream status, which is different from the local context in a Chinese-dominant country. Hence it is worthwhile to understand people with problem gambling in the local context by consideration of their meaning-making toward gambling and their interaction with surrounding systems. Objectives: The study aims to develop understanding of the indigenous pathway(s) of becoming problem gamblers and how such problem behaviour is maintained. The main focuses of this study are how do males develop from social gamblers to problem gamblers, how do they experience themselves as problem gamblers, how may the differences in experiences result in different consequences, and what are some possible factors that initiate and maintain such process. Methods: With reference to the theoretical framework of symbolic interactionism, a qualitative research methodology was employed. In-depth interviews were conducted to allow the researcher to listen to the stories and the subjective experiences of the participants. A rich pool of data in the forms of narratives and sketches of gambling history timelines was collected. QSR NVIVO software was used to help data analysis. Results: The findings revealed how these men experienced the relationship with gambling and made meaning toward their gambling behaviour. Six stages, engagement, enjoyment, immersion, entrapment, separation and termination, were identified with reference to their meaning-making toward gambling. It was identified that there are dynamic interactions among the relationship with gambling, intra-personal relationship and interpersonal relationships in each stage. Vulnerability factors, maintenance factors and exiting factors, which have their roles in driving individuals from one stage to another, were identified and used as significant indicators for the typology of people with gambling problems. This study constructed a five-group typology: a chronic emptiness group, an overly-dependent group, an overly self-demanding group, a prolonged interpersonal distressed group and a brief and intensely distressed group. A process model of Chinese Hong Kong male problem gambling was proposed, which has significant implications for theoretical knowledge and practice. Conclusion: This study makes a significant contribution by widening our understanding of the experience of people with problem gambling. It informs us of the important role of meaning making toward gambling and what purpose gambling has served for the people. Meanwhile, it proposes the importance of looking into the interaction dynamics among one’s relationship with gambling, intrapersonal relationship and interpersonal relationships. / published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

This dissertation consists of three essays on the role of social values in financial markets. Chapter 1 uses geographic variation in religious concentration to identify the effect of people's gambling behavior in financial market settings. We argue that religious background predicts people's gambling propensity, and that gambling propensity carries over into their behavior in financial markets. We test this conjecture in various financial market settings and find that the predominant local religion predicts variation in investors' propensity to hold stocks with lottery features, in the prevalence of broad-based employee stock option plans, in first-day returns to initial public offerings, and in the magnitude of the negative lottery-stock return premium. Collectively, our findings indicate that religious beliefs regarding the acceptability of gambling impact investors' portfolio choices, corporate decisions, and stock returns. In Chapter 2 I examine the impact of social norms against holding certain types of stocks (e.g. "sin stocks", or stocks with lottery features) on trading decisions and portfolio performance. I argue that trades which deviate from social norms are likely to reflect stronger information. Consistent with this hypothesis, I find that the most gambling-averse institutions earn high abnormal returns on their holdings of lottery stocks, outperforming the holdings of the most gambling-tolerant institutions. An analysis of institutions' sin stock holdings provides complementary evidence using another dimension of social norms, supporting the hypothesis that trades which deviate from norms reflect stronger information. In the third essay, we conjecture that people feel more optimistic about the economy and stock market when their own political party is in power. We find supporting evidence from Gallup survey data and analyze brokerage account data to confirm the impact of time-varying optimism on investors' portfolio choices. When the political climate is aligned with their political preferences, investors maintain higher systematic risk exposure while trading less frequently. When the opposite party is in power, investors exhibit stronger behavioral biases and make worse investment decisions. Investors improve their raw portfolio performance when their own party is in power, but the risk-adjusted improvement is economically small. / text

published_or_final_version / Journalism and Media Studies Centre / Master / Master of Journalism

published_or_final_version / abstract / Psychiatry / Master / Master of Philosophy

A phenomenological-hermeneutic method of study was employed to ascertain whether archetypal psychology could contribute to the biopsychosocial model's understanding of gambling pathology. After analysis, four-stage process was brought to light, consisting of 16 themes. These themes chronologically illustrated the journey of becoming and recovering from pathological gambling disorder from inception to the present day. Equally, these themes illustrated developmental aspects of the individuation process and displayed how the archetypes' manifestation and integration helped to restore ego functioning leading to an established and sustained recovery process. In all, these stages demonstrate and suggest that archetypal psychology can make a viable contribution to the biopsychosocial model's understanding of gambling pathology. Therefore, the study's findings may support further study between archetypal psychology and gambling pathology, as this perspective may have important insights toward helping pathological gamblers gain a foothold on their addictive process leading to a meaningful and purposive future. / ix, 232 leaves ; 29 cm.

Problem gambling is best understood from a biopsychosocial perspective, whereby multifaceted biological, psychological, and socio-environmental factors interact in ways that may lead to individual risk. Reinforcement contingencies and operant conditioning appear to play particularly important etiological roles. Theoretically, operant conditioning approaches should therefore comprise particularly effective treatment strategies. While operant conditioning in the form of contingency management is known to be an effective treatment for alcohol and substance abuse, it has never been applied by clinical practitioners in community-based treatment for problem gambling. The present pilot study explored the utility of adding concrete reward contingencies to community outpatient treatment, from the perspectives of clinical effectiveness and client/counsellor experiences. At 3-month follow-up, clinical outcomes compared well to typical treatment outcomes, and treatment retention appeared to be superior. Participating clients perceived concrete rewards to be moderately effective in the change process, while active therapist acceptance of this technique appeared to be limited. / xi, 186 leaves ; 29 cm. --

There is an extensive range of problems and maladaptive behaviours for which people may seek counselling. One of these is problem gambling. The extent of gambling in the community and the incidence of gambling problems have become issues of great concern to many in the Australian community. Counselling in the face-to-face setting may not be available or appropriate for some individuals with gambling difficulties. Potential barriers to the provision of counselling services for problem gamblers means that innovative techniques for counselling service delivery must be developed and evaluated. Provision of counselling services using modern telecommunications technology is one such innovative strategy. (For complete abstract open document)

Thesis (Ph.D.) (Psychology) -- University of Western Sydney, 2002. / A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Psychology), December, 2002. Bibliography : p. 246-260.