Studies have been conducted in both the United States (US) and Argentina to validate the Spanish version of the Gamblers’ Beliefs Questionnaire (GBQ-S). While similar factor structures of the GBQ-S were found in these studies, more detailed measurement invariance has not been explored. Determining measurement invariance across cultural groups would aid researchers in understanding what types of comparisons on latent constructs can be validly made between cultures using the GBQ-S. A secondary analysis was completed with data from two prior studies in Spanish-speaking samples from the US and Argentina. A modified baseline model that captured the two latent factors of Illusion of Control and Luck/Perseverance was selected for invariance testing. The evaluation of measurement invariance within a structural equation modeling framework established configural and metric, but not scalar, invariance. The GBQ-S can be validly used to measure the same latent variables across groups with comparable strengths between its items and factors; however, latent mean comparisons across groups may require further measurement refinement. The GBQ-S demonstrated notable degrees of measurement invariance between markedly different samples, providing further evidence for the existence of similar constructs and portability of the GBQ-S across populations.

No description available.

<p>The aim of this study is to gain an increased knowledge and deeper understanding of compulsive gambling and its consequences in today‟s society. Gambling addiction will be described and analysed by a selection of experts, therapists and people with an addictive gambling background. The basis of the empirical research has been undertaken by a qualitative design with interviews consisting of three fundamental themes. The research group of eight participants included four gamblers, two therapists and two specialists. The knowledge perspective focused on the entire „hermenuetisk‟ circle - before, during and after a gambling period. The entry phase into a gambling game showed the reality in which the gambler could feel alive and excited. When participating in gambling, addicts are mentally active and engaged. Therefore, they often experience a sense of being good at what they are doing, which provides them with a purpose. However, the post gambling period sees this sense of meaningfulness dissolve into feelings of guilt, anxiety and failure. During the rehabilitation gamblers experienced anxiety and a powerful lure to play, but if these feelings are conquered they finally feel a sense of release and freedom from gambling. The psychological study showed that the power of gambling provided addicts with a short-term feeling of strength and belonging, as their gambling experiences created an identity. A social study focuses on the gambler‟s own interpretations of their gambling experiences. This provides an insight into the gamblers reality that governs the behavioural patterns of an addict. According to a cognitive perspective, various emotional events provide gamblers with fulfilment during the gambling and then either euphoria from winning or disillusionment from losing.<em></em></p> / <p>Studiens syftet var att få ökad kunskap och förståelsen kring spelberoende i dagens samhälle samt följder därav. Följande övergripande frågeställning var i fokus: Hur beskriver och kommenterar ett urval av experter, behandlare samt personer med spelberoendebakgrund sina erfarenheter av spelproblematiken idag? Forskningsunderlagets empiriska material har bearbetats utifrån en kvalitativ design med intervjuer bestående av tre grundläggande teman på åtta deltagare varav fyra brukare, två behandlare och två specialister. Det epistemologiska synsättet fokuserades på helheten av karakteriserande tolkning utifrån en hermenuetisk cirkel samt tematisering före, under och efter en spelperiod. Vägen in i spel visade den faktiska verkligheten som innebar att få uppleva sig själv som existerande. Att spela innebar att vara duktig, aktiv och engagerande men att spela i ett senare skede innebar att meningsfullhet förbyttes mot skuldkänslor, ångest och misslyckande. Vägen ut ur spel visade en falsk känsla av beständighet, att må dåligt under behandlingstiden, känna ångest och ha spelsug men som förbyttes till befrielse efter behandlingen. I existentialistiskt perspektiv visade resultatet att makten över spelet innebar kraft och styrka genom att spelaren byggde upp sin identitet på optimala upplevelser. Utifrån socalkonstruktivistisk perspektiv speglades omgivande faktorer genom spelarens egen tolkning, och upplevelsen var att verkligheten utgjorde den kunskap som styrde beteendet. Enligt kognitivt perspektiv var strukturer sammankopplade i en process som innebar en positiv förankring men som i ett senare skede innebar lust eller olustkänslor.</p>

The aim of this study is to gain an increased knowledge and deeper understanding of compulsive gambling and its consequences in today‟s society. Gambling addiction will be described and analysed by a selection of experts, therapists and people with an addictive gambling background. The basis of the empirical research has been undertaken by a qualitative design with interviews consisting of three fundamental themes. The research group of eight participants included four gamblers, two therapists and two specialists. The knowledge perspective focused on the entire „hermenuetisk‟ circle - before, during and after a gambling period. The entry phase into a gambling game showed the reality in which the gambler could feel alive and excited. When participating in gambling, addicts are mentally active and engaged. Therefore, they often experience a sense of being good at what they are doing, which provides them with a purpose. However, the post gambling period sees this sense of meaningfulness dissolve into feelings of guilt, anxiety and failure. During the rehabilitation gamblers experienced anxiety and a powerful lure to play, but if these feelings are conquered they finally feel a sense of release and freedom from gambling. The psychological study showed that the power of gambling provided addicts with a short-term feeling of strength and belonging, as their gambling experiences created an identity. A social study focuses on the gambler‟s own interpretations of their gambling experiences. This provides an insight into the gamblers reality that governs the behavioural patterns of an addict. According to a cognitive perspective, various emotional events provide gamblers with fulfilment during the gambling and then either euphoria from winning or disillusionment from losing. / Studiens syftet var att få ökad kunskap och förståelsen kring spelberoende i dagens samhälle samt följder därav. Följande övergripande frågeställning var i fokus: Hur beskriver och kommenterar ett urval av experter, behandlare samt personer med spelberoendebakgrund sina erfarenheter av spelproblematiken idag? Forskningsunderlagets empiriska material har bearbetats utifrån en kvalitativ design med intervjuer bestående av tre grundläggande teman på åtta deltagare varav fyra brukare, två behandlare och två specialister. Det epistemologiska synsättet fokuserades på helheten av karakteriserande tolkning utifrån en hermenuetisk cirkel samt tematisering före, under och efter en spelperiod. Vägen in i spel visade den faktiska verkligheten som innebar att få uppleva sig själv som existerande. Att spela innebar att vara duktig, aktiv och engagerande men att spela i ett senare skede innebar att meningsfullhet förbyttes mot skuldkänslor, ångest och misslyckande. Vägen ut ur spel visade en falsk känsla av beständighet, att må dåligt under behandlingstiden, känna ångest och ha spelsug men som förbyttes till befrielse efter behandlingen. I existentialistiskt perspektiv visade resultatet att makten över spelet innebar kraft och styrka genom att spelaren byggde upp sin identitet på optimala upplevelser. Utifrån socalkonstruktivistisk perspektiv speglades omgivande faktorer genom spelarens egen tolkning, och upplevelsen var att verkligheten utgjorde den kunskap som styrde beteendet. Enligt kognitivt perspektiv var strukturer sammankopplade i en process som innebar en positiv förankring men som i ett senare skede innebar lust eller olustkänslor.

published_or_final_version / Criminology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Despite the implementation of legal prohibitions and regulatory policies to limit the commercial availability of lottery products to minors, published research continues to document a high prevalence of participation in and ease of access to lottery playing amongst adolescents. This study systematically investigated the influence of individual-level factors in vendor compliance with youth access statutes and policies for lottery and alcohol products. Six underage youths each attempted to purchase a lottery ticket, a beer, or both products together in the same 313 convenience stores, for a total of 1,219 purchase attempts. The results revealed that only a moderate proportion of vendors surveyed in this study were compliant with existing statutes and policies, and that gender and vendor age variables playa significant role in youth purchasing of lottery tickets and alcohol. These findings were interpreted in terms of their implications for strengthening regulatory policies and future research.

No description available.

No description available.

The objectives of this study were to provide a detailed biopsychosocial description of the characteristics of a sample of 100 individuals screened and referred by the National Responsible Gaming Programme helpline for their outpatient treatment programme over an eighteen month period, and, importantly, to measure the success of this specific treatment programme at set intervals, up to a one year follow-up period. While 80% of the sample did not relapse during the six-week treatment programme, the number of treatment seekers without any gambling relapses during each follow-up period declined, and those falling back into gambling increased as time went on. After one year 47% of treatment seekers managed not to revert back to gambling &#8211; total abstinence. A further 28% reported having relapsed once or twice or that their gambling was controlled. 25% of treatment seekers reported that they reverted back to gambling fulltime which leaves the success rate of the treatment at 75%. Treatment seekers reported an overall reduction in gambling participation, debt and expenditure and an overall improvement in social and vocational functioning. There is evidence in this study to support the perspective that pathological gambling is a multidimensional disorder and that certain sub-groups of gamblers have distinct gambling behaviour. / Psychology / M.Soc.Sc.

The objectives of this study were to provide a detailed biopsychosocial description of the characteristics of a sample of 100 individuals screened and referred by the National Responsible Gaming Programme helpline for their outpatient treatment programme over an eighteen month period, and, importantly, to measure the success of this specific treatment programme at set intervals, up to a one year follow-up period. While 80% of the sample did not relapse during the six-week treatment programme, the number of treatment seekers without any gambling relapses during each follow-up period declined, and those falling back into gambling increased as time went on. After one year 47% of treatment seekers managed not to revert back to gambling &#8211; total abstinence. A further 28% reported having relapsed once or twice or that their gambling was controlled. 25% of treatment seekers reported that they reverted back to gambling fulltime which leaves the success rate of the treatment at 75%. Treatment seekers reported an overall reduction in gambling participation, debt and expenditure and an overall improvement in social and vocational functioning. There is evidence in this study to support the perspective that pathological gambling is a multidimensional disorder and that certain sub-groups of gamblers have distinct gambling behaviour. / Psychology / M.Soc.Sc.