published_or_final_version / Literary and Cultural Studies / Master / Master of Arts

丁毓玲. / "2000年2月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2000. / 參考文獻 (leaves 106-112) / 附中英文摘要. / "2000 nian 2 yue" / Ding Yuling. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2000. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 106-112) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 致謝 --- p.vi / 摘要 --- p.viii / 地圖 --- p.x / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.1 / 福建的人類學研究 --- p.3 / 中國人類學的婦女研究 --- p.6 / 人類學的性别研究與本文的理論架構 --- p.11 / 研究方法 --- p.17 / 本文章節安排 --- p.19 / Chapter 第二章 --- 潯埔村的現狀與歷史背景 --- p.21 / 潯埔村現狀 --- p.21 / 潯埔村的村落歷史 --- p.23 / 從裝束看潯埔人的族屬 --- p.27 / Chapter 第三章 --- 經濟活動與性别 --- p.33 / 1949年以前：女性經濟地位的奠定時期 --- p.34 / 1949´ؤ1980年：女性生産組織確立了她們獨立的經濟身份 --- p.43 / 1980年以後：女性經濟實力的提高和社會性别的認同 --- p.48 / 經濟與性别角色 --- p.52 / Chapter 第四章 --- 家庭、村落文化和女性 --- p.59 / 家庭的角色分配 --- p.60 / 女性文化氛圍的營造 --- p.64 / 中國傳統文化和潯埔地方文化的關係 --- p.70 / Chapter 第五章 --- 宗教活動 --- p.78 / 潯埔的神明 --- p.79 / 佛教會及其組織者 --- p.84 / 從佛教會到媽祖宮董事會 --- p.90 / 佛教會和其他地方組織的關係 --- p.94 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結語 --- p.101 / 參考書目 --- p.106

Tang Wai Man. / Thesis submitted in: June 2003. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-196). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Introduction / Background / Literature Review / Methodology / The Contribution of this Thesis / The Structure of the Thesis / Personal Statement / Chapter 2 --- The Formation of the Gay Christian Identity (I) --- p.46 / Acquiring a Christian Identity vs. Acquiring a Gay Identity in Hong Kong ´ؤ A Comparison of the Processes / Case Studies - Facing the Gay Identity in the Hong Kong Context / Reasons for Entering the Liminal Stage / Chapter 3 --- The Formation of the Gay Christian Identity (II) --- p.74 / Separation / Transition / Reincorporation / Conclusion / Chapter 4 --- The Individual Expression of the Gay Christian Identity --- p.104 / Changing Attitudes towards God and their Subsequent Expression / Changing Attitudes towards Sexuality and their Subsequent Expression / Conclusion / Chapter 5 --- The Group Dynamics of the BMCF (I) --- p.132 / Maintaining the Differences with Outsiders / Chapter 6 --- The Group Dynamics of the BMCF (II) --- p.155 / Maintaining Unity in the BMCF / A Conflict between the Conservative and the Liberal in BMCF / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.182 / Conclusion / Hong Kong Gay Christians and Modernity / Future Prospects of Hong Kong Gay Christians / Bibliography --- p.194

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Philosophy

[Truncated abstract] Since the late 1970s, the phrase that has captured the imagination of China's enormous socio-economic change is kaifang (opening up). This phrase signals not only a series of state-directed projects to make China a 'modern' nation, but also a self-conscious desire to find a new sense of national importance and 'Chineseness'. This nationalist self-consciousness is not new, but it indicates a desire to leave China's socialist past behind and become a world power in the new millennium. This thesis explores the complex and heightened manifestations of national pride and identity that have emerged since the era of opening up. Its central question examines how a renewed form of Chineseness, with a specific focus on a fresh form of Chinese same-sex identity, is articulated in both nationalist and globalist terms, with particular reference to China's opening up. This thesis thus contributes to an understanding of how Chinese same-sex identity in urban China is variously constructed and celebrated; how it is transformed; and how it presents its resistances in the context of China's opening up to the mighty flux of globalisation. In doing so, the research illuminates how seemingly modern and authentic Chinese gay and lesbian identities in urban China come into being at the intersection of certain competing discourses. These discourses are predominantly represented in the contexts of 1) an increasingly globalised gay culture, 2) the ongoing construction of an indigenous Chinese identity, 3) a hybridised transnational/Chinese identity, and 4) the emergence of a gay space in Chinese cyberspace. By indicating how these discourses are simultaneously globalised, localised and deterritorialised, and are necessarily entangled with global power relations, I demonstrate how an essentialised notion of Chinese same-sex identity is continuously transformed by the imaginary power of China's opening up to broader contexts. I conclude that it is within the paradigm of China's opening up to the current globalising world that same-sex identity in urban China, as a rapidly changing notion, can best be understood. ... To an extent, the articulation of seemingly modern and authentic Chinese gay and lesbian identities in urban China is in a state of continuous tension between opening up to a global identity and preserving a local authenticity. Furthermore, the development of these gay and lesbian identities is conditioned and regulated by political thought and action. In this way, political conditioning ensures control and conformity in the articulation of Chinese (same-sex) identity in a self-censored (or ziwo shencha) manner. Most fundamentally, self-censorship is practised more effectively at an individual level than at a state level. Against this background, I argue that the articulation of same-sex identity in urban China is paradoxical: open and decentred, but at the same time, nationalist and conforming to state control.

Kwan Chi-fai. / "June 2000." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 248-265). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

by Chen Siu-ling Eve. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-90). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / by Chen Siu-ling Eve. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.v / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.ix / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Gender Research in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- "Gender Role Orientation, Adjustment and Psychological Well-being" --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Objectives and Significance --- p.4 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Definitions and Terminology / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Defining Sex and Gender --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Defining Gender Role Orientation --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Defining Gender Type --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Defining Gender Stereotypes --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Defining Depressive Symptoms and School Misbehaviors --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Conceptualization / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Adolescent Development and Psychological Adjustment --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Gender Type and Adjustment --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Gender Stereotypes and Adjustment --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Gender Typing and Adjustment --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Gender Typing and Emotion Expression Socialization --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Gender Role and Adjustment --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Chinese Culture and Adjustment --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3 --- Gender Role Orientation Differences in Psychological Well-being --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4 --- "Masculinity, Femininity and Psychological Well-being" --- p.38 / Chapter 2.5 --- Research Questions --- p.40 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- RESEARCH METHOD --- p.42 / Chapter 3.1 --- Subjects --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2 --- Procedures --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3 --- Instruments / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Gender Role Orientation --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Depressive Symptoms --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- School Misbehaviors --- p.47 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RESULTS --- p.48 / Chapter 4.1 --- Analyses of the Categorical Variables / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms and Misbehaviors --- p.53 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Gender Role Orientation Differences in Depressive Symptoms and Misbehaviors --- p.54 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Gender Type Differences in Depressive Symptoms and Misbehaviors --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2 --- Analyses of the Continuous Variables / Chapter 4.2.1 --- "Relations among Masculinity, Femininity, Depressive Symptoms and Misbehaviors" --- p.51 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- DISCUSSION --- p.64 / Chapter 5.1 --- Answers to the Research Questions / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Which Gender Role Orientation Adjusts Better Generally? --- p.65 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Which Gender Type Adjusts Better Specifically? --- p.66 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Which Adjustment Theory is Best Applied to Adolescentsin the Chinese Society of Hong Kong? --- p.66 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Do Depressive Symptoms and School Misbehaviors Predict Each Other? --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Does Masculinity or Femininity Act as a Predictor of Adjustment? --- p.69 / Chapter 5.2 --- Educational Implications of Research Findings / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Gender Education Programmes --- p.71 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Single Sex Schooling --- p.73 / Chapter 5.3 --- Contributions --- p.75 / Chapter 5.4 --- Limitations of the Study --- p.76 / Chapter 5.5 --- Directions for Future Research --- p.77 / REFERENCES --- p.79 / APPENDIX --- p.91

Kam Yip Lo Lucetta. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-207). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter ONE --- INTRODUCTION: THE GENDERS THAT HAVE NO NAMES --- p.1 / After the Title: Some Linguistic Troubles --- p.2 / Who are masculine women? --- p.4 / Research Areas --- p.5 / Methodology --- p.6 / Informants --- p.11 / Relations: Informants and the Researcher --- p.18 / Chapter TWO --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.21 / Overview --- p.22 / Ethnographic Studies --- p.27 / Queer Studies --- p.30 / Chinese Gender Studies --- p.36 / Living Genders in Contexts --- p.39 / Chapter THREE --- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK --- p.41 / The Sex/Gender Framework --- p.43 / The Destabilization of Sex --- p.47 / The Gender Which is Performative --- p.51 / The Identity Forever in Motion --- p.56 / After the Earthquake: Birth at the Rupture --- p.62 / Chapter FOUR --- GENDER DISCOURSES IN HONG KONG --- p.65 / The Cultural Superiority of Masculinity --- p.71 / Tomboy as a Phase Before Mature Femininity --- p.74 / The Degenderization of Ageing Women --- p.75 / Masculine women are lesbians --- p.78 / Defeminization as a Protective Strategy Against Male Sexual Assault --- p.80 / Women with a plain and practical dressing style are the capable work type --- p.83 / Masculine women are easy-going and can be buddies to both sexes --- p.85 / Failed Adulthood --- p.86 / Failed Womanhood --- p.86 / Women dress and behave like men are pathological beings --- p.88 / Women dress and behave like men want to be men and be a rival to men --- p.89 / Negotiations in the Media --- p.90 / Chapter FIVE --- TACKLING LABELS： PUBLIC NAMES AND SELF RECOGNITIONS --- p.99 / The Public Labels --- p.100 / Self Recognitions --- p.108 / Chapter SIX --- ACCOMMODATING MASCULINITIES： NEGOTIATIONS IN FAMILY AND THE PUBLIC --- p.119 / Family --- p.120 / Public Mis-recognition --- p.148 / Chapter SEVEN --- ACCOMMODATING MASCULINITIES: NEGOTIATIONS IN LOVE AND SOCIAL NETWORKS --- p.162 / Courting Relationship --- p.162 / Social Networks --- p.169 / Chapter EIGHT --- RECOGNITIONS THROUGH MIS-RECONGTION --- p.191 / The Engendering Process --- p.192 / Theory and Living Practices --- p.194 / The Mere Facts of Mis-recognition --- p.197 / New Significations of Masculinity --- p.198 / Bibliography --- p.201 / Appendix 1: Profile of the Researcher --- p.208 / Appendix 2: Negotiating Gender: An On-going Dialogue Between Selves --- p.211

Die vorliegende Arbeit ist eine ethnografische Studie über uigurische Minkaohan Frauen, die in Urumchi, der Provinzhauptstadt des Uigurischen Autonomen Gebietes Xinjiang in Chinas Nordwesten leben. Der Fokus der Untersuchung liegt auf der dritten Generation von Minkaohan, die in den späten 1990er-Jahren bis in die frühen 2000er-Jahre an Han Schulen mit Chinesisch als Unterrichtssprache ausgebildet wurden. Über einen Zeitraum von neun Monaten wurden mit den Methoden der Teilnehmenden Beobachtung und der Durchführung von Interviews in Urumchi Daten gesammelt. Zu den Hauptthemen, die sich in der Analyse der Feldforschungsdaten herausbildeten, gehören die uigurische Sprachkompetenz, die Wahl von Heiratspartnern, das Erlernen von weiblichem Geschlechterrollen, das Verständnis von muslimischem Glauben und der Konsum von globaler Populärkultur als Versuch Unabhängigkeit und Selbstbestimmung zu erhalten. Dabei spielt die inneruigurische Vorstellung einer starren Minkaohan/Minkaomin Binarität, in der Minkaomin-Sein mit normativ- authentischem und Minkoahan-Sein mit anormalem Uigurischsein gleichsetzt wird, eine wichtige Rolle. Die Begriffe „Minkaohan“ und „Minkaomin“ sind als diskursive Kategorien zu verstehen, die in einen größeren sozio-ökonomischen und politischen Kontext von Uiguren als eine ethnische Minderheit in der Volksrepublik China eingebettet sind. Es wird untersucht, wie Minkaohan Frauen den Diskurs einer Minkaohan/Minkaomin Binarität wahrnehmen, hinterfragen und diesen in den staatlichen Mehrheitsdiskurs einordnen, um sich Selbst (Self) und den Anderen (Other) neu zu positionieren. Die vorliegende Studie zielt darauf ab die Diversität innerhalb der uigurischen Gesellschaft in China näher zu beleuchten. Diese wird nicht nur vom chinesischen Diskurs über Uiguren, sondern auch oft von der westlichen akademischen Wissenschaft, die sich auf die Beziehung zwischen Uiguren und Han Chinesen konzentriert, vernachlässigt. / The present work is an ethnographic study of young Uyghur minkaohan women living in Urumchi, the capital city of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) in China’s far northwest. The focus of this study lies on a third generation of minkaohan who were educated at Han Chinese schools (with Mandarin as the medium of instruction) around the turn of the new millennium. Participant observation and interviews were conducted over a nine-month period of fieldwork in Urumchi. The main themes that emerged from the analysis of the fieldwork data include: managing language competence; choosing a marriage partner; learning about normative female gender roles; defining a personal understanding of religious belief and practice, as well as consuming global popular culture in order to perform the ideal of an independent and self-determined woman. Inner-Uyghur notions of a fixed minkaohan/minkaomin binary, which equates being minkaomin with normative, authentic Uyghurness and being minkaohan with abnormal, exceptional Uyghurness, plays a crucial role here. The terms minkaohan and minkaomin need to be understood as discursive categories embedded in the broader socio-economic and political context of Uyghur people’s position as an ethnic minority group in the PR China. This study investigates how the women perceive, question, and utilize the idea of a minkaohan/minkaomin binary and frame it within the state’s majority/minority discourse in order to renegotiate, position, and redefine Self and Other. The broader purpose of this study is to highlight the diversity of Uyghur communities in China and focus on relations between different Uyghur communities in Urumchi – a topic, which is neglected not only by the Chinese state discourse on Uyghurs but often also by Western academic literature centered on Han-Uyghur relations.

Liong Chan-ching Mario. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-79). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.v / List of Tables --- p.vii / List of Figures --- p.ix / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Literature Review --- p.3 / Mental Health Deterioration in Unemployment Process / Is Unemployment Status Responsible for the Mental Health Deterioration / Masculine Gender Role Worsens Mental Health During Unemployment / Chapter Chapter Three --- Objectives and Hypotheses --- p.9 / Objective and Significance of the Present Study / Variables and Factors in the Study / Hypotheses / Chapter Chapter Four --- Methodology --- p.12 / Participants / Procedures / Questionnaire / Chapter Chapter Five --- Results --- p.20 / Operationalizaing Socio-economic Status and Financial Responsibility / Exploratory Factor Analysis on Gender Role Conflict Scale / Psychological Variables / Internal Consistencies of the Scales Used / "Intercorrelations Among Demographic Variables, Psychological Variables, and Psychological Distress" / Hierarchical Multiple Regression / Chapter Chapter Six --- Discussion --- p.63 / Gender Role Conflict in Action / Limitations and Further Studies / Implications and Suggestions / Conclusion / Bibliography --- p.72 / Appendix Questionnaire Used in the Present Study --- p.80