Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Durchführung von Diskussionen im Geographieunterricht und den in ihnen gezeigten Leistungen der Teilnehmer. Dafür werden die Ergebnisse einer quantitativen Beobachtungsstudie sowie einer qualitativen videobasierten Unterrichtsanalyse präsentiert. Die Auswertung der erhobenen Daten erfolgt auf der Grundlage der geforderten Kommunikationskompetenzstandards der DGfG (2012) sowie geeigneter Richtlinien und Modelle zum Aufbau von Argumenten und Diskussionen aus der Fachliteratur. Hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit von Diskussionen im Geographieunterricht zeigt die systematische Beobachtung von 1414 Geographiestunden in Berlin und Brandenburg die Seltenheit solcher Gesprächsereignisse im Unterricht. Die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse von neun videographierten Unterrichtsdiskussionen in der Sekundarstufe I und II offenbart wenig fachspezifische Argumentationen sowie eine defizitäre Beachtung wichtiger Diskussionsschritte. Die Schüler haben Schwierigkeiten bei der Einhaltung bestimmter Diskussionsregeln und der Formulierung komplexer, gültiger oder wissensbasierter Argumentationen sowie angemessener Argumentationskritik und Reaktion auf sie. Die Lehrkräfte weisen die Schüler nur begrenzt auf diese Defizite hin bzw. unterstützen sie nur bedingt bei ihrer Überwindung. Als Erklärung für die Forschungsergebnisse scheinen Zeitdruck im Unterricht, Orientierung an Rahmenlehrplänen und eine eingeschränkte Lehrerprofessionalität bedeutend zu sein. Letztere beruht vermutlich verstärkt auf Versäumnissen der Lehramtsausbildung hinsichtlich der Vermittlung von Kenntnissen bezüglich der Führung erfolgreicher Unterrichtsdiskussionen, der Hilfestellungen für die Schüler bei der Gestaltung dieser komplexen Kommunikationsform und einer spezifisch geographischen Fachidentität. Abschließend soll ein exemplarischer Vorschlag zeigen, wie erfolgreiche Diskussionen im Geographieunterricht unter den Bedingungen eines Einstundenfaches aussehen könnten. / The present work deals with the implementation of classroom discussions in geography lessons and the performance of the participants observed in their framework. Thus, the results of a quantitative observational study and a qualitative video-based classroom analysis are presented. The analysis of the data collected is carried out on the basis of communication skills required by the standards formulated by the DGfG (2012) and relevant guidelines and models for the composition of arguments and discussions. The systematic observation of 1414 geography lessons in Berlin and Brandenburg shows that discussions rarely take place in the classroom. The qualitative content analysis of nine videotaped classroom discussions in the secondary level I and II reveals little subject-specific argument and a deficient realisation of important discussion steps. Students show difficulties in complying with certain rules for discussions and the formulation of complex, valid or knowledge-based argumentations, as well as the formulation of appropriate criticism and reactions to it. The teachers refer to these problems only in a limited way and give students little support in overcoming them. As an explanation for these results time constraints in the classroom, focus on core curricula and limited teacher professionalism seem to be significant. The latter is probably largely based on shortcomings in teacher education, especially with regard to the transfer of knowledge concerning the management of successful classroom discussions, giving advice to students in the design of this complex form of communication and a specific geographical identity. Finally, an exemplary proposal shall demonstrate the course of a successful classroom discussion in geography lessons under the conditions of only one lesson per week.

O presente trabalho consiste, primeiramente, de uma pesquisa teórica que almejou fundamentar aquilo que lhe seguiu: uma pesquisa-ação, efetivada e apresentada aqui, na área do ensino de Geografia para os primeiros anos do ensino fundamental. A pesquisa-ação pretendeu estruturar situações de ensino envolvendo conceitos geográficos para os anos iniciais de forma a mostrar sua relevância para a compreensão do próprio espaço vivido por parte dos educandos. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma escola da rede privada de Caxias do Sul, com duas professoras regentes do 3º ano, e é de natureza qualitativa, pois pautou-se nos pressupostos da metodologia da pesquisa-ação. A mesma foi efetivada em encontros presenciais entre a pesquisadora e as professoras, e encontros semipresenciais entre as educadoras. Esses momentos possibilitaram debates em torno do processo de formação de conceitos na criança, embasado na teoria sociocultural de Vygotsky e sobre o ensino de Geografia na fase inicial da alfabetização. Foram utilizados autores que estudam a presença dessa disciplina no ensino. Tais encontros possibilitaram a organização e implementação de atividades no fazer pedagógico das educadoras levando em conta o aparato conceitual da Geografia no estudo do município de Caxias do Sul. As metodologias empregadas permitiram que os alunos identificassem e compreendessem diversos aspectos do meio em que viviam. Esse tipo de investigação permite que o pesquisador atue, no local escolhido para a pesquisa, como um agente contextualizado que busca aproximar discussões teóricas e contribuir para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. A análise dos resultados revelaram que esse tipo de aproximação da pesquisadora do lócus da pesquisa oportuniza novos olhares sobre os processos de aprendizagem, em especial em relação ao ensino de Geografia, o qual mostra contribuir imensamente na fase de escolarização, como essa pesquisa o demonstra. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-30T18:13:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jordana Bogo.pdf: 2761817 bytes, checksum: 386f2294320d26a0aa0a00c25efbfe9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-30T18:13:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Jordana Bogo.pdf: 2761817 bytes, checksum: 386f2294320d26a0aa0a00c25efbfe9f (MD5) / This work consists primarily of a theoretical research that sought to justify what followed: an action research, showed and presented here. This action research has the intend to structure teaching situations involving geographical concepts for the early years to show its relevance to the understanding of space itself experienced by students. This study was conducted in a private school in Caxias do Sul, with two conductors teachers of the third year, and this research is qualitative, it was based on the assumptions of the methodology of action research. The research was made on face meetings between the researcher and the teachers, and half-face meetings between the educators. These meetings enabled discussion around the process of concept formation in the child, based on Vygotsky´s sociocultural theory and the teaching of geography in early literacy. Authors who study the presence of geography in education were used to this study. These meetings also allowed the organization and implementation of the pedagogical activities of educators taking into account the conceptual apparatus of geography in the study of the city of Caxias do Sul. The methods used allowed the students to identify and understand various aspects of the environment in which they lived. This type of research allows the researcher to act in the place chosen for the research, as an agent in context which aims to bring the theoretical discussions and contribute to the teaching-learning. The results showed that this type of approach a researcher at the place of research nurture new ways of understanding the learning processes, particularly in relation to the teaching of geography, which shows contribute immensely in the process of schooling, as this survey demonstrates.

O presente trabalho consiste, primeiramente, de uma pesquisa teórica que almejou fundamentar aquilo que lhe seguiu: uma pesquisa-ação, efetivada e apresentada aqui, na área do ensino de Geografia para os primeiros anos do ensino fundamental. A pesquisa-ação pretendeu estruturar situações de ensino envolvendo conceitos geográficos para os anos iniciais de forma a mostrar sua relevância para a compreensão do próprio espaço vivido por parte dos educandos. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma escola da rede privada de Caxias do Sul, com duas professoras regentes do 3º ano, e é de natureza qualitativa, pois pautou-se nos pressupostos da metodologia da pesquisa-ação. A mesma foi efetivada em encontros presenciais entre a pesquisadora e as professoras, e encontros semipresenciais entre as educadoras. Esses momentos possibilitaram debates em torno do processo de formação de conceitos na criança, embasado na teoria sociocultural de Vygotsky e sobre o ensino de Geografia na fase inicial da alfabetização. Foram utilizados autores que estudam a presença dessa disciplina no ensino. Tais encontros possibilitaram a organização e implementação de atividades no fazer pedagógico das educadoras levando em conta o aparato conceitual da Geografia no estudo do município de Caxias do Sul. As metodologias empregadas permitiram que os alunos identificassem e compreendessem diversos aspectos do meio em que viviam. Esse tipo de investigação permite que o pesquisador atue, no local escolhido para a pesquisa, como um agente contextualizado que busca aproximar discussões teóricas e contribuir para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. A análise dos resultados revelaram que esse tipo de aproximação da pesquisadora do lócus da pesquisa oportuniza novos olhares sobre os processos de aprendizagem, em especial em relação ao ensino de Geografia, o qual mostra contribuir imensamente na fase de escolarização, como essa pesquisa o demonstra. / This work consists primarily of a theoretical research that sought to justify what followed: an action research, showed and presented here. This action research has the intend to structure teaching situations involving geographical concepts for the early years to show its relevance to the understanding of space itself experienced by students. This study was conducted in a private school in Caxias do Sul, with two conductors teachers of the third year, and this research is qualitative, it was based on the assumptions of the methodology of action research. The research was made on face meetings between the researcher and the teachers, and half-face meetings between the educators. These meetings enabled discussion around the process of concept formation in the child, based on Vygotsky´s sociocultural theory and the teaching of geography in early literacy. Authors who study the presence of geography in education were used to this study. These meetings also allowed the organization and implementation of the pedagogical activities of educators taking into account the conceptual apparatus of geography in the study of the city of Caxias do Sul. The methods used allowed the students to identify and understand various aspects of the environment in which they lived. This type of research allows the researcher to act in the place chosen for the research, as an agent in context which aims to bring the theoretical discussions and contribute to the teaching-learning. The results showed that this type of approach a researcher at the place of research nurture new ways of understanding the learning processes, particularly in relation to the teaching of geography, which shows contribute immensely in the process of schooling, as this survey demonstrates.