Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleusiane Vieira Silva.pdf: 6400182 bytes, checksum: 6c0d40d69c8f2b844eb2ae51a0dac0bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aimed to investigate how an environment of action and reflection that involves the pre-analysis , reflections on the pre-analysis , experimentation with students from Elementary School II , post-analysis and reflections on the post-analysis that is related to a didactic sequence on orthogonal symmetric , interferes in the Mathematics teachers knowledge , in the mentioned level. Nevertheless, this research aimed to answer the following question: how can an environment of action and reflection that is constituted in the times for the Complementary Activities, influence the Mathematics teachers (from Elementary School II) knowledge on orthogonal symmetric? The methodology that was used in this study was based on the presupposition of Didactical Engineering according to Artigue (1995) and on the contributions by Schön (1995; 2000). The theoretical referential had its basis on the Theory of Didactical Situations - Brousseau (1997) - to do a study on the influence of the didactical variables that were chosen in the Math teachers (Elementary School II) procedures and answers, as well as their students , and Margolinas (2002; 2004) to hold an analysis on the teacher s activity, in view of understanding how he/she develops the teaching practice and how it can influence students learning. Yet, the theoretical referential was based in Parzysz Picture of Geometric Paradigms (2001; 2006), in the analysis of the nature of the geometric work that is developed by teachers in the moments of construction and analysis of problem situations, and by students in the moments of interaction with these problems. The studies by Grenier (1988) were used as a reference in order to observe the students conceptions of Elementary School II according to orthogonal symmetric. The analysis of the registers that had been provided by the students made it possible the identification of conceptions that are related to the orthogonal symmetric some of them corroborate with the results from studies done by Grenier (1988); other ones seem to be specific in the group of investigated students. The analysis of registers of Math teachers also showed some concepts about orthogonal symmetric, and these conceptions seem to be related to the way this concept is presented in the course books. During the investigation, teachers had the opportunity to evaluate their own practice and reflected on the teaching methods they were using, to really know if they were working or not with their students. It was noted that an environment of action and reflection that is constituted at school, have influence on Math teachers knowledge, but this influence is limited / Esta tese teve por objetivo investigar como um ambiente de ação e reflexão, que envolve a pré-análise, reflexões sobre a pré-análise, experimentação com alunos do Ensino Fundamental II, pós-análise e reflexões sobre a pós-análise relacionadas a uma sequência didática sobre a simetria ortogonal, interfere nos saberes docentes de professores de Matemática desse mesmo nível de ensino. Portanto, foi pretensão desta pesquisa responder à seguinte questão: como um ambiente de ação e reflexão constituído nos horários destinados às Atividades Complementares (A.C.) pode influenciar os saberes docentes de professores de Matemática do Ensino Fundamental II, sobre a simetria ortogonal? A metodologia utilizada para este estudo apoiou-se nos pressupostos da Engenharia Didática, segundo Artigue (1995) e nas contribuições de Schön (1995; 2000). O referencial teórico baseou-se na Teoria das Situações Didáticas de Brousseau (1997), para fazer um estudo sobre a influência das variáveis didáticas escolhidas nos procedimentos e respostas de professores de Matemática do Ensino Fundamental II e de seus alunos, e Margolinas (2002; 2004), para realizar a análise da atividade do professor no sentido de compreender como esse profissional desenvolve sua prática docente e como esta influência na aprendizagem dos alunos. O referencial teórico baseou-se ainda no quadro dos Paradigmas Geométricos de Parzysz (2001; 2006) na análise da natureza do trabalho geométrico desenvolvido por professores nos momentos de resolução e análise das situações-problema e por alunos nos momentos de interação com essas mesmas situações-problema. Foram utilizados, como trabalho de referência, os estudos de Grenier (1988) para observar as concepções de alunos do Ensino Fundamental II quanto à simetria ortogonal. A análise nos registros fornecidos pelos alunos propiciou a identificação de concepções relativas à simetria ortogonal, algumas corroboram os resultados obtidos nos estudos realizados por Grenier (1988), outras parecem específicas do grupo de alunos investigado. A análise nos registros de professores de Matemática também expôs algumas concepções acerca da simetria ortogonal, cujas concepções parecem estar relacionadas à forma como esse conceito é apresentado nos livros didáticos. Durante a investigação, os professores avaliaram a própria prática e ponderaram sobre os métodos de ensino adotados por eles, no sentido de observar se tais métodos estão ou não surtindo efeito na aprendizagem de seus alunos. Constatou-se que um ambiente de ação e reflexão, constituído na escola, influencia nos saberes docentes de professores de Matemática, embora sua influência seja limitada

Durant leur parcours au secondaire (12 à 17 ans), les élèves sont amenés à résoudre des problèmes de preuves en classe de mathématiques (MELS, 2006a, 2006b). En géométrie, ces preuves doivent s’appuyer sur un référentiel théorique composé de propriétés et de définitions (Kuzniak et Richard, 2014). Afin de dégager les particularités des référentiels utilisés en classe, nous avons relevé et analysé les propriétés et les définitions de dix-neuf ouvrages scolaires québécois de 1re secondaire à la 5e secondaire. Chacun des éléments ainsi relevés a été identifié selon les concepts sous-tendus dans leurs énoncés, leurs valeurs épistémiques possibles, leur dépendance à une figure et leur place au sein du chapitre. Cette étude se base sur le concept des paradigmes géométriques (Houdement et Kuzniak, 2006) et le modèle des Espaces de Travail Mathématique (ETM) (Kuzniak et Richard, 2014) où le référentiel fait partie de la genèse discursive engendrée par un travail mathématique. L’étude des référentiels montre que plusieurs modalités discursives dans leur enseignement peuvent générer des difficultés lorsque vient le temps de les utiliser dans une preuve. Cette étude confirme aussi l’oscillation entre les paradigmes géométriques (Gauthier, 2015; Tanguay et Geeraerts, 2012) dans l’enseignement de la géométrie. Enfin, nous proposons un référentiel possible pour un agent tuteur d’aide à la démonstration selon le curriculum québécois. / During their high school career (12 to 17 years old), students are required to solve proof-based problems in their mathematics classes (MELS, 2006a, 2006b). In geometry, these mathemactical proofs must be supported by a theoretical referential of properties and definitions (Kuzniak et Richard, 2014). To determine the specifics of the referentials used in classes, we noted and analyzed the properties and definitions of nineteen Quebec secondary school textbooks. Each item was identified according to the concepts underlying in their statements, their possible epistemic value, their reliance on a figure, and their placement in the chapter. This study is based on the concept of geometric paradigms (Houdement et Kuzniak, 2006) and on the Mathematical Working Space model (MWS or ETM in French) (Kuzniak et Richard, 2014) where the referential is part of the discursive genesis generated by a mathematical work. This study on referentials demonstrates that there are many discursive modalities used in teaching, which can produce difficulties when they are required to be used in a proof. This study also confirms the oscillation between the geometric paradigms (Gauthier, 2015; Tanguay et Geeraerts, 2012) when teaching geometry. Furthermore, we propose a possible referential to be used in a demonstration aid tutor in accordance with Quebec’s curriculum.