Denna studie jämför kvalitativt och kvantitativt fördelningen mellan evidentialer i de uraliska språken med Andersons (1986) kriterier som utgångspunkt och grammatikor skrivna om språken som material. Strategierna för att förmedla evidentialitet består såväl av fristående partiklar som modus och tempus, med en större tendens mot modus i den östra änden av det uraliska språkområdet, tempus i de centrala delarna och partiklar i de västra språken. Samtliga av dessa konstruktioner har i stort sitt ursprung i grammatikaliseringsprocesser, med undantag för eventuella språkkontaktsliga inlånsprocesser i vissa språk.

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The aim of this study was to examine how Swedish compound nouns are translated by the machine translation program Google Translate. In order to conclude what main types of mistranslation occur, different texts were first translated by the program; all compound nouns were then listed and analysed, and the mistranslated compound nouns were categorised in accordance with the manner of mistranslation. The study was also working from a hypothesis that the frequency of a compound would affect the chances of getting a correct translation. To test this hypothesis, queries were run in a Swedish corpus to get an estimation of how frequently used the compounds are. The results show that mistranslations could be categorised into four different types, and that the most common types of mistranslation were omitting part of the compound, and translating reoccurring compounds inconsistently. The hypothesis that compounds with high frequency in the corpus would be correctly translated, while compounds with low frequency would be incorrectly translated, could not be conclusively confirmed or refuted. Although there was some indication of a link between frequency and translation accuracy, the connection was not clear enough to claim that there is a correlation. / Syftet med denna undersökning var att undersöka hur sammansättningar på svenska behandlas av maskinöversättningsprogrammet Google Translate. För att bedöma vilka som var de vanligaste typerna av felöversättningar översattes först olika texter med programmet. Sammansättningarna listades sedan och analyserades, och felöversatta sammansättningar kategoriserades efter typ av felöversättning. Undersökningen utgick vidare från hypotesen att frekvensen av ett sammansatt ord skulle påverka sannolikheten för en korrekt översättning. För att testa denna hypotes gjordes sökningar på orden i en svensk korpus för att få en uppfattning om hur vanligt förekommande sammansättningarna är. Resultaten visar att felöversättningarna kunde kategoriseras som fyra olika typer, och att de vanligaste typerna var att ett led i sammansättningen utelämnades samt att återkommande sammansättningar var inkonsekvent översatta. Hypotesen att sammansättningar med hög frekvens i korpusen skulle bli korrekt översatta och sammansättningar med låg frekvens inkorrekt översatta, kunde inte entydigt bekräftas eller vederläggas. Det fanns vissa indikationer på en koppling mellan frekvens och översättning, dock var dessa inte tydliga nog för att hävda att ett klart samband existerar.

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Dans notre travail nous avons décidé  d’analyser et de discuter le «gender» et l’égalité des sexes  comme ce sont des  thèmes actuels en Suède avec le débat sur la répartition inégale des sexes dans des différents domaines, par exemple sur le marché de l’emploi, au sujet des salaires et dans l’enseignement et parce que ce sont des questions qui nous intéressent personnellement beaucoup comme mère, femme  et future  professeur.  Le champ de notre travail s’est restreint à l’analyse des manuels du français comme langue étrangère pour le collège suédois.

This paper sets out to investigate how different kinds of adaption strategies can work in synergy to overcome culturally prompted translation difficulties. The strategies used were analysed in the translation of a text from a tourist guide containing references to local phenomena. It was found that the different strategies combine when overcoming the translation difficulties, but that not all of them turn out useful. It is suggested that source texts that are bound to a physical location as regards contents are likely to be culturally adaptable intranslation mainly by means of addition, omission and generalization.

Bilingualism is nowadays a worldwide phenomenon due to different factors such as migration, education or political and geographical reasons. These factors have led to both individual and social bilingualism, which favor an increase of communicative encounters between native and non-native speakers of a certain language. The above situation has contributed to a growth of studies on second language acquisition. Some of these studies have focused on native speakers’ perception and understanding of the non-native speech. More specifically, perception and effectiveness of communication through the analysis of three dimensions; accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility. Although these three constructs have been intensively studied, little is known about the effect of semantic context on them. To our knowledge, just two studies have analyzed the effect of semantic context on native speakers’ judgments of the three dimensions by using read material. Therefore, this thesis extends the research on the influence of semantic context over these three dimension when the auditory stimulus corresponds to spontaneous non-native speech. In this thesis, the results on accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility tasks of 40 native Swedish speakers are presented. The findings showed that listeners’ perceived comprehensibility of the non-native speech is affected by the use of additional contextual information. That is, the listeners who were provided with additional visual information perceived the non-native speech as significantly easier to understand than those listeners who did not receive the extra contextual support. Furthermore, the results showed that accentedness and comprehensibility perception of the listeners is influenced by their actual understanding of the non-native speech. Finally, this thesis proves the difficulty of studying the effect of semantic context on listeners’ response to accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility when using spontaneous non-native speech. The results indicate that more research on how semantic context influences the perception of extemporaneous non-native speech is needed.

This is a linguistic study that focuses on language use in four British newspapers that are well known in Britain for their political positions. The main aim of this essay is to compare and con-trast different British newspapers in order to show how meaning is created and to identify any differences, depending on the discourse. To do this, specific theoretical frameworks have been applied, including critical discourse analysis, semantics, pragmatics and stylistics in the analysis of a number of different British newspapers. The analysis has shown that most of the interactions are used in all of the articles. Journalists have expressed many of the same arguments in their articles. The analysis showed that the arti-cles had many features in common and they require the reader to have a general political aware-ness as well as an understanding of the political leanings of the respective publications. It was discovered that the main difference in the articles is that they deviate from one another in how they present, interpret and relay topical and potentially controversial issues according to their leanings. The articles refer to the same stories and rely upon the same sources, but they pursue different angles, for example on national security, heritage and identity. These different ap-proaches mostly depend on the newspapers' and individual journalists' political leanings. There is a difference in which discoursal features, such as hegemony and subject positioning, are used, where they occur in the text and how frequently they occur. The determining factor for these differences appears to be, however, the nature of the topic and issues surrounding it rather than particular political affiliations of those responsible for producing it.

Denna C-uppsats skrevs under höstterminen 2019 på Södertörns högskola. Uppsatsens syfte var att undersöka hur synen på den egna maskuliniteten uttrycks av män som kallar sig incels i en anonym svensk intervjukontext. Min studie belyser en extrem och homogen grupp och hur deras syn på maskulinitet uttrycks språkligt utanför deras digitala gruppsammanhang där en egen särpräglad diskurs utesluter allmänheten. Det empiriska materialet har varit sex mäns svar i två artiklar (Expressen och Dagens ETC) där vardera artikel presenterar intervjuer med olika tre män. De intervjuas om sin bakgrund, sin ensamhet och den digitala mansaktivismen med likasinnade i internetforum. Alla förutom en av männen berättar under alias. Mina frågeställningar var: Hur uttrycker sig incels om sin syn på den egna maskuliniteten i en svensk intervjukontext i media?  Är denna syn på maskulinitet representativ för Connells teori om fyra maskuliniteter? Genom en kritisk diskursanalys med textuellt fokus på nominalfraser framkommer personbeteckningar och diskursiva perspektiv som skulle kunna beskriva incels egna maskulinitet.