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Scrapie ou paraplexia enzoótica dos ovinos é uma doença neurodegenerativa fatal que acomete ovinos e raramente caprinos. A doença é influenciada por polimorfismos nos códons 136, 154 e 171 do gene prnp que codifica a proteína priônica. Os animais podem ser susceptíveis ou resistentes, de acordo com as sequências alélicas observadas nos referidos códons. No Brasil ocorreram apenas casos de animais que foram importados, sendo o país considerado livre da doença. Neste trabalho foi realizada a genotipagem dos diferentes polimorfismos associados ao desenvolvimento do scrapie e a categorização em animais susceptíveis e resistentes. Foram sequenciadas 118 amostras provenientes de ovinos da raça Santa Inês criados em propriedades localizadas no Estado de São Paulo. Destas amostras foram identificados 6 alelos e 11 genótipos (ARQ/ARQ, ARR/ARQ, ARQ/AHQ, ARQ/VRQ, AHQ/AHQ, ARR/ARR, ARR/AHQ, VRQ/VRQ, ARQ/TRQ, TRR/TRR, TRQ/TRQ), dentre os quais o genótipo ARQ/ARQ teve ocorrência de 56,7%. Em nosso estudo foi detectada a presença da tirosina no códon 136, observação rara na medida em quenão existem relatos nacionais e relatos envolvendo a raça Santa Inês descrevendo este polimorfismo. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível determinar a existência de grande variabilidade genética relacionada à raça Santa Inês no Estado de São Paulo, apesar da variabilidade, apenas 1,69% dos genótipos observados são extremamente resistentes ao scrapie. Estes dados demonstram que a raça nativa Santa Inês pode ser considerada potencialmente susceptível ao scrapie. / Enzootic paraplexia or scrapie is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting mainly sheep and rarely goats. The disease is influenced by polymorphisms at codons 136, 154 and 171 of prnp gene that encodes the prion protein. The animals may be susceptible or resistant to the development of the disease according to the allelic sequences observed in these codons. In Brazil there were only cases of scrapie in imported animals, therefore the country is considered free of the disease. This study performed the genotyping of different polymorphisms associated to the development of scrapie. Then, based on these findings the animals were categorized in resistant and susceptible. A total of 118 samples were sequenced from the Santa Ines sheep raised on properties located in the State of Sao Paulo. From these samples, 6 alleles and 11 genotypes were identified (ARQ / ARQ, ARR / ARQ, ARQ / AHQ, ARQ / VRQ, AHQ / AHQ, ARR / ARR, ARR / AHQ, VRQ / VRQ, ARQ / TRQ, TRR / TRR, TRQ / TRQ), the genotype ARQ / ARQ presented a frequency of 56.7%. It was also detected the presence of tyrosine at codon 136, which may be considered a rare observation, since there is no report regarding Santa Ines breeding presenting this polymorphism. These results showed the great genetic variability in Santa Ines in Sao Paulo and only 1,69% of the genotypes observed are extremely resistant to scrapie. These data demonstrate that the Santa Ines sheep can be considered potentially susceptible to scrapie.

Scrapie ou paraplexia enzoótica dos ovinos é uma doença neurodegenerativa fatal que acomete ovinos e raramente caprinos. A doença é influenciada por polimorfismos nos códons 136, 154 e 171 do gene prnp que codifica a proteína priônica. Os animais podem ser susceptíveis ou resistentes, de acordo com as sequências alélicas observadas nos referidos códons. No Brasil ocorreram apenas casos de animais que foram importados, sendo o país considerado livre da doença. Neste trabalho foi realizada a genotipagem dos diferentes polimorfismos associados ao desenvolvimento do scrapie e a categorização em animais susceptíveis e resistentes. Foram sequenciadas 118 amostras provenientes de ovinos da raça Santa Inês criados em propriedades localizadas no Estado de São Paulo. Destas amostras foram identificados 6 alelos e 11 genótipos (ARQ/ARQ, ARR/ARQ, ARQ/AHQ, ARQ/VRQ, AHQ/AHQ, ARR/ARR, ARR/AHQ, VRQ/VRQ, ARQ/TRQ, TRR/TRR, TRQ/TRQ), dentre os quais o genótipo ARQ/ARQ teve ocorrência de 56,7%. Em nosso estudo foi detectada a presença da tirosina no códon 136, observação rara na medida em quenão existem relatos nacionais e relatos envolvendo a raça Santa Inês descrevendo este polimorfismo. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível determinar a existência de grande variabilidade genética relacionada à raça Santa Inês no Estado de São Paulo, apesar da variabilidade, apenas 1,69% dos genótipos observados são extremamente resistentes ao scrapie. Estes dados demonstram que a raça nativa Santa Inês pode ser considerada potencialmente susceptível ao scrapie. / Enzootic paraplexia or scrapie is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting mainly sheep and rarely goats. The disease is influenced by polymorphisms at codons 136, 154 and 171 of prnp gene that encodes the prion protein. The animals may be susceptible or resistant to the development of the disease according to the allelic sequences observed in these codons. In Brazil there were only cases of scrapie in imported animals, therefore the country is considered free of the disease. This study performed the genotyping of different polymorphisms associated to the development of scrapie. Then, based on these findings the animals were categorized in resistant and susceptible. A total of 118 samples were sequenced from the Santa Ines sheep raised on properties located in the State of Sao Paulo. From these samples, 6 alleles and 11 genotypes were identified (ARQ / ARQ, ARR / ARQ, ARQ / AHQ, ARQ / VRQ, AHQ / AHQ, ARR / ARR, ARR / AHQ, VRQ / VRQ, ARQ / TRQ, TRR / TRR, TRQ / TRQ), the genotype ARQ / ARQ presented a frequency of 56.7%. It was also detected the presence of tyrosine at codon 136, which may be considered a rare observation, since there is no report regarding Santa Ines breeding presenting this polymorphism. These results showed the great genetic variability in Santa Ines in Sao Paulo and only 1,69% of the genotypes observed are extremely resistant to scrapie. These data demonstrate that the Santa Ines sheep can be considered potentially susceptible to scrapie.

Submitted by Francine Silva (francine.silva@unipampa.edu.br) on 2016-09-28T20:54:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Análise Transcricional de Physcomitrium Acutifolium Broth. Por meio da Técnica de RNA-SEG um enfoque sobre o estresse por frio em plantas.pdf: 2456403 bytes, checksum: f125855c91a08aa6e84cb53239871aa3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-28T20:54:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Análise Transcricional de Physcomitrium Acutifolium Broth. Por meio da Técnica de RNA-SEG um enfoque sobre o estresse por frio em plantas.pdf: 2456403 bytes, checksum: f125855c91a08aa6e84cb53239871aa3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-29 / Os estresses abióticos são responsáveis pela indução de adaptações em plantas. Estas quando submetidas ao estresse, respondem através de mecanismos de sinalização nas rotas fisiológicas, desencadeando um processo de aclimatação. Entretanto, nem sempre este potencial de adaptação é expresso, mas se persistir ao longo do desenvolvimento da planta, torna-se uma adaptação oriunda de mudança genética. Consequentemente, essas alterações incipientes possam ser identificadas em nível transcricional, os precursores de algumas alterações genéticas importantes tais como splicing alternativo. Em ambientes polares a expressão de genes permitiu a adaptação das plantas a temperaturas de congelamento. Entre estas plantas estão os musgos, presentes nos ambientes de climas contrastantes, isto sugere que estes organismos tenham plasticidade fenotípica e genotípica. Ainda que haja poucos estudos destes organismos em relação a diferentes agentes estressores, é amplamente difundido que estes possuem potenciais de resistência aos estresses ambientais. Para descobrir estes potenciais de resistências é necessário estudar os genes relacionados especificamente com o fator estressor em questão, neste caso o estresse ao frio. Para tanto é necessário um processo de sequenciamento dos genes expressos quando a planta é submetida ao estresse. Neste estudo foram realizados testes com explantes cultivados in vitro do musgo Physcomitrium acutifolium Broth. em diferentes temperaturas, com 6 tratamentos variando de 0 a 25 ºC, seguidos das análises fenotípicas e posteriormente genômicas, incluindo processo de sequenciamento e identificação de genes expressos. Os resultados sugerem relação do estresse por baixas temperaturas e o potencial de expressão de genes relacionados ao estresse por frio neste musgo, principalmente por uma identificação de maiores ocorrências de splicing alternativo nas plantas cultivadas a temperatura mais baixa testada. Assim, o uso potencial de espécies de musgo em estudos relacionados à resistência ao congelamento em plantas, torna-se como uma alternativa interessante em processos de biotecnologia vegetal. / The abiotic stresses are responsible for inducing adaptations in plants. When subjected to stress, plants respond by signaling mechanisms in physiological pathways, starting a process of acclimatization. However, not every adaptation potential is identified in phenotypic level, but if the selection pressure led by the stress persist over plant development, there may be a change in genotypic level. Consequently, these incipient changes can be identified in transcriptional level, the precursors of some important genetic changes such as alternative splicing. In polar environments are noted that the plants were adapted to survive at low temperatures, this adjustment is related to the expression of genes, which confer them resistance to freezing. Among these plants are mosses, present in the environments of contrasting climates, this suggests that these organisms have phenotypic and genotypic plasticity. Even if there are few studies of these organisms in relation to different stressors, we know that these have the potential for resistance to environmental stresses. To discover these potential resistance is necessary to study the genes specifically related to the stressor in question, this study is the cold stress. Then you need a sequencing process is necessary genes expressed when the plant is subjected to stress. In this study were performed tests with cultured explants in vitro moss Physcomitrium acutifolium Broth. at different temperatures, with 6 treatments ranged from 0°C to 25°C, followed by phenotypic analysis and subsequently transcriptome analysis based in RNA sequencing process aiming to identify a differential gene expression. The results suggest stress relationship for low temperatures and the potential for expression of genes related to cold stress in this moss, mainly by an identification of a higher occurrences of alternative splicing in plants growing at lowest temperature tested. Thus, the potential use of moss species in studies related to plant resistance to freeze temperatures becomes as an interesting alternative in plant biotechnology processes.

Submitted by CARLOS EDUARDO GAMERO AGUILAR (kadugamero@hotmail.com) on 2018-06-10T16:48:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese Final - Corrigida.pdf: 1023064 bytes, checksum: d4d8bbb2e4f336192b04f878d0224be3 (MD5) Tese Final - Corrigida.doc: 3348480 bytes, checksum: bd9bbd6f82d4e2dc607526653a130694 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-06-12T17:38:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 aguilar_ceg_dr_jabo.pdf: 1023064 bytes, checksum: d4d8bbb2e4f336192b04f878d0224be3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-12T17:38:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 aguilar_ceg_dr_jabo.pdf: 1023064 bytes, checksum: d4d8bbb2e4f336192b04f878d0224be3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-04 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As espécies do grupo do Bacillus cereus estão na cadeia produtiva do leite associadas a problemas tecnológicos por produzirem metaloproteínases. O controle deste microrganismo se faz necessário devido aos prejuízos causados por perdas. Com o objetivo de verificar a presença do gene npr (produção de metaloproteínases), Plcr (regulador pleitrópico) e cspa (assinatura psicrotrófica), avaliar fenotipicamente os isolados quanto à capacidade proteolítica e mensurar a atividade deteriorante da mencionada enzima sobre a kappa-caseína, foram isolados da cadeia produtiva de lácteos, identificados e sequenciados genomicamente, microrganismos pertencentes ao grupo do Bacillus cereus que comprovadamente possuiam características proteolíticas e psicrotróficas. De 466 amostras, obteve-se 69 isolados de Bacillus cereus, sendo que o gene npr, fenótipo proteolítico e Plcr estavam presentes em, respectivamente, 97,1%, 92,7% (64) e 88,4% (61) das amostras. O gene cspa foi identificado em 100% das amostras. Entretanto, fenotipicamente apenas um isolado comportou-se como tal, sugerindo a existência de outros fatores para expressão desta característica. A concentração de ácido siálico elevou-se durante o tempo de prateleira do produto, na média, de 3,99 µg/mL para 4,45 µg/mL no primeiro e último dia, respectivamente. Assim, devido a ampla distribuição do Bacillus cereus associada a sua resistência térmica e a elevada frequência de características proteolíticas, faz-se necessário a obtenção higiênica do leite, minimizando contaminações, para que produtos de qualidade possam ser elaborados. / The species included in Bacillus cereus group are widespread in the dairy production chain and are often associated with technological failures in dairy products, due to the production of metalloproteinases. Controlling this microorganism is necessary due to economic losses. In order to assess the presence of npr gene (metalloproteinases production), Plcr (pleiotropic regulator) and cspa (psychotropic signature), proteolytic activity on plates and the spoilage potential of the enzyme on kappa-casein, Bacillus cereus samples which had proteolytic and psychotropic characteristics were isolated from dairy production chain and sequenced. A set of 69 isolates were obtained from 466 samples and the frequency of npr gene, proteolytic activity and Plcr were observed in, respectively, 97.1%, 92,7% and 88,4% of the samples. The cspa gene was present in all samples. However, only one sample demonstrated the psychotropic phenotype, suggesting the existence of other factors involved in the expression of this characteristic. Concentration of free sialic acid during the shelf life of pasteurized milk ranged from 3,99 µg/ml to 4.45 µg/ml in the first and last days of the storage period, respectively. Therefore, due to the wide distribution of Bacillus cereus associated with thermal resistance and high frequency of proteolytic features, hygienic milking practice is critical to decrease contamination and produce milk with higher quality. / FAPESP: 15/20874-0

Orientador: Ana Maria Centola Vidal / Resumo: As espécies do grupo do Bacillus cereus estão na cadeia produtiva do leite associadas a problemas tecnológicos por produzirem metaloproteínases. O controle deste microrganismo se faz necessário devido aos prejuízos causados por perdas. Com o objetivo de verificar a presença do gene npr (produção de metaloproteínases), Plcr (regulador pleitrópico) e cspa (assinatura psicrotrófica), avaliar fenotipicamente os isolados quanto à capacidade proteolítica e mensurar a atividade deteriorante da mencionada enzima sobre a kappa-caseína, foram isolados da cadeia produtiva de lácteos, identificados e sequenciados genomicamente, microrganismos pertencentes ao grupo do Bacillus cereus que comprovadamente possuiam características proteolíticas e psicrotróficas. De 466 amostras, obteve-se 69 isolados de Bacillus cereus, sendo que o gene npr, fenótipo proteolítico e Plcr estavam presentes em, respectivamente, 97,1%, 92,7% (64) e 88,4% (61) das amostras. O gene cspa foi identificado em 100% das amostras. Entretanto, fenotipicamente apenas um isolado comportou-se como tal, sugerindo a existência de outros fatores para expressão desta característica. A concentração de ácido siálico elevou-se durante o tempo de prateleira do produto, na média, de 3,99 µg/mL para 4,45 µg/mL no primeiro e último dia, respectivamente. Assim, devido a ampla distribuição do Bacillus cereus associada a sua resistência térmica e a elevada frequência de características proteolíticas, faz-se necessário a obtenção higiênic... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The species included in Bacillus cereus group are widespread in the dairy production chain and are often associated with technological failures in dairy products, due to the production of metalloproteinases. Controlling this microorganism is necessary due to economic losses. In order to assess the presence of npr gene (metalloproteinases production), Plcr (pleiotropic regulator) and cspa (psychotropic signature), proteolytic activity on plates and the spoilage potential of the enzyme on kappa-casein, Bacillus cereus samples which had proteolytic and psychotropic characteristics were isolated from dairy production chain and sequenced. A set of 69 isolates were obtained from 466 samples and the frequency of npr gene, proteolytic activity and Plcr were observed in, respectively, 97.1%, 92,7% and 88,4% of the samples. The cspa gene was present in all samples. However, only one sample demonstrated the psychotropic phenotype, suggesting the existence of other factors involved in the expression of this characteristic. Concentration of free sialic acid during the shelf life of pasteurized milk ranged from 3,99 µg/ml to 4.45 µg/ml in the first and last days of the storage period, respectively. Therefore, due to the wide distribution of Bacillus cereus associated with thermal resistance and high frequency of proteolytic features, hygienic milking practice is critical to decrease contamination and produce milk with higher quality. / Doutor

The flagellum of Trypanosoma brucei contains a family of antigenically related EF-hand calcium-binding proteins which are called the calflagins. Genomic Southern blots indicated that multiple copies of calflagin genes occur in T brucei. All of the copies were contained in a single 23 kb Xhol-Xhol fragment. Genomic fragments of 2.5 and 1.7 kb were cloned that encoded calflagin sequences. Two new members of the calflagin family were found from genomic clone sequences. The deduced amino acid sequences of the genomic clones showed the calflagin genes were arranged tandemly along the genomic fragments and were similar to previously described calflagins. The calflagin genes were related by two unrelated 3' flanking sequences. An open reading frame that was unrelated to any calflagin was found at the 5' end of the 2.5 kb genomic fragment. Each encoded protein (~24,000u) contained three EF-hand calcium-binding motifs and one degenerate EF-hand motif. In general, variability among the T. brucei calflagins is greater than related proteins in T. lewisii and T. cruzi. This variability results from amino acid substitutions at the amino and carboxy termini, and duplication of internal segments.

Leukemi är en form av cancer som kan vara en dödlig sjukdom. För att rehabilitera och behandla sjukdomen krävs det en korrekt och tidig diagnostisering. För att minska väntetiden för testresultaten har de ordinära metoderna transformerats till automatiserade datorverktyg som kan analyser och diagnostisera symtom.I detta arbete, utfördes det en komparativ studie. Det man jämförde var två olika metoder som detekterar leukemia. Den ena metoden är en genetisk sekvenserings metod som är en binär klassificering och den andra metoden en bildbehandlings metod som är en fler-klassad klassificeringsmodell. Modellerna hade olika inmatningsvärden, däremot använde sig de båda av Convolutional neural network (CNN) som nätverksarkitektur och fördelade datavärdena med en 3-way cross-validation teknik. Utvärderings metoderna för att analysera resultaten är learning curves, confusion matrix och klassifikation rapport. Resultaten visade att den genetiska sekvenserings metoden hade fler antal värden som var korrekt förutsagda med 98 % noggrannhet. Den presterade bättre än bildbehandlings metoden som hade värde på 81% noggrannhet. Storlek på de olika datauppsättningar kan vara en orsak till algoritmernas olika testresultat. / Leukemia is a form of cancer that can be a fatal disease, and to rehabilitate and treat it requires a correct and early diagnosis. Standard methods have transformed into automated computer tools for analyzing, diagnosing, and predicting symptoms.In this work, a comparison study was performed by comparing two different leukemia detection methods. The methods were a genomic sequencing method, which is a binary classification model and a multi-class classification model, which was an images-processing method. The methods had different input values. However, both of them used a Convolutional neural network (CNN) as network architecture. They also split their datasets ​​using 3-way cross-validation. The evaluation methods for analyzing the results were learning curves, confusion matrix, and classification report. The results showed that the genome model had better performance and had several numbers of values ​​that were correctly predicted with a total accuracy of 98%. This value was compared to the image processing method results that have a value of 81% total accuracy. The size of the different data sets can be a cause of the different test results of the algorithms.

Background: Genomic sequencing is used in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) to diagnose babies with genetic disorders. Purpose: To explore the experiences and knowledge of nurses working in NICUs related to genomic sequencing. Methods: This was a mixed-methods, cross-sectional descriptive survey of NICU nurses attending a national conference. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were coded into categories and themes. Results: Of 188 NICU nurses, nearly half reported experience with genomic sequencing. Among nurses with experience, 62.7% rated the amount of discussion they had with families about genomic sequencing as "0". Additionally, 72.7% of participants reported feeling unprepared to discuss genomic sequencing. NICU nurses identified potential harms and benefits associated with disclosing incidental findings, and most (83.6%) were in support of revealing incidental findings. Conclusions: To better support NICU families, nurses need to increase their understanding of genomic sequencing and increase their ability to provide genomics-informed nursing care.