No description available.

No description available.

Evalúa los parámetros de tiempo, temperatura y concentración de antimicrobianos para el crecimiento de Giardia lamblia en medio de cultivo TYI-S-33 comercial y artesanal. Se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Enteroparásitos de la DEET, del Centro Nacional de Salud Pública del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Se trabajó con la cepa de Giardia intestinalis ATCC 30957 criopreservada a -70°C procedente de un aspirado duodenal de un paciente varón y se reactivó en medio TYI-S-33 comercial, las resiembras se realizaron en medio TYI-S-33 comercial y artesanal, que contenían los antibióticos; penicilina (394 U/ml), estreptomicina (394 μg/ml), gentamicina (50 μg/ml) y amikacina (156 μg/ml), para comparar la carga parasitaria en cada uno de ellos y determinar el mejor medio de cultivo para su desarrollo. Así mismo, se determinó la curva de crecimiento durante 216 horas a tres temperaturas distintas (36°C, 36.5°C y 37°C) determinándose que Giardia lamblia tiene un mejor crecimiento en medio de cultivo TYI-S-33 artesanal a 37°C y una fase log entre las 72 a 120 horas. / Tesis

Global Climate Change has empirical evidence to support the idea that CO2 levels may be affecting weather and health, including rates of infectious diseases. The Midwest region of the United States of America has had the highest increase in giardiasis rates in recent years, and Missouri was chosen for this study as a representative state in the Midwest. There is no definitive answer as to why the rates of giardiasis have changed from 2003 - 2013. The Theory of Climate Change was used as the theoretical framework for this study. The purpose of this research was to determine whether temperature, precipitation and CO2 levels are associated with giardiasis. A cross-sectional design was used for this study with a non-probability sample of reported cases of giardiasis for 2003 - 2013, and data were analyzed using a bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis. There was a negative association between precipitation and number of cases of giardiasis in Missouri residents (p < .05), a positive association between temperature and number of cases of giardiasis in Missouri residents (p < .05), and a positive association between CO2 levels and number of cases of giardiasis in Missouri residents (p < .05). Levels of CO2 modified the association between precipitation and number of cases of giardiasis in Missouri residents (p < .05). Levels of CO2 modified the association between temperature and number of cases of giardiasis in Missouri residents (p < .05). These results demonstrate that climatic factors impact public health significantly. The implications for social change are to have the waterways, wells, and public water tested more often, to reinforce the waterway closures with increased measures to prevent morbidity and mortality with giardiasis when possible, and to raise awareness of the climatic impact on health.

Intestinal enteropathy is a prevalent yet neglected aspect of child malnutrition involving chronic exposure to intestinal pathogens such as Giardia intestinalis. Gangliosides have therapeutic potential for the treatment of giardiasis and intestinal enteropathy. The objectives of the thesis were to 1. assess the Giardia carriage patterns in daycares in Guatemala, 2. compare anthropometric data between Giardia carriers and non-carriers, 3. compare sensitivity and specificity of 3 Giardia diagnostic methods (ProSpecT-Giardia-EZ-Microplate assay, RidaQuick Giardia dipsticks and microscopic analysis using the sucrose concentration gradient method). Giardia prevalence rates were high (close to 44%), most cases of infection were chronic (5-week study period), and malnutrition (lower weight-for-age Z-scores) may be associated to higher intensity of infection. ELISA was the most sensitive Giardia diagnostic test. Compared to ELISA, the microscopic and dipstick analysis had sensitivities of 53.6% and 60.7%, and specificities of 100% and 97.9%, respectively, within a set of 75 stool samples. / Nutrition & Metabolism

Giardia is the most common human parasite infection in the United States causing a lengthy diarrhea. Transmission of Giardia is by the fecal-oral route and numerous waterborne outbreaks have been documented. The Environmental Protection Agency has regulated Giardia in drinking water through the "Surface Water Treatment Rule." Current methods for detection of Giardia in water rely primarily on microscopic observation of water concentrates by immunofluorescent techniques. We evaluated the efficacy of using a gene-specific probe for the detection of Giardia species in water. A cDNA probe, 265 base pairs long, from the small subunit of rRNA of Giardia lamblia was used for detection of cysts. The replicative form of M13 vector with insert was isolated from lysed host E. coli XL1- Blue and used for production of the cDNA probe by nick translation with ³²P-labeled nucleotides. Seven different protocols were tested for extracting nucleic acids from the cysts. Using the most efficient procedure, disrupting Giardia cysts with glass beads in the presence of proteinase K, as few as 1 to 5 cysts per ml can be detected in water sample concentrates by dot-blot hybridization assays. Environmental concentrates from secondary and tertiary treated sewage or surface waters were screened for Giardia cysts by immunofluorescent and the genespecific probe. Positive signals were observed in sewage and surface water samples without floatation at ten fold greater dilutions than after floatation. It appeared that gene probe detection was slightly more sensitive than microscopic detection of Giardia cysts for wastewater samples. In six surface water samples and two sewage sample no positive results were found either by the cDNA probe or immunofluorescent. Usually, DNA probes are radiolabeled and the most commonly used is ³²P. ³²P is expensive, hazardous and has an extremely short half-life of 14.3 days, necessitating frequent preparation of the nucleic acid probes. Three non-radioactive labeling methods, chemiluminescence, enzyme-linked immunoassay and enhanced chemiluminescence were evaluated. The cDNA probe was labeled by nick translation for chemiluminescence method. Biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphate was used in place of deoxythymidine triphosphate to produce biotinylated DNA strands. The result of hybridization was visualized by chemiluminescenct detection of DNA. The sensitivity of the chemiluminescent method and the 32P labeled probe was 0.1 pg of DNA in a slot-blot hybridization assay.

No description available.

In mice infected with 10$ sp4$ Giardia muris cysts, a peak lymphocyte proliferation in the spleen and Peyer's patches in response to Giardia extract occurred during the elimination and latent phases, respectively. This shows that the Peyer's patch cells are more responsive than the spleen to Giardia infection. Th2-type cytokines produced by Peyer's patch cells may play a protective role during the latent and acute phases. Th1-type cytokines may contribute to this production during the elimination phase. Cytokine production in response to Giardia extract in vitro was observed in mice immunized with this extract, but not in control mice. Therefore, Giardia antigen can induce cytokine production in vitro in a specific manner.

Bibliography: leaves 183-228 / x, 228 leaves, [8] leaves of plates : ill. (1 col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, 1989

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2004. / Thesis submitted to the Division of Health Sciences. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-167).