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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Geometria do espaço-tempo no interior de um sistema em transição de fases / Space-time geometry for a system in phase transition

Diaz Polanco, Jose Luis Bernardo 16 June 2003 (has links)
Orientador: Patricio Anibal Letelier Sotomayor / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T14:46:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DiazPolanco_JoseLuisBernardo_M.pdf: 1930205 bytes, checksum: dd4e314538444eec0ce22039909d4483 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: São apresentadas soluções numéricas do sistema de equações diferenciais de Tolman-Oppenheimer- Volkov para um gás de partículas em transição de fases, no contexto da relatividade geral, encontrando a estrutura do espaço-tempo associada com a transição de fases. Para isto assumimos que o gás está formado por partículas autogravitantes, idênticas, com simetria esférica, e cujo tensor de energia-momentum é do tipo fluido perfeito. As interações internas do gás são representadas por uma equação de estado capaz de descrever uma transição de fase do tipo gás-Iíquido. Um gás estacionário deste tipo poderia representar uma estrela em equilíbrio hidrodinâmico. Concluímos que a termo dinâmica não perde sentido no contexto da relatividade geral, apresentando claramente que a transição de fases acontece só numa superfície esférica e concêntrica no interior da estrela, na qual a curvatura do espaço-tempo reflete, mais uma vez, o mesmo comportamento que a distribuição interna de matéria na estrela, neste caso, uma descontinuidade na região de coexistência de fases / Abstract: We present numerical solutions for the differencial equations the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Voltov for a gas particles in phase transition in the general relativity background, obtaining the space-time structure involved in the phase transition. For this purpouse, we consider the gas as formed by identical self-gravitating particles with spherical simetry and whose momentum- energy tensor is do like perfect fluid type. The internal interactions of the gas are represented by a state equation that has the property of describing gas-liquid phases transition. A stacionary gas like this is supposed to represent a star in hydrodynamic equilibrium. We conclude that there is no conflict of using thermodynamics in general relativity context, showing cleary that the phase transtition happens only in a spherical shell centered in the star geometrical center, about what the space-time curvature ilustrates, once more, the same behaviour expect by the distribution of matter inside the star, in such case, a descontinuity in the region of phase's coexistence / Mestrado / Física / Mestre em Física
82

Modelos de discos e outras estruturas auto-gravitantes em relatividade geral / Models of disks and other self-gravitating structures in general relativity

Vogt, Daniel 03 March 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Patricio Anibal Letelier Sotomayor / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T00:06:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vogt_Daniel_D.pdf: 2048895 bytes, checksum: d7173036404048baab332998c8c336cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Soluções exatas das equações do campo de Einstein que representam espaços-tempo com distribuições de matéria em forma de discos são construídas pelo método inverso (método das imagens). Estas soluções incluem discos estáticos ínos de fluido perfeito com e sem halos, discos estáticos finos de fluido perfeito com carga elétrica e modelos de discos finos formados por poeira carregada. São estudadas ainda novas soluções em vários sistemas de coordenadas que representam discos estáticos grossos com espessura constante. Uma forma particular para a métrica isotrópica em coordenadas cilíndricas é usada para obter-se versões relativísticas de pares potencial-densidade Newtonianos comumente usados na Astronomia Galáctica. Um modelo relativístico simplificado, porém exato, de um núcleo ativo de galáxia também é apresentado. Finalmente, é feito um estudo de alguns pares-potencial densidade Newtonianos obtidos a partir da expansão multipolar do potencial Newtoniano que generalizam pares conhecidos / Abstract: Exact solutions of Einstein field equations that represent space-times with disklike matter distributions are constructed using the inverse method (image method). These solutions include static thin perfect uid disks with and without halos, static thin charged perfect uid disks and models of thin charged dust disks. New solutions in various coordinate systems that represent static thick disks with constant thickness are also studied. A particular form of the isotropic metric in cylindrical coordinates is employed to obtain relativistic versions of Newtonian potential-density pairs commonly used in Galactic Astronomy. A simplified, although exact, relativistic model of an active galactic nuclei is also presented. Finally, some Newtonian potential-density pairs obtained from the Newtonian multipolar expansion that generalize known pairs are studied. / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências
83

Correções multipolares para a precessão de Lense-Thirring / Multipolar corrections for the Lense-Thirring precession

Silva, Marcelo Zimbres, 1980- 27 April 2008 (has links)
Orientadores: Patricio Anibal Letellier Sotomayor e Kyoko Furuya / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T10:44:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_MarceloZimbres_M.pdf: 810192 bytes, checksum: 16b4f94ccf4183c0371eac2b660a72f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Para estudar de forma completa a precessão de um giroscópio em órbita, revisamos a dedução das equações de Papapetrou, em particular, para mostrar que em uma aproximação de partícula teste essas equações implicam o transporte de Fermi-Walker do spin. Para estudar as correções devidas a oblaticidade de um corpo central na precessão do spin, fizemos uma revisão da teoria dos multipolos relativísticos focados nas definições de Geroch-Hansen e de Thorne. Usamos todos esses conceitos para estimar as correções multipolares na precessão de Lense-Thirring, em especial, encontramos uma fórmula exata para a precessão em termos de dois escalares, as partes real e imaginária do potencial de Ernst. Em uma aproximação linear para o campo gravitacional, escrevemos nossa fórmula em termos dos multipolos de Thorne. Para estimar essas correções usamos alguns modelos conhecidos para a métrica do planeta Terra e comparamos nossos resultados com outros trabalhos / Abstract: To study the precession of an orbiting gyroscope we review the theory of the Papapetrou equations and show that they imply the Fermi-Walker transport law. We review also the theory of relativistic multipole moments, specifically the definitions of Geroch-Hansen and Thorne, to describe non-spherical bodies in general relativity. For stationary axially symmetric spacetimes we find a simple expression for the Lense-Thirring precession in terms of the Ernst potential. This expression is used to compute, in the weak field approximation, the major non-spherical contributions to the precession of a gyroscope orbiting the Earth. We use some known models for the earth metric to estimate the contributions and compare our results with some previously known ones / Mestrado / Física / Mestre em Física
84

Modificações vetoriais na relatividade geral : aplicações cosmológicas e no sistema solar / Vector modifications of general relativity : cosmological and solar system applications

Fróes, André Luís Delvas, 1985- 11 April 2008 (has links)
Orientadores: Alberto Vazquez Saa, Marcelo Moraes Guzzo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T01:44:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Froes_AndreLuisDelvas_D.pdf: 13866800 bytes, checksum: 096d2e613867ddb45ba06cca87c00dec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Na presente tese, após revisão do estado da arte da cosmologia observacional, dos modelos de blindagem cosmológica para campos escalares e de modelos vetoriais para energia escura, foi apresentada a pesquisa original do projeto. Ela consistiu na elaboração do primeiro modelo de blindagem cosmológico aplicável a campos vetoriais, por meio de uma modificação conforme na Relatividade Geral, dependente do módulo do campo. Nos meios onde a densidade é elevada, o campo vetorial oscila em torno de zero, enquanto em meios de baixa densidade ele possui um valor não nulo. Como resultado, o campo vetorial não afeta a evolução no Universo primordial nem gera uma quinta força ou modificações detectáveis na gravitação local. O mecanismo também pode ser utilizado para esconder violações de Lorentz em pequenas escalas. A evolução cosmológica do modelo é estudada em detalhes / Abstract: In this thesis, after a review on the state of the art on observational cosmology, screening mechanisms for scalar fields and vector field models for dark energy, the original research of this project is presented. It consisted in the creation of the first screening mechanism for vector fields, by means of a conformal modification of General Relativity, dependent on the norm of the field. In high density environments, the vector field oscillates around zero, while in low density environments it has a non-null value. As a result, the vector field doesn\'t affect the evolution in the early Universe, nor generates a fifth force or detectable modifications in local gravity. The mechanism can be used as well to hide Lorentz violations in small scales. The cosmological evolution is studied in detail / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências
85

De l'horizon critique à l'univers relativiste: étude sur la signification transcendantale d'une antinomie cosmologique dans les fondements de la cosmologie relativiste, ...

Kerszberg, Pierre January 1982 (has links)
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
86

A study of spherical solutions in chameleon scalar-tensor theories

Mohapi, Neo January 2014 (has links)
The equivalence principle has proven to be central to theories of gravity, with General Relativity being the simplest and most elegant theory to embody the principle. Most alternative theories of gravity struggle to satisfy the principle and still be distinct from GR. Extensions of cosmological and quantum theories question the irrefutably of the equivalence at every scale. The possibility of an equivalence principle violation at galactic scales would be an exciting prospect. In this thesis, we will carefully examine the equivalence principle through the study of chameleon scalar-tensor theories, this will include solutions for hypothetical stars known as boson stars. Such theories find varied application, especially in cosmology, where they model dark energy and inflation. The AWE hypothesis, is an instance of this. It is a nonuniversally coupled model in which violations of the equivalence principle on galactic scales may be apparent. We investigate spherically symmetric and static solutions within the framework of this theory. The constraints obtained from galactic rotation curves results in values of the couplings that show no significant violation of the equivalence principle or values consistent with a theory of dark energy
87

Applications of hyperbolic geometry in physics

Rippy, Scott Randall 01 January 1996 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to see how the fundamental properties of hyperbolic geometry applies in physics.
88

Perspectives on Black Holes: Astrophysical, Geometric, and Beyond General Relativity

Berens, Roman Lawrence January 2022 (has links)
In this thesis, we consider three aspects of black holes. First, we examine a black hole boosted through a uniform magnetic field. We find that it can acquire an electric charge, just as a spinning black hole in an ambient magnetic field can, though the gravito-electrodynamics upstage naive arguments about screening electric fields in determining the value of the charge accrued. We study the chaotic behavior of the charged particles via their fractal basin boundaries. Second, we study the vanishing of Love numbers for black holes from a geometric perspective and connect it to the existence of quasinormal modes in de Sitter space. Behind each phenomenon is a ladder structure with a geometric/representation-theoretic origin which makes it possible to connect the asymptotic behavior of solutions at different boundaries. Third, we model the formation of a black hole in dRGT massive gravity in a de Sitter background with a collapsing homogeneous and pressureless ball of dust or ``star''. We focus on several choices of parameters corresponding to models of interest. We compute the position of the apparent horizon where it crosses the surface of the star, the Ricci curvature at the boundary, and the finite correction to the curvature of the apparent horizon due to the graviton mass. We argue that our collapsing solutions cannot be matched to a static, spherically symmetric vacuum solution at the star's surface, providing further evidence that physical black hole solutions in massive gravity are likely time-dependent.
89

Applications of plasma density measurements to spacecraft radio tracking

Eubanks, Thomas Marshall January 1980 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Science, 1980. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Thomas Marshall Eubanks. / M.S.
90

Fuzzy Blackholes

Murugan, Anand 01 May 2007 (has links)
The fuzzball model of a black hole is an attempt to resolve the many paradoxes and puzzles of black hole physics that have revealed themselves over the last century. These badly behaved solutions of general relativity have given physicists one of the few laboratories to test candidate quantum theories of gravity. Though little is known about exactly what lies beyond the event horizon, and what the ultimate fate of matter that falls in to a black hole is, we know a few intriguing and elegant semi-classical results that have kept physicists occupied. Among these are the known black hole entropy and the Hawking radiation process.

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