The purpose of the study was to explore the statistical relationships among selected variables related to gay divorced fathers in order to develop a better understanding of their gender role conflict and help-seeking behaviors. Participants (N=105) self-identified as Caucasian (91%), resided in the United States (90%), holding a bachelor's degree or higher (80%), and annual incomes of less than $80,000 (52%). The men ranged in age from 29 to 78 (M= 54), married from 1 to 38 years (M= 18), and divorced from 5 months to just under 37 years (M= 10). Participants completed an on-line questionnaire that included (a) Gender Role Conflict Scale, (b) Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale, (c) Intentions to Seeking Counseling Inventory, (d) Hopkins Symptom Checklist, (e) two open-ended prompts, and (f) demographic questions. Participants who had received mental health services in the past were asked to report on what prompted them to seek services and the helpfulness of those services. Analysis of Pearson r was used to answer each of the research questions related to (a) GRC and psychological distress (positive correlation); (b) GRC and attitudes and intentions towards seeking psychological help (negative correlation); and (c) years married and psychological distress (negative correlation). Significance was not identified between time since divorce and any other variable. Over 80% of the participants had used mental health services with the three main reasons being coming-out, depression, and sexual identity. The most beneficial resources they had available to them and/or they would recommend to others were support groups, counseling/therapy, and general support. Findings are limited by a lack of cultural and ethnic diversity among the sample. Implications include using group counseling methods and/or a coaching model for service delivery. An informed integrated approach that focuses on systems, role development, and strategic thinking is recommended. Interventions should include depression and suicide assessments, brief solution focused methods, narrative work, social networking, and community resource guides. Future research should seek to determine between group differences with regards to the impact GRC has on one's ability to adjust to change, establish and maintain relationships, and willingness to seek help. / Ph. D.

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The relationships between gender, gender role attitudes, and participants' anticipation of future life roles (career, marriage, family, and homecare) were examined. Participants consisted of 297 single college students between the ages of 17-29 years (M = 20). Females reported significantly (p< .01) more egalitarian gender role attitudes than males. Significant results were found for the relationship between gender and anticipated life roles (p< .01) as well as between gender role attitudes and anticipated life roles (career role value, r = .14 and marital role value, r = - .18). The study findings suggest a possible gender conflict for females with more egalitarian gender role attitudes and behavior intentions and their male counterparts.

Background: In family firms, succession is a critical and complex issue and may determine the business continuity. The succession process often involves a transfer of leadership from one generation to another. Despite acknowledging that gender may affect succession, there is little available research investigating the role of gender in family business succession.  Purpose: This study aims to understand and explore the role of gender in the succession process and the successor selection. Furthermore, the study aims to contribute to the extant research on gender within the succession process by providing an in-depth study on succession and gender issues in small to medium sized family firms.  Method: This study is guided by a relativist and constructivist research philosophy. The qualitative study utilises an interview study strategy and is influenced by an inductive approach. Empirical data was gathered through eight in-depth semi-structured interviews with both successors and predecessors. The empirical findings were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.  Conclusion: The findings show that gender shapes and influences perceptions and ideas regarding successors and succession. Thus, gender and gender stereotypes may affect successors assumptions of succession. The study finds that not just predecessors or the family affect perceptions of gender in succession. It is found that gender and gender stereotypes in the society and within the industries may also affect assumptions of succession and successor selection. Despite this, these stereotypes and perceptions do not seem to manifest in the choices or decisions one make regarding successor selection or the succession process in general.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gender role and eating disorders characteristics. The Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, and Body Dissatisfaction subscales from the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) were used to examine eating disorder characteristics (Garner, 1991). The Personal Description Questionnaire (PDQ) was used to examine gender roles based on masculine positive, masculine negative, feminine positive, and feminine negative (Antill, Cunningham, Russell, & Thompson, 1981). The two independent variable of this study were gender (male, female) and gender role (masculine positive, masculine negative, feminine positive, feminine negative). The dependent variables consisted of three subscales of the EDI-2 which were Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, and Body Dissatisfaction. It was purported that gender roles are related to the development of eating disorders; women who exhibit exaggerated masculine or feminine gender roles have been found to have an increase in prevalence of eating disorders. Men who exhibited characteristics of the feminine gender role have also exhibited a higher incidence of eating disorders, especially those in the homosexual community. Participants included 232 individuals (102 men, 130 women). Two hundred one of the participants were Caucasian and 131 of the subjects were freshmen. One hundred and ninety eight of the subjects were single. Subjects were students enrolled in undergraduate psychology courses at East Tennessee State University. The Personal Description Questionnaire Form A, three subscales from the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 and a demographic questionnaire with items to assess age, gender, race, academic year, and marital status were administered to all participants. This study, employing a 2 (Gender) x 4 (Gender Roles) independent groups factorial design, looked at the four levels of gender roles and two levels of gender. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used in analyzing each dependent variable on all hypotheses at the .05 level of significance. Results of the MANOVA revealed main effects for sex and gender role identification. One interaction effect was significant. Univariate statistics (ANOVAs) were used to analyze the dependent variables on all hypothesis. The results revealed two main effects for sex and two for gender role identification.

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