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Objective: The Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP) became operational in 1952; it is located in the western part of Kentucky. We conducted a mortality study for adverse health effects that workers may have suffered while working at the plant, including exposures to chemicals. Materials and Methods: We studied a cohort of 6820 workers at the PGDP for the period 1953 to 2003; there were a total of 1672 deaths to cohort members. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a specific concern for this workforce; exposure to TCE occurred primarily in departments that clean the process equipment. The Life Table Analysis System (LTAS) program developed by NIOSH was used to calculate the standardized mortality ratios for the worker cohort and standardized rate ratio relative to exposure to TCE (the U.S. population is the referent for age-adjustment). LTAS calculated a significantly low overall SMR for these workers of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.72-0.79). A further review of three major cancers of interest to Kentucky produced significantly low SMR for trachea, bronchus, lung cancer (0.75, 95% CI: 0.72-0.79) and high SMR for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (1.49, 95% CI: 1.02-2.10). Results: No significant SMR was observed for leukemia and no significant SRRs were observed for any disease. Both the leukemia and lung cancer results were examined and determined to refect regional mortality patterns. However, the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma finding suggests a curious amplification when living cases are included with the mortality experience. Conclusions: Further examination is recommended of this recurrent finding from all three U.S. Gaseous Diffusion plants.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2002. / Title from title page screen (viewed Feb. 26, 2003). Thesis advisor: Sherry Cable. Document formatted into pages (x, 99 p. : 1 ill.). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-85).

The Jackson Purchase region of western Kentucky consists of Coastal Plain sediments near the northern margin of the Mississippi Embayment. Within this region is the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP), a uranium enrichment facility operated by the US Department of Energy. At PGDP, a Superfund site, soil and groundwater studies have provided subsurface lithologic data from hundreds of monitoring wells and borings. Despite preliminary efforts by various contractors, these data have not been utilized to develop detailed stratigraphic correlations of sedimentary units across the study area. In addition, sedimentary exposures along streams in the vicinity of PGDP have not been systematically described beyond the relatively simple geologic quadrangle maps published by the US Geological Survey in 196667. This study integrates lithologic logs, other previous site-investigation data, and outcrop mapping to provide a compilation of near-surface lithologic and stratigraphic data for the PGDP area. A database of borehole data compiled during this study has been provided to PGDP for future research and archival. Developments in understanding near-surface geology include the adoption of nomenclature used by the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS), which separates the Continental Deposits into two distinct units, the Mounds Gravel and Metropolis Formation, based on their unique depositional histories. Additionally, faulting presented on the preliminary Joppa (IL) 7.5-minute quadrangle map, but not mapped on the Joppa (KY) 7.5-minute quadrangle map, appears to have impacted deposition of post-Eocene sediments at the site. These faults are co-linear to zones of irregularity noted in the Cretaceous McNairy Formation structure elevation map created during this study, thick zones of the Mounds Gravel noted in an isopach map from this study, and contaminant plume maps created previously by contractors.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The content of sulfur compounds in asphalt is related to parameters of quality as reactivity, corrosiveness, toxicity and potential polluter, among others. In this work, a method for simultaneous determination of inorganic and organic low molecular weight sulfur compounds was developed. The analytes were stripped from asphaltic samples by gaseous diffusion. For the simultaneous determination of inorganic (20 to 100 μg L-1) and organics (80 to 400 μg L-1) sulfides, Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric (CSV) was used, with the mercury electrode operating at the HMDE mode in hydrazine 0.05 mol L-1 pH 2.3 solution as support electrolyte. The same conditions were used to speciate methanethiol (25 to 125 μg L-1) and propanethiol (30 to 150 μg L-1) through curve derivation. The calculated quantification limits were 0.22 μg L-1 for inorganic sulfide, 0.30 μg L-1 for organic sulfides; 1.08 μg L-1 for methanethiol and 0.16 μg L-1 for propanethiol. For studies concerning gaseous diffusion in asphaltic matrices, H2SO4 1.5 mol L-1 (ionic strength 4.5 mol L-1) was used as donor solution and NaOH 0,1 mol L -1 as the acceptor one. Diffusion intervals of 20 and 30 minutes under stirring were used to separate the analytes from the matrices. For crude asphalt samples, recoveries of 49% for organic sulfides and 100% for inorganic sulfide were obtained and, 40% for organic sulfides and 83% for inorganic sulfide were obtained for asphalt fraction samples. / O teor de compostos de enxofre em asfalto tem relação com parâmetros de qualidade como reatividade, corrosibilidade, toxicidade e potencial poluidor. Neste trabalho, um método para a determinação simultânea de compostos de enxofre inorgânico e orgânicos de baixo peso molecular foi desenvolvido. A separação dos analitos das amostras asfálticas foi realizada por difusão gasosa. Para a determinação simultânea de sulfetos inorgânico (20 a 100 Qg L−1) e orgânicos (80 a 400 Qg L−1), utilizou-se a voltametria de redissolução catódica, com eletrodo de mercúrio no modo HMDE, em hidrazina 0,05 mol L−1 pH 2,3. As mesmas condições foram utilizadas para a especiação de metanotiol (25 a 125 Qg L−1) e propanotiol (30 a 150 Qg L−1) através da derivação dos sinais. Os limites de quantificação calculados foram de 0,22 Qg L−1 para sulfeto inorgânico, 0,30 Qg L−1 para sulfetos orgânicos, 1,08 Qg L−1 para metanotiol e 0,16 Qg L−1 para propanotiol. Nos estudos envolvendo a difusão gasosa em matrizes asfálticas utilizou-se H2SO4 1,5 mol L−1 (força iônica 4,5 mol L−1) como solução doadora e NaOH 0,1 mol L−1 como solução receptora. Intervalos de difusão de 20 e 30 minutos sob agitação mecânica foram utilizados para separação dos analitos das matrizes. Para asfalto bruto, recuperações de 49% para sulfetos orgânicos e 100% para sulfeto inorgânico foram obtidos e, para asfalto fracionado recuperações de 40% para sulfetos orgânicos e 83% para sulfeto inorgânico.

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