Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-12-04T12:12:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Letycia Basso Garcia - 2017.pdf: 3161693 bytes, checksum: 8ea7726402d9acbdddc870e75a0b1cef (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-12-05T09:52:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Letycia Basso Garcia - 2017.pdf: 3161693 bytes, checksum: 8ea7726402d9acbdddc870e75a0b1cef (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-05T09:52:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Letycia Basso Garcia - 2017.pdf: 3161693 bytes, checksum: 8ea7726402d9acbdddc870e75a0b1cef (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Improving rice yield has been a big challenge for rice breeding programs around the world. One alternative to identify inbred lines with high yield potential, and discover genes related to yield and its components is to explore the genic pool of the population originated from crosses between cultivars not regularly used, as those introduced from another country. The objective of this study was characterizing a recombinant inbred lines population from the cross between Maninjau and Epagri 108. There were evaluated 296 RILs in experiments conducted in Goianira (GO), Boa Vista (RR) and Pelotas (RS), in 2016. In the experiments in GO and RR, the alpha lattice design (17x18) with two replications were used, and in Pelotas was applied the BAF design. Data were collected for yield (PD) and plant height (AP) in the three places, days to flowering (DF), in RR and GO, 100-grain weight (PG), in RS and GO and leaf blast resistance (BS), in GO. The data were analyzed by a mixed model with the deviance analysis. Variance components were estimated by REML/BLUP and the genetic parameters and correlation coefficients were calculated. The statistics parameters as CV e , CV g , CV r and selective accuracy were also estimated. The G x E interaction analysis was processed by the MHPRVG method. Also, the genetic distances between the progenies that had highest breeding values in each place and their relatives (Maninjau and Epagri 108), was estimated, using a 24 SSR markers panel. For Boa Vista and Goianira, most of the highest yield RILs were like the parental Epagri 108. Most of the random effects of the statistic model used in this study were significant. The RILs population showed genetic variability inside (σ g2 significant). The experimental precision in RR and GO was from good to excellent with accuracy over 90% and in RS it was moderate (~50%), probably because of the environmental effect action. Yield showed moderate heritability (0,67) and the characters DF, AP and PG showed high heritability (>0,90). Positive significant correlation was observed between the characters PD and PG, and DF and AP, however the last one showed negative correlation with yield. Nine RILs had the best performance by the MHPRVG, and it was above 30% of the general mean. They are recommended for the breeding program use. The RIL 105 were ranked as the best for stability, adaptability and yield, simultaneously. These results suggest that there is a significant genetic variation between the RILs evaluated. Therefore, this population might be used either in selection of high yield performance genotypes or for QTL mapping foragronomic traits in many environments. / O aumento da produtividade em arroz é um desafio para os programas de melhoramento do mundo todo. Uma alternativa para identificar linhagens mais produtivas, ou mesmo descobrir genes correlacionados à produtividade e seus componentes, é conhecer e explorar o pool gênico de populações provenientes de cruzamentos entre cultivares ainda pouco utilizadas, como materiais introduzidos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar uma população de linhas puras recombinantes (RILs), provenientes do cruzamento entre Maninjau x Epagri 108. Foram avaliadas 296 RILs em experimentos conduzidos em Goianira (GO), Boa Vista (RR) e Pelotas (RS), no ano de 2016. Em GO e RR os ensaios foram implantados em delineamento alfa-látice (17x18) e em Pelotas foi utilizado BAF. Foram coletados dados referentes à produtividade (PD) e altura de plantas (AP) nos três locais, além de dias até o florescimento (DF), em RR e GO, peso de 100 grãos (PG), em RS e GO. Os dados foram analisados via modelos mistos, através da análise de deviance. Os componentes de variância foram estimados via REML/BLUP e foram estimados os parâmetros genéticos e coeficientes de correlação entre caracteres, bem como os parâmetros estatísticos CV e , CV g , CV r e acurácia seletiva. A análise de interação G x E foi feita com base no método da MHPRVG. Foram estimadas as distâncias genéticas entre as linhagens de maior valor genotípico em cada local e os parentais do cruzamento, através de um painel de 24 marcadores SSR, e para Boa Vista e Goianira, a maioria das linhagens mais produtivas foram mais similares ao genitor Epagri 108. A maioria dos efeitos aleatórios do modelo estatístico adotado foi significativa. A população de RILs apresentou variabilidade genética (σ g2 significativo). A precisão dos experimentos de RR e GO foi de boa à ótima, com acurácia maior que 90%, enquanto do RS foi moderada (~50%), provavelmente devido à maior ação do efeito ambiental. A produtividade se revelou com h2 moderada (0,67) e os caracteres DF, AP e PG apresentaram alta herdabilidade (>0,90). Foi verificada correlação positiva significativa entre os caracteres PD e PG e DF e AP, porém esses dois últimos têm correlação negativa significativa com a produtividade. Nove RILs se destacaram pela MHPRVG, com desempenho superior a 30% em relação à média geral. Elas são, portanto, recomendadas para uso do programa de melhoramento. A RIL 105 foi classificada como a de melhor estabilidade, adaptabilidade e produtividade, simultaneamente. Os resultados indicam que a população tem alta variabilidade genética e, pode ser utilizada tanto na seleção de genótipos de bom desempenho produtivo, quanto na detecção de QTLs para caracteres de interesse agronômico em múltiplos locais.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / In addition to high yield, the cowpea breeding programs have been based on the development of cultivars that erect associate and early cycle. This is because in addition to minimizing the risk of losses because the plants spend less time in the field, makes it easy to harvest, either manually or mechanically. For this purpose, are generally employed methods involving hybridization to give segregating populations, these, in turn, are driven by several generations of inbreeding. This process is costly and time consuming, and early identification of populations with potential for extraction lines, can greatly reduce the costs of a breeding program. For this, the methodology m + a, which estimates the concentration of favorable alleles in two consecutive generations, is a good indicator. Subsequently, it should identify the best genotypes within those potential people to compose the final testing lines, conditioning to obtain cultivars that meet the objectives of breeding programs. Thus, the aim of the first study (Chapter 1): (i) estimate the genotypic values (BLUPs) to agronomic important traits, and (ii) to investigate the potential use of the methodology m + a for the early selection of lines. In the second study (Chapter 2), aimed to verify the existence of genetic variability in the population and identify promising lines to compose the final rehearsals. To estimate the genetic potential of populations for early extraction lines were evaluated generations F3:4 and F3:5 ten progenies. These were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. To identify the best individuals to compose EFL, we used seeds from 119 genotypes originated ten progenies F3:4, and two witnesses, Sempre Verde and BRS Tumucumaque. It was used for this design in a 11 x 11 square lattice with two replications. The trials of the two studies were conducted in Marco-CE council and evaluated characters: number of days to flowering (NDF); number of days to maturity (NDM); plant height (ALT); pod length (CPV); number of seeds per pod (NGV); weight of 100 grains (M100G), and total mass (MTOT). We identified high heritability values in terms of average and accuracy for most of the characters, as well as low coefficients of variation, except for MTOT character. Positive and negative genotypic values of the progenies showed the potential to increase the expression of those characters related to productivity and reduce the expression of those associated with size and precocity. The estimate m + a more expressive for ALT was presented by the progeny obtained from the crossing of the EC-796 and MNC03-737E-5-10. And for NDF and NDM the progeny obtained from the crossing of the EC-796 and EC-954. The estimate the m + a was viable for identification of populations with potential for extraction lines in cowpea culture. In the second study, the genotypes 5, 7, 14, 15, 25, 27, 31, 42, 47, 57, 85 and 113 were those which showed greatest genetic potential for composing EFL. / AlÃm de elevadas produtividades, os programas de melhoramento do feijÃo-caupi tÃm se baseado no desenvolvimento de cultivares que associem porte ereto e ciclo precoce. Isto porque alÃm de minimizar os riscos de perdas, pelo fato das plantas passarem menos tempo em campo, facilita o processo de colheita, tanto manualmente como mecanicamente. Para tanto, geralmente sÃo empregados mÃtodos que envolvem hibridaÃÃo para originar populaÃÃes segregantes, estas, por sua vez, sÃo conduzidas por vÃrias geraÃÃes de endogamia. Esse processo à custoso e moroso e, identificar precocemente populaÃÃes com potencial para extraÃÃo de linhagens, pode reduzir consideravelmente os custos de um programa de melhoramento. Para isso, a metodologia m + a, que estima a concentraÃÃo de alelos favorÃveis em duas geraÃÃes consecutivas, à um bom indicador. A posteriori, cabe identificar os melhores genÃtipos dentro daquelas potenciais populaÃÃes para compor os ensaios finais de linhagens, condicionando a obtenÃÃo de cultivares que atendam aos objetivos dos programas de melhoramento. Assim, objetivou-se no primeiro estudo (capÃtulo 1): (i) estimar os valores genotÃpicos (BLUPs) para caracteres de interesse agronÃmico, e (ii) verificar o potencial do uso da metodologia m + a para a seleÃÃo precoce de linhagens. No segundo estudo (capÃtulo 2), objetivou-se verificar a existÃncia de variabilidade genÃtica na populaÃÃo e identificar linhagens promissoras para compor os ensaios finais. Para estimaÃÃo do potencial genÃtico das populaÃÃes para extraÃÃo precoce de linhagens foram avaliadas as geraÃÃes F3:4 e F3:5 de dez progÃnies. Estas foram avaliadas no delineamento em blocos casualizados com trÃs repetiÃÃes. Para identificaÃÃo dos melhores indivÃduos para compor EFL, utilizaram-se sementes provenientes de 119 genÃtipos oriundos de dez progÃnies F3:4, e de duas testemunhas, Sempre Verde e BRS Tumucumaque. Utilizou-se para isso delineamento em lÃtice quadrado 11 x 11 com duas repetiÃÃes. Os ensaios dos dois estudos foram conduzidos no municÃpio de Marco-CE e avaliados os caracteres: nÃmero de dias para floraÃÃo (NDF); nÃmero de dias para maturaÃÃo (NDM); altura de planta (ALT); comprimento de vagem (CPV); nÃmero de grÃos por vagem (NGV); massa de 100 grÃos (M100G), e massa total (MTOT). Foram identificados elevados valores de herdabilidade a nÃvel de mÃdia e acurÃcia para a maioria dos caracteres, assim como baixos coeficientes de variaÃÃo, com exceÃÃo para o carÃter MTOT. Valores genotÃpicos positivos e negativos evidenciaram o potencial das progÃnies para aumentar a expressÃo daqueles caracteres relacionados a produtividade e reduzir a expressÃo daqueles associados a porte e precocidade. A estimativa m + a mais expressiva para ALT foi apresentada pela progÃnie obtida do cruzamento entre CE-796 e MNC03-737E-5-10. E para NDF e NDM pela progÃnie obtida do cruzamento entre CE-796 e CE-954. A estimativa m + a foi viÃvel para a identificaÃÃo de populaÃÃes com potencial para extraÃÃo de linhagens na cultura do feijÃo-caupi. No segundo estudo, os genÃtipos 5, 7, 14, 15, 25, 27, 31, 42, 47, 57, 85 e 113 foram aqueles que demonstraram maior potencial genÃtico para compor EFL.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-03-07T19:19:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_Dulcilene O. Silva.pdf: 963345 bytes, checksum: dc23d1a7d5dca5366312e2961aa1c5a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-03-07T19:21:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_Dulcilene O. Silva.pdf: 963345 bytes, checksum: dc23d1a7d5dca5366312e2961aa1c5a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-07T19:21:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_Dulcilene O. Silva.pdf: 963345 bytes, checksum: dc23d1a7d5dca5366312e2961aa1c5a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to measure the genetic progress of coffee grain yield (in bags.ha-1) from the clonal selection of Conilon coffee plants and the estimation of genetic parameters for three consecutive agricultural years. The experiment was carried out in six randomized complete blocks, with four plants per plot, at 3 x 2 m spacing, at the Embrapa Rondônia experimental station, Ouro Preto do Oeste - RO. It began in December 2011 with 130 genotypes and the evaluations occurred in the 2014, 2015 and 2016 harvests. The estimation of the genetic parameters, the prediction of the values and the genotypic effects of the clones, the genetic progress and the minimum number of measurements were performed with the REML / BLUP procedure by the SELEGEN program. Estimates of the genetic parameters indicated genetic component predominance in each agricultural year, however, the environmental variation (temporary effects plus permanent effects) predominated over the genotype variation in the joint evaluation of the crops. The genetic progress of the coffee yield was 49.88% with the selection of the best 10% clones, and provided an increase in average productivity from 42.57 bags.ha-1 to 63.80 bags.ha-1. With three agricultural years it was possible to select clones that maintain their genetic superiority, with high accuracy (0.90) and determination (0.88). The MHPVG procedure associated with the genetic gains selected superior, stable and more adaptable clones of Conilon coffee trees for the northern region of Brazil. / Objetivou-se mensurar o progresso genético da produtividade de grãos de café beneficiado (em sacas.ha-1) a partir da seleção clonal de cafeeiro Conilon e com a estimação de parâmetros genéticos, durante três anos agrícolas consecutivos. O experimento foi conduzido em seis blocos completos casualizados, com quatro plantas por parcela, em espaçamento de 3 x 2 m, na estação experimental da Embrapa Rondônia, Ouro Preto do Oeste – RO. Iniciou-se em dezembro de 2011, com 130 genótipos e as avaliações ocorreram nas safras de 2014, 2015 e 2016. A estimação dos parâmetros genéticos, a predição dos valores e dos efeitos genotípicos dos clones, do progresso genético e do número mínimo de medidas repetidas foram realizadas com o procedimento REML/BLUP, pelo programa SELEGEN. As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos indicaram predominância do componente genético em cada ano agrícola, no entanto, a variação ambiental (efeitos temporários mais efeitos permanentes) predominou sobre a variação genotípica na avaliação conjunta das safras. O progresso genético da produtividade de café beneficiado foi de 49,88% com a seleção dos 10% melhores clones, e proporcionou um incremento na produtividade média de 42,57 sacas.ha-1 para 63,80 sacas.ha-1. Com três anos agrícolas foi possível selecionar clones mantenedores de sua superioridade genética, com elevada acurácia (0,90) e determinação (0,88). O procedimento MHPVG associado aos ganhos genéticos selecionou clones de cafeeiro Conilon com desempenho superior, estáveis e com maior adaptabilidade para a região Norte do Brasil.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as diferenças nos padrões de desenvolvimento ponderal, composição de carcaça e qualidade de carne entre linhagens e touros representativos da raça Nelore, com aplicação de tecnologias modernas para coleta de dados e estimação de parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos das características em estudo. Foram utilizados dados de desenvolvimento ponderal, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de machos da raça Nelore, terminados a pasto e confinamento e pertencentes a programas de avaliação genética. Desses animais, foram coletadas informações individuais de características de carcaça avaliadas por ultrassonografia e medidas corporais para estimação do frame de cada animal. Ao abate, foram avaliadas características de carcaça e carne, diretamente na carcaça e também através de imagens digitais do músculo Longissimus para determinação de atributos relacionados à qualidade, como maciez, perdas por cozimento, gordura intramuscular e pH. Avaliações por infravermelho com comprimentos de onda na faixa do visível próximo (VIS-NIRS) foram tomadas para associação com valores de pH, força de cisalhamento e lipídios no músculo Longissimus. Foram estimados parâmetros genéticos para todas as características avaliadas neste trabalho. As características de ganho ponderal, frame, medidas de ultrassonografia e qualidade de carne foram utilizadas para comparação entre genearcas e novos genearcas da raça Nelore. Estas informações em conjunto com a validação ferramentas auxiliares para coleta de fenótipos poderão ajudar na condução de programas de melhoramento genético de características de desempenho e qualidade de nos rebanhos dessa raça, bem como a obtenção de importantes informações sobre a variabilidade e valor genético de genearcas e touros representativos da raça Nelore. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences of growth, carcass composition and beef quality traits among lineages and representative Nellore sires, using new technologies to collect data and estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters. Data on growth, carcass and meat quality traits of Nellore bulls, raised in pastures and included in genetic evaluation programs were analyzed. Individual information on live ultrasound carcass measurements and frame were, also, collected. After slaughter, carcass, beef quality traits and video image analysis (VIA) of muscle Longissimus were obtained for estimation of beef quality attributes like tenderness, cooking losses, intramuscular fat and pH. Evaluations with Near Infrared Spectroscopy (VIS-NIRS) were made to quantify tenderness and lipid in Longissimus muscle. Genetic parameters were estimated for all traits analyzed in this study. Traits like performance, frame, ultrasound carcass evaluation and meat quality were used to compare lineages and representative Nellore sires. This research provide precious information to development of auxiliary tools for genetic improvement of growth, carcass and meat quality traits in Nellore herds, and provide important information about variability and genetic value of founders and representative sires of this breed.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Megan Rolf / In the future, water may not be as readily available due to an increase in competition from a growing human population, wildlife, and other agricultural sectors. To better understand water demands in the beef industry, water intake has to be accurately measured. It also critical to understand if water intake is a heritable trait and to determine its relationship to other production traits. This dissertation examines the number of days to accurately measure water intake in beef cattle, how to predict water intake in beef cattle using individual intakes, and estimates genetic parameters for water intake, dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), water efficiency measures, feed efficiency measures, and carcass traits. Study 1 investigates the test duration required to accurately measure water intake. Water intakes were collected over 70 d and shortened test periods (7 day intervals) were correlated with the full 70 day test to determine the minimum number of days required to accurately measure water intake. Water intake can be collected over a 35 to 42-day test period, with a minimal decrease in accuracy. Study 2 developed a water intake prediction equation that included different weather variables and average daily temperature (TAVG), average relative humidity (HVAG), solar radiation (SRAD), and wind speed (WSPD). Water intakes and feed intakes on individual animals were collected over a 70-day period along with (TAVG), (HVAG), (SRAD), (WSPD) for each day. Five different prediction equations were developed: summer, winter, slick bunk feed management, ad libitum feed management, and overall. All models included variables of DMI, metabolic mid test weight, TAVG, HAVG, SRAD, and WSPD, with R-squared values ranging from 0.34 to 0.41. Study 3 investigated the relationships between water intake and DMI, ADG, and water and feed efficiency traits. Variance components and genetic correlations were estimated using single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), incorporating genotypes on approximately 150,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Water intake was moderately heritable (0.39) and had moderate genetic correlations with DMI and residual feed intake, high genetic correlations with residual water intake, water to gain ratio, and feed to gain ratio, and had a low genetic correlation with ADG. Study 4 investigated the relationship between water intake and carcass traits. Single-Step GBLUP was used to estimate variance components and genetic correlations between water intake and carcass traits. Similar to study 3, water intake was moderately heritable (0.42). Water intake was moderately correlated with hot carcass weight (0.38), back fat (0.36), yield grade (0.29), and final body weight (0.29), but had a low genetic correlation with longissimus muscle area (0.08) and marbling (0.17). More research must be done to determine the relationships between water intake and other economically important traits in beef cattle and to better understand how environment and genetic background affect water intake. Improvements in water efficiency could decrease the amount of water cattle consume and assist producers in managing on-farm water resources during times of water scarcity.

Records of the La Rochelle S.A. Mutton Merino stud were analysed to determine the importance of possible contributing non-genetic sources of variation on growth and reproductive traits. Growth traits analysed were pre-weaning weight (42dW), weaning weight (100dW), 205d weight, ADG's and Kleiber Ratio's (KR) for both 42d and 100d. All the included effects, i.e. year, sex, birth status, season, age of dam and the year x sire interaction, were highly significant (P<0.001) for the growth traits. Reproduction traits measured were mean number of lambs born per ewe per year, mean Kg lamb weaned per ewe per year, percentage twins and fecundity. Year was the only significant effect (P<0.001) for all four reproduction traits. Data of records between 1974 and 1995 were used to estimate additive direct and additive maternal heritabilities for seven growth traits. The estimates of the direct heritabilities varied between 0.166 for 42dW and 0.513 for 205dW. The estimates of the maternal heritabilities were within the 0.042 (42dW) to 0.370 (100dADG) range. Estimates of the covariance between the direct additive and maternal additive components were generally negative and of a substantial size (-0.215 to -0.674). Additive direct and additive maternal heritabilities for four reproductive traits were also estimated. The estimates for direct additive heritabilities varied between 0.039 for fecundity and 0.177 for Kg lamb weaned per ewe per year. Estimates for the maternal additive heritabilities were correspondingly low, varying from 0.007 for lambs born per ewe per year to 0.197 for percentage twins. Estimates of covariance between the additive direct and additive maternal components were negative. Genetic trends of the flock were studied. The main objective of the breeder was to improve the reproductive efficiency of the flock, whilst decreasing the incidence of very large lambs. Selection pressure on reproductive performance hasn't yet attained the desired effect as three of the four reproductive traits measured, showed very little or no improvement. Lambs do however have lower body weights, while the 100dADG and 100dKR have improved. / Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / unrestricted

Orientador: Pablo Forlan Vargas / Resumo: A batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas L.) é uma hortaliça tuberosa de ampla adaptação à diferentes tipos de solo e clima, e ocupa posição de destaque entre as culturas que desempenham papéis importantes na segurança alimentar. As raízes de polpa alaranjada são ricas em carotenoides, principalmente betacaroteno, precursor de próvitamina A, podendo o consumo de batata-doce de polpa alaranjada ser utilizado no combate à deficiência de vitamina A no Brasil e em diversos lugares do mundo. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a interação genótipo x ambiente e estimar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de genótipos de batata-doce com altos teores de betacaroteno visando a identificação e seleção dos mais adaptados em busca de futura obtenção de novas cultivares. Foram realizados ensaios em quatro ambientes: no município de Vera Cruz-SP, Selvíria-MS e em dois ambientes (sistema de produção orgânico e sistema de produção consorciado) no município de Sete Barras. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados com duas repetições avaliando 265 genótipos de batata-doce provenientes do International Potato Center e uma cultivar comercial ‘Beauregard’ de polpa alaranjada. Os parâmetros genéticos e componentes de variância foram obtidos pelo procedimento REML/BLUP. Foi utilizado o índice proposto por Mulamba e Mock para selecionar os melhores genótipos e estimar o ganho genético predito com a seleção. Para o estudo de estratificação ambiental, adaptabilidade e ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a tuberous vegetable that is widely adapted to different soil and climate types and occupies a prominent position among crops that play important roles in food security. Orange pulp roots are rich in carotenoids, mainly beta-carotene, precursor of pro-vitamin A, and orange-fleshed sweetpotato can be used to combat vitamin A deficiency in Brazil and around the world. Therefore, the present work aimed to evaluate the genotype x environment interaction and to estimate the adaptability and stability of sweetpotato genotypes with high beta-carotene contents, aiming at the identification and selection of the most adapted ones in search of future obtaining of new cultivars. Tests were carried out in four environments: in the municipality of Vera Cruz-SP, Selvíria-MS and in two environments (organic production system and consortium production system) in the municipality of Sete Barras. he experimental design was a randomized block design with two replications evaluating 265 genotypes from the International Potato Center and a commercial orange-fleshed 'Beauregard' cultivar. Genetic parameters and variance components were obtained by the REML/BLUP procedure. The index proposed by Mulamba and Mock was used to select the best genotypes and to estimate the predicted genetic gain with the selection. For the study of environmental stratification, adaptability and stability we used the methodologies MHPRVG and AMMI. The adopted methodologies were concord... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes / Resumo: Myracrodruon urundeuva é uma espécie arbórea nativa suscetível à extinção. O objetivo foi avaliar a variação genética para caracteres silviculturais, a sobrevivência e a proporção sexual, em dois testes de progênies de M. urundeuva, visando fornecer subsídios para conservação ex situ. Foram analisadas 30 progênies em dois testes de progênies em sistemas de plantio distintos - misto (TP-MUE) e homogêneo (TP-DES). Os caracteres silviculturais avaliados foram altura (ALT), diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP), diâmetro médio de copa (DMC), sobrevivência (SOB), número de árvores com florescimento masculino (Nm), feminino (Nf), árvores monóicas (Mo) e sem florescimento (Sf). As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos foram obtidas pelo procedimento REML/BLUP. A taxa de SOB foi alta para os dois testes (> 80%). A média para ALT variou de 7,58 m (TP-MUE) a 10,02 m (TP-DES); para DAP de 8,24 cm (TP-MUE) a 10,91 cm (TP-DES). A herdabilidade da média de progênies variou de moderada a alta (0,39 a 0,72). No TP-MUE, a proporção sexual foi de 2♂:1♀ e no TP-DES de 4♂:1♀. O tamanho efetivo (Ne) do TP-MUE representou 38% do Ne esperado e no TP-DES foi de 12%. Existe variabilidade genética para conservação genética ex situ de M. urundeuva a curto prazo. / Abstract: Myracrodruon urundeuva is a native tree species susceptible to extinction. The objective was to evaluate the genetic variation for silvicultural traits, survival and sex ratio, in two tests of progenies of Myracrodruon urundeuva, aiming to provide subsidies for ex situ conservation. Thirty progenies were analyzed in two progeny tests in different planting systems - mixed (TP-MUE) and homogeneous (TP-DES). The silvicultural characters evaluated were height (ALT), diameter at breast height (DBH), average crown diameter (DMC), survival (SOB), number of trees with male flowering (Nm), female (Nf), modern trees (Mo) and without flowering (Sf). Estimates of genetic parameters were obtained using the REML / BLUP procedure. The SOB rate was high for both tests (> 80%). The mean for ALT ranged from 7.58 m (TP-MUE) to 10.02 m (TP-DES); for 8.24 cm DAP (TP-MUE) to 10.91 cm (TP-DES). The heritability of the average of progenies varied from moderate to high (0.39 to 0.72). In the TP-MUE, the sex ratio was 2♂: 1♀ and in the TP-DES 4♂: 1♀. The effective size (Ne) of the TP-MUE represented 38% of the expected Ne and in the TP-DES it was 12%. Therefore, there is genetic variability for ex situ genetic conservation of M. urundeuva in the short term. / Mestre

Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Profitable milk production and genetic improvement in dairy herds are largely dependant on fertile cows capable of calving down on an annual basis. Several studies indicate declines in the reproductive performance of Holstein cows over the last 30 years. Calving interval (CI) and services per conception (SPC) are being used by dairy farmers as indicators of the reproductive performance of dairy cows. However, using these traits as cow fertility indicators is problematic as CI is dependent on subsequent calving dates while SPC is strongly linked to inseminator proficiency. The aim of the study is therefore, firstly, to describe alternative fertility traits derived from insemination and calving dates and pregnancy check results. The effects of some non-genetic factors on these traits are discussed. Means±sd for interval traits from calving to first insemination (CFS) and the interval from calving to conception (DO) were respectively 77±30 and 134±74 days while the number of services per conception (SPC) averaged 2.55±1.79. The percentage of first servics occurring within 80 days post-partum (FS80d) and the proportion of cows being confirmed pregnant within 100 (PD100d) and 200 days post-partum (PD200d) were 0.64±0.48, 0.36±0.48 and 0.71±0.45, respectively. Although fertility traits were affected significantly by lactation number, calving year and month, herds (managers) had the largest effect. Fertility is a complex trait, however, the challenge is finding traits that best describe this trait. Genetic parameters for these traits could give an indication of the response to selection in dairy herds. In the second part of this study, genetic parameters and correlations between fertility traits, sourced from standard reproduction management data bases, are analysed for Holstein cows using bivariate linearlinear and linear-threshold animal models. Insemination events (n = 69 181) from 26 645 lactations of 9 046 Holstein cows from 14 herds, calving down during the period from 1991 to 2007, were available. The outcome of each AI event was known. Insemination records were linked to the calving date of each cow, lactation number as well as dam and sire identification. Fertility traits indicating the ability of cows to show heat early in the breeding period, and to become pregnant, were derived. Data were analysed using bivariate linear-linear and linear-threshold animal models with fixed effects being herd (14 levels), year (17 levels), season (4 levels) and lactation number (6 levels). The model included the random effects of animal and animal permanent environment (PE). Heritability estimates ranged from 0.04±0.01 to 0.10±0.02 for FS80d, from 0.07±0.01 to 0.08±0.02 for PD100d and from 0.06±0.04 to 0.08±0.02 for PD200d depending on the two-trait combination. Although heritability estimates of most fertility traits were below 0.10, they were in close agreement with results published by other researchers using linear models. Genetic correlations between different fertility parameters analyzed in this study indicated that it is unlikely that a single characteristic would serve well for selection purposes; instead, combining different traits could be used in selection programmes to improve fertility. Further research in constructing an optimal fertility index is warranted. In the third part of this study, genetic parameters for South African Holstein cows for fertility and production traits were estimated from 2415 lactation records. Two-trait analysis of fertility and milk yield was investigated as a method to estimate fertility breeding values when culling, or selection based on milk yield in early lactation, determines presence or absence of fertility observations in later lactations. Fertility traits were days from calving to first service (CFS), days from calving to conception (DO), percentage cows inseminated within 80d post-partum (FS80d), number of service per conception (SPC), and the binary traits percentage of cows pregnant within 100d and 200d postpartum (PD100d, Pd200d). Milk production traits were 300 day milk, fat and protein yield. For fertility traits, range of estimates of heritability (h2) was 0.006 to 0.08 for linear traits and 0.05 to 0.12 for binary traits. The range for permanent environmental variance (c2) was 0.016 to 0.032. In this study genetic correlations of fertility with milk production traits were unfavourable ranging between −0.93 to 0.76. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Winsgewende melkproduksie en genetiese verbetering in melkkuddes hang grootliks af van vrugbare koeie wat op ‘n jaarlikse basis kalf. Verskeie studies toon dat die reproduksievermoë van Holsteinkoeie oor die afgelope 30 jaar afgeneem het. Melkboere gebruik tussenkalfperiode (TKP) en aantal inseminasies per konsepsie (KIPK) as aanduidings van die reproduksievermoë van melkkoeie. Dit is egter moeilik om hierdie eienskappe as vrugbaarheidseienskappe vir melkkoeie te gebruik omdat TKP afhanklik is van opeenvolgende kalfdatums terwyl KIPK baie sterk gekoppel is aan die inseminasievermoë van die insemineerders. In die eerste gedeelte van die studie word alternatiewe vrugbaarheidseienskappe, wat afgelei is van inseminasie- en kalfdatums en die uitslag van dragtigheidsondersoeke, beskryf. Die invloed van ‘n aantal nie-genetiese faktore op dié eienskappe word ook bespreek. Gemiddeldes±standaard afwykings vir die periode vanaf kalwing tot eerste inseminasie (CFS), die periode van kalwing tot konsepsie (DO) was 77±30 en 134±74 dae onderskeidelik, terwyl die aantal inseminasies per konsepsie (SPC) 2.55±1.79 was. Die persentasie eerste inseminasies wat binne 80 dae na kalwing (FS80d), en die persentasie koeie wat dragtig bevestig is binne 100 (PD100d) en 200 dae na kalwing (PD200d) was 0.64±0.48, 0.36±0.48 en 0.71±0.45, onderskeidelik. Hoewel vrugbaarheidseienskappe betekenisvol beïnvloed is deur laktasienommer, jaar en seisoen van kalwing, het kuddes (bestuurders) die grootste effek op eienskappe gehad. Vrugbaarheid is ‘n ingewikkelde eienskap en die uitdaging is om eienskappe te vind wat dit die beste beskryf. Genetiese parameters vir eienskappe wat oorweeg word sal ‘n aanduiding gee van die seleksieresponse in melkkuddes. In die tweede gedeelte van die studie is genetiese parameters van vrugbaarheidseienskappe en korrelasies tussen dié eienskappe beraam. Eienskappe is bekom vanaf reproduksiebestuursprogramme wat in melkkuddes gebruik word. Al die inseminasierekords (n = 69 181) van 26 645 laktasies van 9 046 Holsteinkoeie van 14 melkkuddes wat tussen 1991 en 2007 gekalf het, was beskikbaar. Die uitslag van elke inseminasie was bekend. Inseminasierekords is met die kalfdatum, laktasienommer, identifkasienommers van die moeder en vader van elke koei, gekoppel. Vrugbaarheidseienskappe wat die vermoë van koeie aandui om vroeg na kalwing op hitte te kom en beset te raak, is verkry. Die data is ontleed deur gebruik te maak van twee-eienskap liniêreliniêr- en liniêr-drempel-diere modelle met vaste effekte kudde (14 vlakke), jaar (17 vlakke), siesoen (4 vlakke) en laktasienommer (6 vlakke). Die modelle het die ewekansige effekte van dier- en dierpermananente omgewingseffkte (PE) ingesluit. Genetiese, diere PE en residuele korrelasies is vervolgens beraam. Oorerflikhede varieer vanaf 0.04±0.01 tot 0.10±0.02 vir FS80d, vanaf 0.07±0.01 tot 0.08±0.02 vir PD100d en vanaf 0.06±0.04 tot 0.08±0.02 vir PD200d, afhangende van die tweeeienskap kombinasie. Ten spyte daarvan dat die oorerflikhede van die meeste vrugbaarseienskappe laer as 0.10 is, is die resultate in ooreenstemming met ander navorsers wat liniëre modelle gebruik het. Genetiese korrelasies tussen verskillende vrugbaarheidseienskappe toon dat daar nie enkel beste eienskap is wat vir seleksiedoeleindes gebruik kan word nie. Dit sou waarskynlik beter wees om verskillende eienskappe te kombineer om die vrugbaarheid in melkkoeie te verbeter. Verdere navorsing is nodig om ‘n optimale vrugbaarheidseienskap te ontwikkel. Dit is belangrik dat die verband tussen reproduksie en melkproduksie vir melkkoeie bepaal word. In die derde gedeelte van die studie is genetiese parameters vir vrugbaarheid- en melkproduksieeienskappe vir Suid Afrikaanse Holsteinkoeie beraam. ‘n Totaal van 2415 laktasierekords was beskikbaar. Vrugbaarheid en melkproduksie is volgens ‘n twee-eienskap analise ontleed as ‘n metode om teelwaardes vir vrugbaarheid te bepaal in gevalle waar die uitskot of seleksie gebaseer op melkproduksie in vroeglaktasie die teenwoordigheid of afwesigheid van vrugbaarheidseienskappe in latere laktasies bepaal. Vrugbaarheidseienskappe was die periode (aantal dae) tussen kalfdatum en eerste inseminasie (CFS), die aantal dae van kalf tot konsepsie (DO), die persentasie koeie wat by 80 dae na kalf vir die eerste keer geïnsemineer was (FS80d), die aantal inseminasies per konsepsie (SPC), en binêre eienskappe van die persentasie koeie wat by 100 dae en 200 dae na kalf beset was (PD100d en PD200d). Melkproduksie-eienskappe was 300-dae melk., vet- en proteïnproduksie. Vir vrugbaarheidseienskappe het die oorerflikheidswaardes (h2) vanaf 0.006 tot 0.08 vir liniêre eienskappe gevarieer en tussen 0.05 tot 0.12 vir binêre eienskappe. Die permanente omgewingsvariansie (c2) het tussen 0.016 tot 0.032 gevarieer. In hierdie studie was die genetiese korrelasies tussen vrugbaarheidseienskappe en melkproduksie-eienskappe ongunstig en het dit tussen −0.93 tot 0.76 gevarieer.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estimar parâmetros genéticos de características de carcaça medidas por ultra-sonografia e de desenvolvimento ponderal em bovinos da raça Santa Gertrudis. O conjunto de dados é proveniente de 12 fazendas participantes do Programa de Melhoramento Animal da ABSG. As características analisadas foram, área de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea, peso ao nascimento, peso aos 120 dias de idade, peso a desmama, peso aos 12 meses de idade, peso aos 18 meses de idade, peso aos 24 meses de idade e perímetro escrotal aos 18 meses de idade. Os dados foram pré-ajustados para o efeito de idade pela metodologia de polinômios segmentados. Os componentes de (co)variância foram estimados por máxima verossimilhança restrita utilizando-se o software MTDFREML. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram obtidas em análises uni-característica, e em análises bi-características, as quais geraram estimativas de correlações genéticas das características de AOL, EGS com as características de desempenho ponderal. As estimativas de herdabilidade para AOL e EGS foram de 0,23±0,10 e 0,05±0,04, respectivamente. Os parâmetros encontrados neste trabalho são estimativas para uma amostra da população da raça Santa Gertrudis e sugerem-se estudos adicionais, para confirmar as estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para estimativas de carcaça obtidas por ultra-sonografia, para esta raça. / The present study has as objectives to estimate genetic parameters of carcass traits measured by ultrasound and traits of ponderal development in Santa Gertrudis beef cattle. All data set evaluated was originated from 12 farms participating of the Animal Breeding Program conduced by Grupo de Melhoramento Animal of the Universidade de Sao Paulo. The traits analyzed were rib eye area (REA), fat thickness (FAT), birth weight, weight at 120 days, weaning weight, weight at 12, 18 and 24 months and scrotal circumference at 18 months of age. The data were pre-adjusted for age effect by segmented polynomials methodology. The co-variance components were estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood using the MTDFREML software. The estimates of heritability were obtained from univariate analysis, while the genetic correlations between REA and FAT with traits of ponderal development were calculated from bivariate analysis. The heritability estimated for REA and FAT were of 0.23±0.10 and 0.05±0.04, respectively. All genetic parameters reported in this present study are estimated from a population sampling of Santa Gertrudis animals, being suggested additional research for genetic parameters evaluation of carcass traits measured by ultrasound. In the breed.