The perception and understanding of human motion and action is an important area of research in computer vision that plays a crucial role in various applications such as surveillance, HCI, ergonomics, etc. In this thesis, we focus on the recognition of actions in the case of varying viewpoints and different and unknown camera intrinsic parameters. The challenges to be addressed include perspective distortions, differences in viewpoints, anthropometric variations, and the large degrees of freedom of articulated bodies. In addition, we are interested in methods that require little or no training. The current solutions to action recognition usually assume that there is a huge dataset of actions available so that a classifier can be trained. However, this means that in order to define a new action, the user has to record a number of videos from different viewpoints with varying camera intrinsic parameters and then retrain the classifier, which is not very practical from a development point of view. We propose algorithms that overcome these challenges and require just a few instances of the action from any viewpoint with any intrinsic camera parameters. Our first algorithm is based on the rank constraint on the family of planar homographies associated with triplets of body points. We represent action as a sequence of poses, and decompose the pose into triplets. Therefore, the pose transition is broken down into a set of movement of body point planes. In this way, we transform the non-rigid motion of the body points into a rigid motion of body point iii planes. We use the fact that the family of homographies associated with two identical poses would have rank 4 to gauge similarity of the pose between two subjects, observed by different perspective cameras and from different viewpoints. This method requires only one instance of the action. We then show that it is possible to extend the concept of triplets to line segments. In particular, we establish that if we look at the movement of line segments instead of triplets, we have more redundancy in data thus leading to better results. We demonstrate this concept on “fundamental ratios.” We decompose a human body pose into line segments instead of triplets and look at set of movement of line segments. This method needs only three instances of the action. If a larger dataset is available, we can also apply weighting on line segments for better accuracy. The last method is based on the concept of “Projective Depth”. Given a plane, we can find the relative depth of a point relative to the given plane. We propose three different ways of using “projective depth:” (i) Triplets - the three points of a triplet along with the epipole defines the plane and the movement of points relative to these body planes can be used to recognize actions; (ii) Ground plane - if we are able to extract the ground plane, we can find the “projective depth” of the body points with respect to it. Therefore, the problem of action recognition would translate to curve matching; and (iii) Mirror person - We can use the mirror view of the person to extract mirror symmetric planes. This method also needs only one instance of the action. Extensive experiments are reported on testing view invariance, robustness to noisy localization and occlusions of body points, and action recognition. The experimental results are very promising and demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed invariants. iv

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Durán Fernández / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T19:52:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Peixoto_CintiaRodriguesdeAraujo_D.pdf: 2016009 bytes, checksum: 51b7c0e37f8a49e57e6bdb92841cc4de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Neste trabalho estudamos a geometria de curvas de n-subespaços em Rkn, onde k é um natural qualquer, usando a mesma abordagem introduzida por J. C. Álvarez e C. Durán. Para isso generalizamos o endomorfismo fundamental e o descrevemos como um mergulho equivariante dos (k-1)-jets de curvas na Grassmanniana na álgebra de Lie de Gl(kn). Para descrição da geometria das curvas, analisamos as invariantes lineares obtidos do endomorfismo fundamental, comparados com os invariantes obtidos dos sistemas de equações diferenciais ordinárias de ordem k associados à curva. Como conseqüências, obtemos ainda uma solução para o problema de congruência de curvas na Grassmanniana e alguns casos especiais de curvas. / Abstract: In this work we study the geometry of curves of n-subspaces in Rkn, where k is any natural number. We use the same approach introduced by J. C. Álvarez e C. Durán. In order to this, we generalize the fundamental endomorphism and we describe it as a equivariant embedding of (k-1)-jets of curves in Grassmannian manifold to the Lie Algebra of Gl(kn). We describe the curve geometry analyzing the linear invariants that we obtain from the fundamental endomorphism and from the ordinary differential systems of equations with order k associated with the curve. We obtain in consequence the solution of the congruence problem for curves in the Grassmannian and some special cases of curves. / Doutorado / Geometria Diferencial / Doutor em Matemática

Orientador: Dessislava Hristova Kochloukova / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T11:19:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_FrancismarFerreira_M.pdf: 2264816 bytes, checksum: 31f3b411247775dcde6338655fbd496b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The complete Abstract is available with the full electronic document. / Mestrado / Matematica / Mestre em Matemática

Orientador: Dessislava Hristova Kochloukova / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T20:07:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_KisnneyEmilianode_D.pdf: 833428 bytes, checksum: 3f425f5150e4ce7915c42d59f2a772be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A teoria de ?-invariantes surgiu do trabalho de Bieri e Strebel, que definiram o primeiro ?-invariante, apenas para grupos metabelianos, e o usaram para descrever os grupos metabelianos finitamente gerados [BiSt]. Posteriormente, foram definidos os ?m-invariantes homotópicos e homológicos de grupos finitamente gerados arbitrários [BiNSt]. Estes são certos subconjuntos da esfera de caracteres profundamente relacionados às propriedades de finitude Fm e FPm, respectivamente. Os grupos de Artin formam uma grande classe de grupos, cada um associado a um grafo rotulado, que inclui algumas subclasses importantes, como "Braid groups" e "Rightangled Artin groups"...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The ?-invariants theory arose from the work of Bieri and Strebel, who defined the first ?-invariant, for metabelian groups only, and used it to describe the finitely presented metabelian groups [BiSt]. Later on, the homotopical and homological ?m-invariants of arbitrary finitely generated groups were defined [BiRe]. These are certain subsets of the sphere of characters deeply related to the finiteness properties Fm and FPm, respectively. The Artin groups form a large class of groups, each one associated to a labeled graph, that includes some important subclasses, as Braid groups and Right-angled Artin groups...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document / Doutorado / Matematica / Doutor em Matemática

Orientadores: Carlos Eduardo Durán Fernandez, Marcos Benevenutto Jardim / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T11:28:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vitorio_HenriquedeBarrosCorreia_D.pdf: 1074812 bytes, checksum: e23ca71f5e87d6990c05425cdcb87bee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A presente tese dá continuidade ao recente trabalho de J.C . Álvarez e C.E. Durán acerca dos invariantes geométricos de uma classe genérica de curvas em variedades de Grassmann, ditas "curvas fanning". Mais precisamente, considera-se como tais curvas de planos lagrangeanos comportam-se mediante uma redução simplética, e conclui-se a existência de dois novos invariantes que desempenham um papel fundamental neste contexto, mais notavelmente a maneira pela qual eles generalizam as bem conhecidas fórmulas de O'Neill para submersões isométricas / Abstract: The present thesis gives continuity to the recent work of J.C. Álvarez e C.E. Durán about the geometric invariants of a generic class of curves in the Grassmann manifolds, called "fanning curves". More precisely, we look at how such curves of lagrangean planes behave under a symplectic reduction, and establish the existence of two new invariants which play a fundamental role in that context, more notably the way they generalize the well known O'Neill's formulas for isometric submersions / Doutorado / Matematica / Doutor em Matemática

Orientador: Dessislava Hristova Kochloukova / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T02:25:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_LeonardodeAmorine_D.pdf: 582293 bytes, checksum: ed3c907af5279b8923c782d730bcf1d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Nesta tese consideramos uma extensão cindida G de um grupo abeliano A por um grupo nilpotente (de classe 2) Q e provamos dois resultados. Primeiro, se Q age nilpotentemente sobre A e G tem tipo FP2, calculamos o sigma invariante de G em dimensão 2. Segundo, se G tem tipo FP4, mostramos que cada quociente de G tem tipo FP4 / Abstract: In this thesis we consider a split extension G of an abelian group A by a nilpotent group (class 2) Q and prove two results. First, if Q acts nilpotently on A and G has type FP2, compute the sigma invariant of G in dimension 2. Second, if G has type FP4, we show that every quotient G has type FP4 / Doutorado / Matematica / Doutora em Matemática