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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 386-406).

Orientador: Omar Ribeiro Thomaz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T02:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Weiss_BarbaraOdebrecht_M.pdf: 902732 bytes, checksum: c67f64266104ece1705b44c4d41acda7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa investiga o debate que se desenrolou em torno de qual língua deveria ser adotada como língua nacional judaica, tal como ele se apresentou em três periódicos sionistas de língua alemã: Ost und West, Palaestina e Die Welt. O período que vai do Primeiro Congresso Sionista, sediado em Basiléia no ano de 1897 até a antevéspera da Primeira Guerra Mundial, foi marcado primeiro pela multiplicidade de posições acerca da questão. À medida que se aproximava o 'Conflito do Technikum' na Palestina nos anos de 1913-1914, o movimento convergiu para a 'guinada hebraísta', ao fim da qual as vozes contrárias ao hebraico, em sua maioria a favor do ídiche, foram silenciadas. A 'guinada hebraísta' coincidiu em larga medida com a perda da proeminência que os judeus alemães sofreram no movimento sionista, em favor de uma vanguarda dominada por judeus da Europa oriental. Para compreender as representações que comparecem ao debate no referido período, analisam-se os significados que estiveram atrelados à incorporação dos judeus alemães às suas sociedades de entorno desde muito antes da idéia do moderno sionismo. Este processo, que teve também uma repercussão de capital importância no leste europeu, esteve marcado pela busca por adequação, em especial lingüística, bem como por constantes investidas anti-semitas. É neste contexto que se gestaram as representações que comparecem ao debate nos periódicos e que em alguma medida ainda pautam o debate atual sobre o destino de cada uma das línguas. / Abstract: The present research investigates the debate about what language should be adopted as the Jewish national language. Three German periodicals of early Zionism are focused: Ost und West, Palaestina e Die Welt. The beginning of the period ranging between the First Zionist Congress in Basel (1987) and First World War, showed a great diversity of positions. Yet as the 'Battle of the Technikum' (1913-1914) approached, the positions coalesced into the 'Hebraist turn'. By the end of the period all voices raised against the Hebrew language - most of them favoring Yiddish - had been silenced. The 'Hebraist turn' corresponded to the loss of the German-Jewish's prominent role within the movement. They were replaced by a vanguard dominated by Jews of Eastern Europe. With the intent of understanding the representations found in this debate, the research proposes an analysis of the meanings attached to the incorporation of the German Jews to the surrounding societies, long before the emergence of modern Zionism. This crucial process, also because of its repercussion in the East, has been characterized, on the one hand, by the wish to adapt, specially in the linguistic realm, and on the other hand, by constant anti-Semitic attacks. It is in this specific context that the periodicals' representations were formed. They also inform much of the present debate about the language's destinies. / Mestrado / Antropologia Histórica, Estudos Judaicos / Mestre em Antropologia Social

Between 1938 and 1940 approximately 18,000 Jews from Central Europe went to the Chinese city of Shanghai to escape Nazi persecution. While almost every nation in the world refused to accept these desperate refugees, thousands found refuge in Japanese occupied Shanghai, which was an open port and one could immigrate there with no visa or passport. In an incredibly short period of time the refugees were able to develop a vibrant Jewish community. Relying primarily on the testimony of former refugees, this thesis seeks to address three main questions: What did exile in Shanghai feel like for the refugees? How did they handle and react to the circumstances of their new surroundings? In what ways did their common exile unite the group and bring about changes in personal identity?

Im sechsten Band der Reihe Pri ha-Pardes untersucht Ulrike Heikaus die deutschsprachigen Filme, die zwischen 1933 und 1945 aus Mitteleuropa nach Palästina importiert und einer breiten Öffentlichkeit vorgeführt wurden. Im Mittelpunkt der Analyse steht die Bedeutung und Repräsentation dieser deutschsprachigen Filme in der palästinensischen Filmkultur, ihre Wahrnehmung und Rezeption, vor allem durch die deutschsprachigen Einwanderer selbst. Mehr als zweihundert deutschsprachige Filme wurden in den palästinensischen Kinotheatern während der Jahre 1930 bis 1945 in Palästina zum Teil über Jahre hinweg regelmäßig aufgeführt. Doch wie sehr waren diese Filme tatsächlich in der hebräischsprachigen Öffentlichkeit präsent? Wie wurde für sie geworben? Und wie wurden diese Filme von den deutschsprachigen Einwanderer wahrgenommen? Antworten dazu geben dabei vor allem die in Palästina in den dreißiger und vierziger Jahren erschienenen Zeitungen in deutscher Sprache, die den Neueinwanderern als Mittel zur sozialen Kommunikation und Plattform für gesellschaftliches, kulturelles und soziales Leben zur Verfügung standen. Untersucht werden ferner Materialien israelischer Archive, die über den Aspekt des deutschsprachigen Filmimports und die Vermarktung der Filme im Kontext der frühen Kinokultur im damaligen Palästina Aufschluss geben. / The focus of this study are the numerous German-speaking films, which were imported to Palestine from Europe between 1933 and 1945 and screened for a broad public. The importance and representation of these films for the young film culture of Palestine, their perception and reception, especially by the German-speaking Jews, will be investigated and analysed in this thesis.

Franz Baermann Steiner [1909-1952], à la fois poeta doctus de langue allemande et anthropologue de langue anglaise, développe dans son oeuvre une pensée qui préfigure la théorie postcoloniale, d’une part par sa critique de l’eurocentrisme, de l’impérialisme colonial et de la violence épistémique occidentale, et d’autre part, à travers son ethnopoésie et la réécriture poétique du mythe robinsonien. La présente étude s'attache à analyser le discours postcolonial dans l’ensemble de son oeuvre qui comprend plus de 9500 aphorismes, quelques 300 poèmes et des écrits scientifiques. Présentant l’arrière-plan culturel et l’identité de Steiner, qui sont comparés à ceux des intellectuels postcolonialistes, l’étude examine d’abord les éventuelles structures coloniales dans l’Empire austro-hongrois, de la situation sociopolitique en Bohême et à Prague pendant la première République Tchèque. Ainsi elle révèle les éléments structurels qui ont favorisé l’éclosion du discours postcolonial chez Steiner : la position liminale et le caractère hybride de la communauté d’origine de Steiner – les juifs pragois germanophones –, l’impact discursif du sionisme culturel, son exil en Angleterre et, enfin, son appartenance à la Social Anthropology. Ensuite, elle retrace le discours aux accents postcoloniaux, depuis son origine dans ses aphorismes, dans son oeuvre anthropologique et poétique. La liminalité, notion centrale du postcolonialisme, est omniprésente dans l’oeuvre de l’auteur tant sur le plan méthodologique [positionnement discursif contestataire ou observateur] que thématique [esclavage, tabou, poète chaman, exil]. Malgré l’attachement de l’auteur à la pensée essentialiste, l'hybridité constitue un élément essentiel de son identité, irriguant toute son oeuvre. [Traduisibilité de faits culturels, ethnopoésie hybride, figure robinsonienne hybride]. / Franz Baermann Steiner [1909-1952], an exile from Prague, was a German poeta doctus who taught anthropology at the Oxford Institute after the Second World War. In his oeuvre, comprising more than 9500 aphorisms, over 300 poems and also anthropological writings, he sketches a critique of eurocentrism, colonial imperialism and epistemic violence, thus anticipating postcolonial theory. The first part of our thesis analyses how an assimilated Jew from Prague developed a discourse that takes up notions developed in the writings of Aimé Césaire and Edward Said. It therefore offers a complete analysis of his background in the Habsburg Empire from a post-colonial point of view, and an evaluation of the linguistic and social politics in Bohemia and Prague during the first Czech Republic. The study focuses, on the one hand, on the hybrid and liminal character of his milieu [i.e. German Jews in Prague] as well as the decisive discursive impact of cultural Zionism and, on the other hand, on his exile in England and the influence of British Social Anthropology. These are, from our point of view, the key elements of the post-colonial discourse emerging in Steiner’s writings. Taking his aphorisms as a starting point, our study then follows up the post-colonial thought in the entire oeuvre of the poet and anthropologist, underlining the various links between poetry, religion and science which are so characteristic of his original writings. The concept of liminality is present in all his writings on a methodological level [a liminal discursive positioning within the Western academic structures and an observant position in his poetry] and it also dominates the choice of themes [slavery, taboo, Shaman poet and exile]. Although Steiner never completely abandoned the essentialist vision of culture, the notion of hybridity is an essential factor of his identity, enriching his writings immensely [e.g. problem of cultural translatability, hybrid ethnopoetics and a new hybrid Robinson figure].

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