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Topics in Random Matrices: Theory and Applications to Probability and StatisticsKousha, Termeh 13 December 2011 (has links)
In this thesis, we discuss some topics in random matrix theory which have applications to probability, statistics and quantum information theory. In Chapter 2, by relying on the spectral properties of an associated adjacency matrix, we find the distribution of the maximum of a Dyck path and show that it has the same distribution function as the unsigned Brownian excursion which was first derived in 1976 by Kennedy. We obtain a large and moderate deviation principle for the law of the maximum of a random Dyck path. Our result extends the results of Chung, Kennedy and Khorunzhiy and Marckert. In Chapter 3, we discuss a method of sampling called the Gibbs-slice sampler. This method is based on Neal's slice sampling combined with Gibbs sampling. In Chapter 4, we discuss several examples which have applications in physics and quantum information theory.
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Molecular Dynamics Study of Novel Cryoprotectants and of CO2 Capture by sI Clathrate HydratesNohra, Michael 17 July 2012 (has links)
The first project in this work used classical molecular dynamics to study the ice recrystallization inhibition potential of a series of carbohydrates and alcochols, using the hydration index, partial molar volumes and isothermal compressibilities as parameters for measuring their cryogenic efficacy. Unfortunately, after 8 months of testing, this work demonstrates that the accuracy and precision of the density extracted from simulations is not sufficient in providing accurate partial molar volumes. As a result, this work clearly demonstrates that current classical molecular dynamics technology cannot probe the volumetric properties of interest with sufficient accuracy to aid in the research and development of novel cryoprotectants.The second project in this work used molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the Gibbs free energy change of substituting CO2 in sI clathrate hydrates by N2,CH4, SO2 and H2S flue gas impurities under conditions proposed for CO2 capture (273 K, 10 bar). Our results demonstrate that CO2 substitutions by N2 in the small sI cages were thermodynamically favored. This substitution is problematic in terms of efficient CO2 capture, since the small cages make up 25% of the sI clathrate cages, therefore a significant amount of energy could be spent on removing N2 from the flue gas rather than CO2. The thermodynamics of CO2 substitution by CH4, SO2 and H2S in sI clathrate hydrates was also examined. The substitution of CO2 by these gases in both the small and large cages were determined to be favorable. This suggests that these gases may also disrupt the CO2 capture by sI clathrate hydrates if they are present in large concentrations in the combustion flue stream. Similar substitution thermodynamics at 200 K and 10 bar were also studied. With one exception, we found that the substitution free energies do not significantly change and do not alter the sign of thermodynamics. Thus, using a lower capture temperature does not significantly change the substitution free energies and their implications for CO2 capture by sI clathrate hydrates.
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Topics in Random Matrices: Theory and Applications to Probability and StatisticsKousha, Termeh 13 December 2011 (has links)
In this thesis, we discuss some topics in random matrix theory which have applications to probability, statistics and quantum information theory. In Chapter 2, by relying on the spectral properties of an associated adjacency matrix, we find the distribution of the maximum of a Dyck path and show that it has the same distribution function as the unsigned Brownian excursion which was first derived in 1976 by Kennedy. We obtain a large and moderate deviation principle for the law of the maximum of a random Dyck path. Our result extends the results of Chung, Kennedy and Khorunzhiy and Marckert. In Chapter 3, we discuss a method of sampling called the Gibbs-slice sampler. This method is based on Neal's slice sampling combined with Gibbs sampling. In Chapter 4, we discuss several examples which have applications in physics and quantum information theory.
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Was it your choice? : a study about ethnic entrepreneurs in MöllevångenHamed, Abber, Keblawi, Amal January 2012 (has links)
Entrepreneurship among immigrants is steadily increasing in Europe and is playing an increasingly important role in the social and economic structure of European cities. In Malmö, Möllevången the ethnic businesses are continuingly thriving in the Swedish society. They fill a versatile and in many ways unique feature. They also fill gaps in the market; help to give new life to downturn urban areas, offering new products and services. But the questions are, are these immigrants forced to become entrepreneurs or have they chosen to be? What factors lie behind? How did they start their business in the beginning? To answer these questions, a qualitative method was used, where the semi- structured interviews with 5 respondents from different backgrounds were recorded, such as Iraq, Iran, Palestine, Poland and Serbia. The analysis and conclusion of this study showed that ethnic entrepreneurs both chose and were forced to enter self-employment. The five respondents mentioned several factors that had motivated them to self-employ, which are language barriers, discrimination, traditions, low wages, education and to be your own boss. The respondents did not follow theories used in this study about how entrepreneurs start their own business, but instead followed other stages that we call “Stages of starting your own for ethnic entrepreneurs”.
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The Heterogeneity Model and its Special Cases. An Illustrative Comparison.Tüchler, Regina, Frühwirth-Schnatter, Sylvia, Otter, Thomas January 2002 (has links) (PDF)
In this paper we carry out fully Bayesian analysis of the general heterogeneity model, which is a mixture of random effects model, and its special cases, the random coefficient model and the latent class model. Our application comes from Conjoint analysis and we are especially interested in what is gained by the general heterogeneity model in comparison to the other two when modeling consumers' heterogeneous preferences. (author's abstract) / Series: Report Series SFB "Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science"
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Unit root test of limited time series-- empirical analysis in exchange rate target zone and Japan interbank interest rateHo, Ya-chi 26 June 2006 (has links)
There are much economic and financial data which are restricted by some bounds, such as expenditure shares, unemployment, norminal interest rate, or target zone exchange rate. How to interpret and analyze time series whose behaviors can be well approximated by means of integrated processes, I(1), but are ¡§limited¡¨ in the sense that their range is constrained by fixed bounded is what this thesis develops.
One method to analyze bounded variable of this paper is ¡§The Bounded Unit Root¡¨ which provided by Cavaliere (2005), and the other is using Gibbs sampling simulation and trying to recover the part of hidden variables. We would examin some empirical problems that has often been tackled in the literature and we give three time series which include Danish kron/Deutshe mark, Belgium Franc/ Deutshe mark, and Japan 1 mouth interbank interest rate for examples.
We conclude that these three time series data are I(0) in classical unit root test framework, but are all I(1) in The Bounded Unit Root test framework. And the results of Gibbs sampling simulation are that Danish kron/Deutshe mark and Belgium Franc/ Deutshe mark are I(0), but Japan 1 mouth interbank interest rate is I(1).
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Modélisations polynomiales des signaux ECG. Application à la compression.Tchiotsop, Daniel 15 November 2007 (has links) (PDF)
La compression des signaux ECG trouve encore plus d'importance avec le développement de la télémédecine. En effet, la compression permet de réduire considérablement les coûts de la transmission des informations médicales à travers les canaux de télécommunication. Notre objectif dans ce travail de thèse est d'élaborer des nouvelles méthodes de compression des signaux ECG à base des polynômes orthogonaux. Pour commencer, nous avons étudié les caractéristiques des signaux ECG, ainsi que différentes opérations de traitements souvent appliquées à ce signal. Nous avons aussi décrit de façon exhaustive et comparative, les algorithmes existants de compression des signaux ECG, en insistant sur ceux à base des approximations et interpolations polynomiales. Nous avons abordé par la suite, les fondements théoriques des polynômes orthogonaux, en étudiant successivement leur nature mathématique, les nombreuses et intéressantes propriétés qu'ils disposent et aussi les caractéristiques de quelques uns de ces polynômes. La modélisation polynomiale du signal ECG consiste d'abord à segmenter ce signal en cycles cardiaques après détection des complexes QRS, ensuite, on devra décomposer dans des bases polynomiales, les fenêtres de signaux obtenues après la segmentation. Les coefficients produits par la décomposition sont utilisés pour synthétiser les segments de signaux dans la phase de reconstruction. La compression revient à utiliser un petit nombre de coefficients pour représenter un segment de signal constitué d'un grand nombre d'échantillons. Nos expérimentations ont établi que les polynômes de Laguerre et les polynômes d'Hermite ne conduisaient pas à une bonne reconstruction du signal ECG. Par contre, les polynômes de Legendre et les polynômes de Tchebychev ont donné des résultats intéressants. En conséquence, nous concevons notre premier algorithme de compression de l'ECG en utilisant les polynômes de Jacobi. Lorsqu'on optimise cet algorithme en supprimant les effets de bords, il dévient universel et n'est plus dédié à la compression des seuls signaux ECG. Bien qu'individuellement, ni les polynômes de Laguerre, ni les fonctions d'Hermite ne permettent une bonne modélisation des segments du signal ECG, nous avons imaginé l'association des deux systèmes de fonctions pour représenter un cycle cardiaque. Le segment de l'ECG correspondant à un cycle cardiaque est scindé en deux parties dans ce cas: la ligne isoélectrique qu'on décompose en séries de polynômes de Laguerre et les ondes P-QRS-T modélisées par les fonctions d'Hermite. On obtient un second algorithme de compression des signaux ECG robuste et performant.
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Étude des artefacts de flou, ringing et aliasing en imagerie numérique : application à la restaurationBlanchet, Gwendoline 17 November 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Cette thèse aborde les problèmes liés à la formation des images numériques. L'étape d'échantillonnage nécessaire à la formation d'une image discrète à partir d'une image continue peut introduire différents types d'artefacts qui constituent des dégradations majeures de la qualité de l'image. La motivation principale de cette thèse a été l'étude de ces artefacts que sont le flou, le ringing et l'aliasing. Dans la première partie, nous rappelons tout d'abord le processus de formation des images numériques puis nous proposons des définitions de ces artefacts. Dans la deuxième partie, nous définissons une mesure conjointe du flou et du ringing dans le cadre d'un filtrage passe bas précédant l'échantillonnage. La troisième partie est dédiée à la détection automatique de ces artefacts dans les images. Enfin, en quatrième partie, la détection automatique est testée dans des applications concrètes de la restauration d'images: la déconvolution aveugle et le débruitage.
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Applications d'inégalités fonctionnelles à la mécanique statistique et au recuit simuléZitt, Pierre-André 06 December 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Dans cette thèse, nous utilisons différentes inégalités fonctionnelles<br />(Poincaré, Sobolev logarithmique, etc.) pour étudier deux questions.<br />Nous appliquons d'abord des inégalités affaiblies à l'étude d'une<br />diffusion inhomogène, analogue continu de l'algorithme de recuit<br />simulé, dans la lignée d'un travail de L. Miclo. Nous montrons un<br />résultat de convergence de la diffusion, sous des hypothèses plus<br />faibles que celles posées précédemment : le potentiel dans lequel la<br />diffusion évolue peut croître très lentement à l'infini.<br />Dans le cadre d'un modèle de mécanique statistique à spins non-bornés,<br />en nous basant sur des résultats de T. Bodineau et B. Helffer, N. Yoshida<br />et G. Royer, nous éclaircissons ensuite les liens entre différentes<br />inégalités fonctionnelles, des propriétés de mélange et l'unicité de<br />la mesure de Gibbs en volume infini. Nous montrons en particulier<br />l'unicité si les mesures en volume fini et pour une seule condition<br />aux bords vérifient uniformément une inégalité de Beckner.
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Electrochemical partitioning of actinides and rare earths in molten salt and cadmium solvents activity coefficients and equilibrium simulation /Bechtel, Tom B. January 1997 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-182). Also available on the Internet.
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