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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Attenuation of information during native/non-native interactions

Rodríguez Cuadrado, Sara, 1984- 20 December 2013 (has links)
The current dissertation deals with how attenuation of information works in relation to non-nativeness. It also deals with the nature of the attenuation of information phenomenon per se. Attenuation of information refers to the fact that when words are repeated, they got attenuated in a number of ways, as in word duration, intensity, pitch, pitch excursion and pitch range. When natives speak to natives, attenuation is beneficial for comprehension as it signals the informational status of words. Also, it is known that when natives speak to non-natives, they simplify speech performing foreigner talk. The first question of this thesis is whether foreigner talk and attenuation interact to enhance non-natives comprehensibility. Secondly, I address whether non-native speakers attenuate information, in spite of their production difficulties in a second language. Thirdly, I investigate whether speakers attenuate second mentioned words because it is the second time that the concept is evoked or that the word is articulated. The main findings of this dissertation are: first, that natives shape attenuation under some circumstances when talking to non-natives while performing foreigner talk to improve the signal. Second, that non-natives attenuate information both in monologue and in dialogue. Finally, that attenuation is mainly modulated by semantics. / Esta tesis trata de cómo funciona la atenuación de la información en interacciones en las que participa un hablante no nativo. También trata sobre la naturaleza de la atenuación. La atenuación de la información se refiere al hecho de que cuando las palabras se repiten, se ven reducidas en diferentes maneras, como en la duración de la palabra, intensidad, tono, tono máximo y rango de tono. Cuando los nativos hablan con no-nativos, la atenuación es beneficiosa para la comprensión, ya que señala el estado informacional de las palabras. También sabemos que cuando los nativos hablan con no-nativos, el habla se simplifica mediante foreigner talk. La primera pregunta de esta tesis es si el foreigner talk y la atenuación interactúan a fin de mejorar la comprensión de los no-nativos. En segundo lugar, investigamos si los hablantes no-nativos atenúan la infomación, a pesar de las dificultades que los no-nativos tienen al hablar en un idioma extranjero. En tercer lugar, exploramos si los hablantes atenúan las segundas producciones de las palabras porque es la segunda vez que evocan un concepto o que articulan una palabra. Los principales resultados de esta tesis son: primero, que los nativos modulan la atenuación bajo ciertas circunstancias a la vez que usan foreigner talk cuando hablan con nonativos para mejorar la comunicación. En segundo lugar, que los no-nativos atenúan información en situaciones de monólogo y de diálogo. Finalmente, la atenuación es principalmente modulada por la semántica.
32

Análisis de la actividad de rayos y de tormentas relacionadas con la producción de rayos gamma terrestres

Fabró, F. (Ferran) 05 March 2015 (has links)
Terrestrial Gamma ray Flashes (TGFs) have been known since 20 years ago, but since the first moment of the discovery it was clear that they were related to lightning and thunderstorms. The latest studies revealed that TGFs could be produced during the first stages of the lightning within thunderclouds by a process which is very similar to the X-ray emissions from natural lightning observed from ground or discharges in high voltage laboratory. The study of such phenomena will help to extend and complete the knowledge about lightning and electrical discharges. This study compares geographic, monthly and diurnal cycle global distributions of TGFs and lightning. A fourth region with enhanced production of TGFs has been identified apart from the other three regions previously identified. This analysis further investigates the relation between TGFs, lightning activity and thunderstorms. Moreover, we have seen that the TGF/lightning ratio is different in each region which could be explained by meteorological differences between regions and not by differences in regional lightning detection efficiency. For the first time, meteorological conditions and lightning activity have been compared among situations where a satellite with capability to detect TGFs did or did not detect them. The objective is to identify the best atmospheric conditions for TGF production. We have established that electrification processes associated with strong updrafts and high CAPE values are important to create the best atmospheric conditions that favours TGF generation. In the second part of the study we defined criteria for the TGF/lightning correlation in time. Using these criteria we have identified 90 correlations in South America. Depending on the time difference between TGF and lightning the correlations have been grouped into different categories. For each category the relation between TGF and lightning was justified based on examples of upward propagation of negative leaders detected by a VHF lightning mapping network, consistent with the currently most accepted production theories. We were able to identify associated thunderstorms in 32 of 90 correlation cases. We have analysed the thunderstorm development stage at the moment of TGF production, the vertical extent and areal extent. It was found that analysed thunderstorms shows preferences for TGF production during developing or mature stages and great vertical extension what agrees with situations with strong updrafts and high CAPE values determined in the first part of the study. The last part presents an analysis of the association between X-ray events and lightning registered at the Eagle Nest Tower in the Pyrenees. We have determined that downward negative lightning seems to be the only candidate for x-ray emissions. The theories that support this hypothesis could also explain TGF production, specifically, as in examples of upward negative leaders shown in the previous section. We have also studied whether the high energy background radiation increased in association with thunderstorm electrification. However, in the cases analysed this increase has been associated with radon-ion daughters. / Las emisiones de rayos gamma terrestres (TGFs) se conocen desde hace apenas 20 años, pero desde el primer momento se vio claramente su relación con los rayos y tormentas. Los últimos estudios revelan que se podrían producir durante las primeras fases de los rayos en el interior de las nubes por un proceso que sería muy similar a la emisión de rayos X por rayos naturales observados desde suelo o por descargas en el laboratorio de alta tensión. El estudio de estos fenómenos ayudará a ampliar y completar los conocimientos sobre el fenómeno del rayo y de las descargas eléctricas. En primer lugar se han comparado las distribuciones globales geográficas, mensuales y el ciclo diurno de TGFs y rayos. Se ha identificado una cuarta región de producción de TGFs a parte de las tres ya identificadas previamente. Con este análisis se ha contribuido principalmente a la confirmación de las correlaciones de los TGFs con la actividad de rayos y tormentas. Además, se ha visto que las ratios de TGF/rayo varían en las distintas regiones con lo que es probable que se pueda explicar por las diferencias meteorológicas entre ellas y no por diferencias regionales en la eficiencia de detección de rayos. Por primera vez se han analizado las condiciones meteorológicas y actividad de rayos en aquellas situaciones en que un satélite con capacidad para detectar TGFs no los detectaba y se han comparado con aquellas situaciones en que si se detectaron. El objetivo es el de distinguir las mejores condiciones atmosféricas para su producción. Se ha determinado que los procesos de electrificación asociados a fuertes corrientes ascendentes y altos valores de CAPE son importantes para crear las mejores condiciones atmosféricas que favorecen la generación de TGFs. En la segunda parte se definido un criterio para la correlación temporal entre rayos y TGFs. Con este criterio se han identificado un total de 90 correlaciones en Sudamérica. En función de la diferencia temporal entre el rayo y el TGF se han agrupado en distintas categorías. Para cada una de ellas se ha intentado justificar la relación entre el TGF y el rayo en base a ejemplos de rayos detectados por una red VHF y a las teorías de producción más aceptadas hasta la fecha. De 32 de estos casos de correlación se ha podido identificar y analizar la tormenta asociada. Se ha analizado la fase de desarrollo de la tormenta en el momento de la producción del TGF, la extensión vertical y la extensión horizontal. Se ha visto que las tormentas analizadas muestran una preferencia para la producción de TGFs en las fases de desarrollo o madurez y de gran extensión vertical que concuerda con situaciones de fuertes corrientes ascendentes y altos valores de CAPE determinados en el estudio previo. En la última parte se ha analizado eventos registrados en la torre instrumentalizada del Nido del Águila en los Pirineos. Estos eventos corresponden a rayos naturales y radiación X. Se ha determinado que los líderes negativos parecen ser los únicos candidatos para la emisión de rayos X. Las teorías que soportan esta hipótesis podrías explicar la producción de TGFs y, en concreto, los casos reportados en el estudio anterior. Se ha estudiado también si el aumento de la radiación de fondo de alta energía está asociado a la posible electrificación de las tormentas. En el caso analizado se ha asociado este aumento con los descendientes radiactivos de la cadena de desintegración del radón
33

The Bilingual cost in speech production : studies of phonological and articulatory processes

Sadat Schaffai, Jasmin, 1982- 14 December 2012 (has links)
The main objective of this dissertation is to examine the consequences of bilingualism on speech production. Previous research has shown that bilingual speakers experience a cost compared to monolinguals in a variety of linguistic experiments. We investigated the origins of the bilingual cost by exploring influences of particular variables such as phonological similarity. Moreover, we investigated the scope of the bilingual cost by assessing speech performance, focusing on articulatory durations and noun-phrase production. We provide evidence that increased phonological similarity among words within one language slows speech, whereas increased phonological similarity across translations helps bilinguals to overcome the bilingual cost. In addition, our results show that the bilingual cost generalizes to articulatory durations and noun-phrase production. The current dissertation provides a more specific understanding of speech processing at phonological and articulatory stages in mono- and bilinguals, and extends our knowledge on the bilingual cost in speech production. / El objetivo principal de esta tesis es examinar las consecuencias del bilingüismo en la producción del habla. Estudios anteriores han demostrado que los hablantes bilingües presentan una mayor dificultad que los monolingües durante la realización de diferentes experimentos lingüísticos. Investigamos los orígenes del coste del bilingüismo, explorando los efectos de variables como la similitud fonológica. Además, investigamos el alcance del coste, evaluando las duraciones articulatorias durante el habla y la producción de sintagmas nominales. Mostramos que una mayor similitud fonológica entre palabras de una lengua ralentiza el habla, mientras que una mayor similitud entre traducciones ayudó a los bilingües a superar el coste. Finalmente, demostramos que el coste bilingüe se extiende a las duraciones articulatorias y a la producción de sintagmas nominales. Esta tesis aporta nuevas evidencias acerca del efecto que la similitud fonológica tiene sobre la producción del habla y proporciona un conocimiento más específico sobre cómo el bilingüismo influye durante las últimas fases del procesamiento del habla.
34

Ultracold atoms in artificial gauge fields

Grass, Tobias 23 April 2013 (has links)
The present thesis studies a variety of cold atomic systems in artificial gauge fields. In the first part we focus on fractional quantum Hall effects, asking whether interesting topological states can be realized with cold atoms. We start by making a close connection to solid-state systems and first consider fermionic atoms with dipolar interactions. Assuming the system to be in the Laughlin state, we evaluate the energy gap in the thermodynamic limit as a measure for the robustness of the state. We show that it can be increased by additionally applying a non-Abelian gauge field squeezing the Landau levels. We then switch to bosonic systems with repulsive contact interactions. Artificial magnetic fields for cold bosons have extensively been discussed before in the context of rotating Bose gases. We follow a different approach where the gauge field is due to an atom-laser coupling. Thus, transitions between different dressed states have to be included. They are shown to break the cylindrical symmetry of the system. Modifying the Laughlin state and the Moore-Read state accordingly, we determine the parameter regimes where they are good representations for the ground state of the system obtained via exact diagonalization. One of the most interesting feature of fractional quantum Hall states is the anyonic behavior of their excitations. We therefore also study quasiholes in the Laughlin state and the modified Laughlin state. They are shown to posses anyonic properties, which become manifest even in small systems. Moreover, the dynamics of a single quasihole causes visible traces in the density of the system which allow to clearly distinguish the Laughlin regime from less correlated phases. In the latter, a sequence of collapses and revivals of the quasihole can be observed, which is absent in the Laughlin regime. Extending our study to bosonic systems with a pesudospin-1/2 degree of freedom, we discuss the formation of strongly correlated spin singlets. Strikingly, at filling v=4/3, the system is described by a state with non-Abelian excitations, which is constructed as the zero-energy ground state of repulsive three-body contact interactions. Systems with internal degrees of freedom also allow for implementing artificial spin-orbit coupling. It is shown to give rise to a variety of incompressible states. In the second part of the thesis, we concentrate on condensed system. Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling are shown to have a degeneracy on the mean-field level, which is lifted by quantum and thermal fluctuations. The system becomes experimentally feasible in three dimensions, where the condensate depletion remains finite, and thus allow for an experimental observation of this order-by-disorder mechanism. Finally, we study the influence of Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields on the quantum phase transitions of bosons in a square optical lattice. Re-entrant superfluid phases and superfluids at finite momenta are interesting properties featured by such systems.
35

Controversy and crusade : Daniel Harvey Hill and the shaping of reputation and historical memory /

Erslev, Brit Kimberly. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. / Includes bibliographic references (p.60-67) Also available as pdf on the World Wide Web.
36

Ming Zheng fu guo lun

Chen, Chunsheng. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Taiwan da xue. / Reproduced from typescript copy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 1-20 (last group)).
37

Marcus Antonius, Consul - Proconsul - Staatsfeind : die Politik der Jahre 44 und 43 v. Chr.

Matijević, Krešimir January 2006 (has links)
Zugl.: Osnabrück, Univ., Diss., 2005
38

Pompeius Magnus Machtgrundlagen eines spätrepublikanischen Politikers /

Dingmann, Matthias. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Osnabrück, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [369]-402) and indexes.
39

Ming Zheng fu guo lun

Chen, Chunsheng. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Taiwan da xue. / Reproduced from typescript copy. Bibliography: p. 1-20 (last group)
40

General Paul Thiébault, his life and his legacy

Sigler, Jackson L. Horward, Donald D. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2006. / Advisor: Donald D. Horward, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of History. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 7, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 331 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

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