This thesis examines the role of exports and GMO regulations of the exporting country on the adoption of GM crops by its farmers. The analytic sample includes five major exporting countries including Argentina, Brazil, China, India, and Mexico. I focus only on the crop that is widely grown in each country. The crops are cotton, maize, and soybean. GMO regulations indices, which were constructed by Vigani et al, consists of four categories of different regulations related to import of GMO products. Relative impact of different aspects of GMO regulations on exports are assessed to get a better understanding of domestic production decisions of farmers in major exporting countries. The result for the approval process, risk assessment and international agreement suggested that, these regulations are not significant to influence the adoption rate of the GM crops. The exporting countries, especially the developing countries, usually reluctant to implement the GM regulations because of the high cost of completing the procedures.

Rural areas of New Mexico still exhibit post-colonial political patterns. In terms of its agricultural profile, subsistence farming has only recently (in the past generation) begun to give way to highly specialized, big-business farming interests. Older Hispanic and Pueblo communities struggle to maintain their farming traditions in the face of external economic factors. Now, with the increasing use of genetically-modified seeds on major farm operations and the ongoing development of a transgenic chile seed, a heritage crop, these populations are grappling with intellectual property issues and ecological implications that technological manipulation of native seeds bring. Other growers across the state also have serious concerns about their ability to grow crops from non-genetically modified seeds, as consumers have shown a preference for organic, non-genetically modified foods. Using the guiding analytical tools of Latour and Callon's Actor Network Theory (ANT), I assess the dynamics of power and influence among all agricultural stakeholders to find how a network of disparate elements can achieve “compromise among materially diverse elements” (Rutland and Aylett 2008). This work outlines a framework based on deliberative democratic principles to begin a participatory process that builds upon the disconnected agricultural network of New Mexico. A deliberative process enfranchises previously neglected stakeholders to develop an agricultural policy that deals with genetically engineered crops in a way that reflects the values and goals of the public. / text

Neatsiejama genetiškai modifikuotų organizmų (GMO) bei iš jų pagamintų produktų (GMP) teisinio reguliavimo dalis yra mokslas bei politika. –iame darbe analizuojamas GMO (GMP) teisinio reguliavimo raida ES ir Lietuvos Respublikoje. Nagrinėjamos tokios GMO ir GMP teisinio reguliavimo problemos, kaip etikos nuostatų suderinimas su žmogaus genų naudojimu kuriant maistui skirtus produktus; ES institucijų ir valstybių narių pozicijų išsikyrimas siekiant uždrausti apgalvotą GMO išleidimą į aplinką; visuomenės dalyvavimo priimant sprendimus dėl GMO (GMP) problematika ES ir Lietuvos Respublikoje – visuomenės „motyvuotos nuomonės“ instituto neefektyvumas. Taip pat analizuojamos ES teisės nuostatų dėl sankcijų nustatymo už GMO (GMP) reguliuojančių teisės aktų pažeidimus įgyvendinimo Lietuvos Respublikoje problemos t.y. nacionalinėje teisėje nenustačius atsakomybės pagrindiniams su GMO (GMP) veikla susijusiems juridiniams asmenims, praktiškai išlieka jų nebaudžiamumas; tai pat pažymėtina, kad teisės aktų, reglamentuojančių GMO ir GMP naudojimą, reikalavimų pažeidimai yra pakankamai skirtingo pobūdžio, o ATPK jie išvardinti viename straipsnyje, kartu numatyta gana didelis skiriamos baudos mažiausias dydis, - visa tai praktikoje sąlygoja nuobaudų neskyrimą bei neužtikrina Direktyvoje 2001/18/EB įtvirtintos sankcijos veiksmingumo, proporcingumo ir atgrasumo. Darbe nagrinėjamos tarptautinių sutarčių - Biologinės įvairovės ir Orhuso konvencijų - nuostatos dėl GMO bei jų įtaka ES ir Lietuvos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Science and politics are part and parcel of law regulation of genetically modified organisms (GMO) and products (GMP) made from them. This work analyses development of law regulation of GMO (GMP) in ES and Lithuanian Republic. Such problems as ethical attitude towards usage of human genes in food production, distinction of ES isntitutions and member states according to their position, in purpose to forbid deliberate release of GMO into environment, problems of society involvment in taking decisions about GMO (GMP) in ES and Lithuanian Republic, inefficiency of public institute of "motivated opinion" (public comments) are disscussed in this work. Such topics as realisation of ES rules for definition of sanctions for breaking laws of GMO (GMP) usage in Lithuania Republic and rules of international contracts, such as Cartagena protocol on biosafety to the convention on biological diversity and Orhus convention, and their influence upon law regulation in ES and Lithuanian Republic are also disscussed here.

During the past decade, there has been growing public attention and concern over consuming products containing or processed with genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Labeling of the food products derived from the use of GMOs has thereby been a contentious debate across the world. Currently, there are two systems with regard to labeling GMO-based products: mandatory versus voluntary. The purpose of this study was to survey the research on GMOs, its application in agriculture and the surrounding labeling issues. A theoretical model was developed to analyze non-GMO producers' labeling decisions under a voluntary labeling regime, aimed at providing a theoretical perspective for governments that are contemplating the adoption of a voluntary approach to regulate GMO food products. The analysis indicates that the size of labeling costs and consumers' preferences toward non-GMO products are critical factors that will impact on non-GMO producers' labeling decisions.

In recent years, foods produced by genetic engineering technology have been on the world food market. The biosafety aspects, regulations, and labelling of these foods are still contentious issues in most countries. It is necessary to have approval for the use of GMOs in the production of food. Thus, detection and quantification of GMOs play crucial role for developing regulations on GM foods. In this study, raw and processed maize samples were analysed for genetic modification using a DNA based detection method, the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Ten raw food and 18 processed maize food including maize flour, starch, corn flakes, maize chips were collected from different markets located in different places in Turkey. The samples were examined for the presence of genetic elements located in the majority of transgenic crops such as NOS terminator, CaMV 35S promoter, kanamycin resistance (KanR) gene, using conventional PCR with oligonucleotide sets targeting to novel genes. Furthermore screening was conducted via Real-Time PCR assay for NOS terminator and 35S promoter. For confirming the presence of Bt11 maize lines event specific primers were utilised. Quantification of Bt11 maize lines were performed via Real-Time PCR. The result indicates that foreign genetic elements were found in all analysed raw material. In six out of 10 raw material, presence of Bt11 gene were identified. GMO detection was also possible for maize flour and starch, however in processed material as corn starch, corn flakes, corn chips and pop corn, transgenes were not detected.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2007. / Title from title screen (site viewed Oct. 10, 2007). PDF text: xv, 325 p. : ill. UMI publication number: AAT 3258775. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- Lincoln University, 2006.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim and function of this paper is to provide a balanced account of how the media, international and South African, have dealt with the issue of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). A selection of interviews, presentations, articles, transcripts and published reports forms the background of this interpretation, and offers insight into the history of the technology, the major role players, the legislation required and implemented, the question of environmental accountability, and the power of the media's influence. It addresses aspects of the causal relationship between the media and public understanding, and the subsequent power of the consumer as manifested by the perception of risk. The central theme of genetic engineering conjures up a variety of meanings and applications, and the plethora of available information is evaluated in an attempt to develop informed understanding for reporters covering the many dimensions of this development within the arena of science and technology. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om 'n ewewigtige oorsig te verstrek van hoe die media - Suid-Afrikaans sowel as internasionaal - die kwessie van geneties gemodifiseerde organismes gehanteer het. 'n Seleksie onderhoude, aanbiedinge, artikels, transkripsies, en gepubliseerde verslae vorm die basis van hierdie interpretasie, en verskaf 'n insig in die geskiedenis van die tegnologie, die belangrike rolspelers, nodige en géimplementeerde wetgewing, die vraag van omgewingstoerekenbaarheid, en die mag van die media se invloed. Dit spreek aspekte aan van die kousale verwantskap tussen die media en begrip deur die algemene publiek, en die daaropvolgende mag van die verbruiker, soos dit duidelik word in hulle insig in en begrip van die risiko-faktor. Die sentrale tema van genetiese modifisering bring te voorskyn 'n verskeidenheid betekenisse en aanwendings; en 'n oorsig van die massa beskikbare inligting word hier aangebied in 'n poging om aan verslaggewers ingeligte begrip aan te bied van die veelsydige omvang van die ontwikkeling van genetiese modifisering in die gebied van wetenskap en tegnologie.

No description available.

Bt maize expressing Cry1Ab was approved for release in South Africa for control of Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in 1998. During 2012, a stacked Bt maize event, expressing Cry2Ab2 + Cry1A.105, was also approved for control of these abovementioned pests. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of two Bt maize events expressing Cry1Ab (MON810 and Bt11) and a Bt maize event expressing Cry2Ab2 + Cry1A.105 (MON89034) on selected lepidopteran non-target pest species and certain lepidopteran stem borer species in South Africa. Results from previous studies and this study will provide information regarding efficacy of Bt maize against pests which have not been evaluated yet. Insects with significance in maize agro-ecosystems in South Africa as well as the rest of Africa, were prioritised and laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effect of Bt maize against these selected target and non-target pest species. Studies were conducted on three stem borers C. partellus, Eldana saccharina and Sesamia calamistis and three nontarget lepidopteran pest species Agrotis segetum, Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exempta. Results showed that MON810 maize was not effective against A. segetum larvae feeding on maize seedlings. Differential levels of survival were observed between two A. segetum populations on MON89034 with a population from Polokwane showing survival on the stacked maize event. No S. exempta 1st instar larvae survived on MON810 and MON89034 but 3rd instar larvae survived on MON810 maize. Helicoverpa armigera larvae survived on ears of MON810 maize plants but not on events MON89034 or Bt 11. Results further indicated that C. partellus larvae were highly susceptible to these three Bt maize events. Larval survival of S. calamistis was recorded for larvae feeding on MON810 and Bt11 maize ears but not on MON89034 maize ears. Bt maize during the vegetative growth stages therefore effectively controlled C. partellus, S. calamistis and E. saccharina but the latter two species was not effectively controlled when feeding on ear tissue. This study provides important information on the effects of Bt maize on the most important non-target pest species of maize in sub-Saharan Africa. / MSc (Environmental Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015