Im Freistaat Sachsen werden ca. 11.000 Gebäude mit Erdwärme klimatisiert. Genutzt wird die Wärme aus der Tiefe vor allem bei Ein- und Mehrfamilienhäusern zur Heizung und Warmwasserbereitung. Bei Planung und Bau von Erdwärmeanlagen sind Aspekte der Qualitätssicherung und rechtliche Vorgaben zu beachten. Interessierten Bürgern, Planern und Bohrfirmen werden u. a. folgende Fragen beantwortet: Welche Nutzungsformen der Erdwärme gibt es? Welche Qualitätsanforderungen, Richtlinien und Gesetze sind einzuhalten? Wie wird eine Anlage richtig geplant? Wo und wie werden Bohrungen bei Behörden beantragt?

Protective cultivation is widely used nowadays in order to increase crop yield by creating the optimum conditions such as temperature, humidity and CO2 content, irrespective of outside conditions. Since plant production doubles for every 10 degrees increase in temperature to a certain limit, this makes temperature a very important factor for optimum plant growth. In order to keep the greenhouse temperature constant during changes in outside conditions, heating and often cooling are required. Heating of a greenhouse can be done using different systems and design procedures. The applicability of different types of greenhouses is studied at the field local conditions, &Ccedil / avundur-&Ccedil / ankiri, Turkey. Required heating load was calculated that is due to infiltration and conduction through the greenhouse cover at a single design point, which is the minimum outside temperature. Two types of heating systems, soil heating system and bare tube system, were considered. Analysis of results showed that, &Ccedil / avundur geothermal field with 54 &deg / C fluid temperature is suitable for greenhouse heating. Although the existing well &Ccedil / -1 is capable of producing 47 l/s, the flow rate of geothermal fluid for greenhouse heating was limited by 35 l/s due to existing thermal facilities in the area. Among different glazing materials, plastic film covered greenhouses with double poly was found to be the most suitable in terms of heat load calculations. The maximum number of greenhouses (the area of each green house is 216 m2) that can be heated by &Ccedil / avundur Geothermal field was found to be 138 by considering soil heating with double poly glazing material. Annual heat load factor of geothermal energy for greenhouse heating in &Ccedil / avundur area was found to be as high as 96% depending on indoor design temperature and base load.

In drei Gebieten Sachsens wurde durch einen Forschungsverbund unter Leitung des LfULG die Nutzung der petrothermalen Geothermie zur Strom- und Wärmegewinnung untersucht. In der Elbezone im Raum Dresden, in Freiberg und Aue-Schneeberg wurden geologische, petrophysikalische und thermische Daten aufgearbeitet und dreidimensionale Modelle bewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Stromerzeugung durch Tiefenaufschlüsse bis 5 km Tiefe in allen drei Untersuchungsgebieten möglich ist. Die Temperaturmodelle weisen in 5 km Tiefe Werte zwischen 105 und 190 °C auf. Dabei verfügt das Untersuchungsgebiet Aue-Schneeberg über die besten Voraussetzungen für die Errichtung eines Geothermiekraftwerkes.

Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, 2006. / Keywords: Economic analysis, absorption cooling. Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 88-90).

The building stock in the European Union accounts for over 40% of final energy use, where the usage of non-residential buildings may be up to 40% higher than the residential sector. Improving building energy efficiency across all categories of buildings is one key goal of the European energy policies, made prominent by the Climate and Energy package, Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD) and Energy Efficiency Directive (EED). In this study, a simulation model of an office-building complex utilizing district heating was created using transient simulation software TRNSYS. The model was validated using consumption data provided by the facility owner, after which an investigation of the energy saving potential along with the economic viability of adapting a new heat- and power supply system was conducted. The system designs were comprised of a geothermal energy system in combination with a PV-system and electricity storage. It was concluded that the systems were sufficient in maintaining an adequate indoor climate. Furthermore, the investments were ascertained as profitable and resulted in a decreased building specific energy demand.

Sub-volcanic intrusions can form an extensive network of sills, dikes and other intrusion types that make up a plumbing system beneath volcanoes. Such intrusions are the heat source for high-temperature geothermal systems in volcanic areas and therefore, it is of great importance to study them in relation to geothermal exploration and production. In this thesis a part of the plumbing system of Breiðuvík caldera, an eroded central volcano in northeastern Iceland, is studied. A set of magmatic intrusions showing a great range in size and shapes, is exposed in Leirfjall, a mountain composed of the eroded caldera infill of the Breiðuvík volcanic system. Data from these intrusions and their host rock is used as the foundation for numerical modeling using finite element method (FEM) constructed in this thesis. The numerical modeling assumes heat transfer in porous media including conduction and convection where fluid flow is governed by the Darcy‘s law. The aims of it is to compare the cooling times of different intrusions and the temperature distribution caused by intrusions of different sizes and shapes. To obtain input parameters for the numerical modeling, a thermometry study based on the mineral chemistry of the magmatic intrusions in Leirfjall is conducted and the thermal and physical properties of the sedimentary host rock are estimated, while literature values are used for basaltic lava and hyaloclastite host rocks for comparison. The results of the numerical modeling suggest that higher maximum values of increased temperature are reached above one thick intrusions compared to multiple thinner intrusions. When comparing dikes and sills, the dikes raise the maximum temperature of the host rock more than the sills, while the sills raise the average temperature above the intrusions more than dikes. Results of the estimated heat transfer from an arrangement of intrusions similar to what is observed in Leirfjall suggests that a significant increase in maximum increased temperature caused by the intrusions would be short-lived, while the average increase would still be constant over a longer time. Despite of the simplified structure of the numerical models it is the hope that they will provide inspiring data for further research and contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between the shallow magmatic intrusions and geothermal systems. / Vulkaner är en viktig energikälla i många länder runt om i världen. Geotermisk vätska och ånga av högtemperatur som finns i vulkanområden kan utnyttjas för bland annat elproduktion och fjärrvärme. Värmekällan till de geotermiska områdena är magma som ligger ytligt i jordskorpan. All magma når inte ytan i utbrott, utan stannar under vulkanen i form av magmaintrusioner. Intrusionerna av olika former och storlekar utgör ett nätverk som tillsammans utgör vulkanens magma transportsystem. I denna studie studeras en uppsättning av magmaintrusioner på nordöstra Island. Intrusionerna har en gång befunnit sig längre ner i jordskorpan under ett aktivt vulkanområde men exponeras nu vid ytan på grund av glacial erosion. Intrusionernas storlek och form varierar, men de flesta återfinns som gångar, både vertikala och horisontella. När en magmatintrusion bildas värms omkringliggande berggrund och grundvatten upp. Studiens fokus är att undersöka hur temperaturfördelningen i omgivningen skiljer sig vid en stor intrusion jämfört med flera mindre intrusioner med totalt samma volym. Även effekten från olika typer av berggrund runt intrusionerna studerades genom att jämföra temperaturfördelningen och kylningstiderna för intrusioner i tre vanliga bergarter. Numerisk modellering användades för att besvara dessa frågor. Bergarternas fysiska och termiska egenskaper krävdes som ingångsparametrar för den numeriska modelleringen. Parametrana uppskattades genom laboratorieexperiment och termometriberäkningar från fältprover. Värden från publicerat material användes också i modelleringen. Resultaten från den numeriska modelleringen antyder att högre maximivärden för temperaturen nås i berget över en stor, enskild intrusion jämfört med flera mindre intrusioner. När man jämför vertikala og horisontella gångar, ökar de vertikala gångarna berggrundens temperatur mer än de horisontella, medan medeltemperaturen ökar mer över horisontella gångar än i vertikala gångar. Trots den numeriska modellens förenklade struktur är förhoppningen att den nya datan kan inspirera vidare forskning, och bidra till en bättre förståelse om förhållandet mellan grunda magmaintrusioner och geotermiska system.

This master’s thesis analyses Kalina cycle, a power cycle where ammonia – water solution is used as a working fluid. The first part of this study introduces us to the Kalina cycle, presents its advantages and disadvantages, characteristics of the working fluid and its applications. Second section concerns with the method of cycle design and describes the calculation model made in this thesis. The calculation model is attached in a separate .XLSM file. The third part shows calculation of the cycle for given parameters, determination of cycle efficiency and main proportions of the thermal turbine. In the conclusion are the interpretations of the calculations results.

Im Freistaat Sachsen werden ca. 11.000 Gebäude mit Erdwärme klimatisiert. Genutzt wird die Wärme aus der Tiefe vor allem bei Ein- und Mehrfamilienhäusern zur Heizung und Warmwasserbereitung. Bei Planung und Bau von Erdwärmeanlagen sind Aspekte der Qualitätssicherung und rechtliche Vorgaben zu beachten. Interessierten Bürgern, Planern und Bohrfirmen werden u. a. folgende Fragen beantwortet: Welche Nutzungsformen der Erdwärme gibt es? Welche Qualitätsanforderungen, Richtlinien und Gesetze sind einzuhalten? Wie wird eine Anlage richtig geplant? Wo und wie werden Bohrungen bei Behörden beantragt?

Im Freistaat Sachsen werden 7.500 Gebäude mit Erdwärme klimatisiert. Genutzt wird die Wärme aus der Tiefe vor allem bei Ein- und Mehrfamilienhäusern zur Heizung und Warmwasserbereitung. Bei Planung und Bau von Erdwärmeanlagen sind Aspekte der Qualitätssicherung und rechtliche Vorgaben zu beachten. Interessierten Bürgern, Planern und Bohrfirmen werden u. a. folgende Fragen beantwortet: - Welche Nutzungsformen der Erdwärme gibt es? - Welche Qualitätsanforderungen, Richtlinien und Gesetze sind einzuhalten? - Wie wird eine Anlage richtig geplant? - Wo und wie werden Bohrungen bei Behörden beantragt? Die Informationsbroschüre erscheint in 3. Auflage und ersetzt den Leitfaden für Erdwärmesonden.

Title: Geophysical survey for deep geothermal energy exploitation at the site Nova Paka Author: Magda Karousová Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Miloš Karous, DrSc. Supervisor's e-mail address: karous@geonika.com The topic of this thesis is a literature search of geological, geophysical, and geothermal information about wider surroundings of the area of Nova Paka and a complete geophysical survey focused on mapping of deeper fault zones and verification of Permo-Carboniferous sediments thickness. The area has been preliminarily assessed as promising for the use of deep geothermal energy. It belongs to the south-western part of Krkonoše Piedmont Basin. The bedrock of the basin is formed by Proterozoic metamorphites. Heating of surrounding rocks by intrusions of local volcanics during the Younger Tertiary is considered important for geothermal applications. The cover of metamorphic bedrock by sediments may indicate accumulation of the heat from the bedrock at relatively shallow depths of several hundred meters. Geophysical measurements, namely reflection and refraction seismics, gravimetry and resistivity profiling identified two major fault zones of east-west and northwest-southeast direction. The interpretation of the data obtained by geophysical sounding methods, namely seismic reflection and vertical...