Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal. / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Philosophy, March 1997. / Includes bibliographical references.

What is the shopping centre, and how can the works of Gilles Deleuze, help us to understand it ethnographically? In light of a growing interest in Deleuze’s work across both the humanities and social sciences (see Jensen and Rodje, 2010) as well as the long-standing calls to “take Deleuze into the field” (Bonta, 2005) and develop what research methodologies might emerge in conjunction which his philosophy (see Coleman and Ringrose, 2013), this thesis explores the possibilities of an ethnography which tries to take seriously the questions surrounding an ethical practice of working with philosophy in the field, grappling not only with Deleuze’s concepts during and as part of fieldwork but attempting to meaningfully engage with the incongruities between the philosophical assumptions which underpin ethnographic practice and Deleuze’s metaphysic (often labelled a “transcendental empiricism”); the most salient of these being “the subject”. In unfolding the stories of the shopping centre, a behemoth of social machination which is both reflective and productive of the contemporary sociocultural milieu, this thesis will explore the various forms of “madness” which populate the field, threading connective lines between the highly plural groups of interlocutors, widely separated spaces and the varying rhythms and temporalities which can be said to correspond to the shopping centre. Focusing on central issues of bodies (space) and time as they are encountered in the shopping centre , this thesis shall take, as one of its major points of inquiry, the questions surrounding the writing of ethnography and the ways in which this represents and reaffirms the metaphysic which is taken-for-granted as a part of the ethnographic encounter; at times delving into what might be called the ‘pataphysical or the absurd, playing with thick and thin description and taking various flights of madness in order to find ways of pushing against what Deleuze calls, the ossified and dogmatic images of thought at the core of Western philosophy.

Analyse et critique de l¹oeuvre de Bruno Latour à partir d¹une conception de la démocratie écologique basée sur le pluralisme et l¹inclusion de divers types de processus de traduction. Ce travail part du constat que la conception libérale de la démocratie écologique constitue une aporie. L’objectif est de proposer une nouvelle conception qui serait le fruit d¹un processus de déterritorialisation du concept de démocratie écologique du libéralisme et de sa reterritorialisation dans le territoire pluriel de création que constitue l’écologie. A partir d¹une lecture critique et analytique des principaux ouvrages du sociologue des sciences, Bruno Latour, il s¹agit d¹examiner certaines pistes de réflexions qui permettront de jeter les bases d¹un nouveau collectif rassemblant les entités humaines et non humaines à partir d’une conception de la démocratie écologique. Ce travail met aussi l¹accent sur la nécessité de dépasser la conception latourienne du rôle des sciences et du politique dans l’exercice du rassemblement du nouveau collectif dans le but de favoriser une pluralité de porte-parole des agencements entre les entités humaines et non humaines, ainsi que l’inclusion divers types de processus de traduction.

La notion de « dramatisation » a été formulée par Gilles Deleuze en 1967 dans Différence et répétition pour être délaissée ensuite. Cette recherche tâche de clarifier le sens de ce concept en distinguant une acception « dramatique » d’une acception « scénique ». Deleuze n’ayant cependant pas énoncé explicitement de théorie de la scène, une partie de l’entreprise vise à déduire, des textes de Deleuze et des auteurs qui lui servent de référence, l’hypothèse de cette définition. La formulation de cette hypothèse s’inscrit dans un environnement problématique déterminé par les ouvrages de Denis Guénoun et Esa Kirkkopelto. La notion prend son sens dans le cadre d’une critique de « la représentation », dont seraient captifs Platon, Aristote, Kant et Hegel, et d’une élaboration du concept de répétition à partir de Kierkegaard et Nietzsche. Une interprétation de la méthode de division platonicienne, de la méthode transcendantale kantienne et de l’éternel retour nietzschéen contribue ainsi à énoncer l’agencement conceptuel du drame, de la scène et de la répétition / The notion of “dramatisation” was formulated by Gilles Deleuze in his 1967 text Difference and Repetition, only later to be abandoned. This piece of research sets out to clarify the meaning of this concept by distinguishing its “dramatic” acceptance from its “scenic” one. Since Deleuze never explicitly expressed his theory of the stage this thesis project intends to determine from Deleuze’s texts, as well as from the authors to whom he himself referred, the hypothesis at work within the philosopher’s definition of this term. The statement of this hypothesis takes place in a problematic conceptual environment, as described in the works of Denis Guénoun and Esa Kirkkopelto. The notion of “dramatisation” derives its meaning through a critique of a particular understanding of “representation” within which Plato, Aristotle, Kant and Hegel are held captive, as well as through a certain construal of Kierkegaard and Nietzsche’s concept of repetition. Interpretations of Plato’s method of dichotomous division, Kant’s transcendental method and Nietzsche’s eternal return contribute in this thesis to articulating the way in which drama, the stage and repetition combine.

Este trabalho tem como fonte de estudo os filmes do diretor húngaro Béla Tarr, começando com Ninho Familiar, de 1977, e encerrando com O Cavalo de Turim, de 2011. Neste período o cineasta realizou, além de outros trabalhos, nove longasmetragens, alguns dos quais em parceria com o escritor húngaro László Krasznahorkai. Entretanto, esta pesquisa não tratou de suas obras como unidades separadas e/ou totalizáveis, mas como blocos de imagens em permanente contato com um plano de questionamentos a respeito da experiência estética do pensamento. Deste modo, o trabalho com os filmes teve como foco a análise fragmentos, continuidades e descontinuidades, por meio dos quais procurou traçar uma linha relacional entre o estilo das imagens e o problema do pensamento. Do ponto de vista da problematização do pensamento, esta pesquisa esteve ancorada no solo teórico-metodológico desenvolvido por Gilles Deleuze e Gilles Deleuze & Félix Guattari, do qual partiu o desenvolvimento de um estudo a respeito de quais os procedimentos audiovisuais criados nos filmes e de como eles possibilitam uma experiência radicalmente imanente do pensamento e, portanto, essencialmente intensiva. Ou seja, esta dissertação se voltou para um estudo dos procedimentos de criação audiovisual, entendendo-os como modos intensivos por meio dos quais se torna possível sentir o aparecimento deste espaço vazio que constitui a experiência do próprio pensamento não-subjetivo ou, dito em outras palavras, como vivência do tempo em sua multiplicidade intensiva. Portanto, foi no interior deste campo de questionamento que perspectivamos o cinema de Béla Tarr, tratando de desenvolver uma visão analítica que não partisse das premissas de uma divisão simplesmente formal dos procedimentos cinematográficos e que tampouco partisse da crença a respeito de um possível lugar exterior e desinteressado em relação às obras, o qual possibilitaria, por exemplo, uma leitura verídica a respeito das intencionalidades mais ou menos ocultas em cada um dos filmes. Ao invés destes modos analíticos, esta dissertação tentou se endereçar às obras procurando compreender como elas articulam injunções e/ou desvios de forças, criando, por meio de afecções e afectos, um procedimento imanente, no sentido do próprio encontro entre o olhar e a tela. Deste modo, cada capítulo desta dissertação desenvolve, a partir de um conjunto determinado de filmes do diretor, uma compreensão a respeito das forças, as quais, por vezes, exigiram a entrada de leituras transversais, advindas tanto do conjunto da obra do diretor, como de pensadores do campo filosofia, e também da literatura e do próprio cinema. É neste sentido que o cinema de Béla Tarr se converte em um teorema, ou em um nó, que solicita um diálogo orgânico tanto com teóricos que escreveram a respeito dos filmes, mas também com outros pensadores, como é o caso notório de Friedrich Nietzsche. / This research is grounded in the films of the Hungarian director Béla Tarr, the first of which is Family Nest (1977) and the last is Turin\'s Horse (2011). Through this period, the filmmaker made, among other works, nine feature films, some of which in partnership with the writer László Krasznahorkai. Nevertheless, this research did not deal with their works as separable and/or inseparable units, but as blocs of images in constant contact with a surface of questions regarding the aesthetic experience of thought. By analyzing the films through fragments, continuities, ruptures and discontinuities we were able to draw a relational line between the style of the images and the problem of thought. Regarding the problem of though, this study is anchored to the theses and methodologies developed by Gilles Deleuze and Gilles Deleuze & Félix Guattari. From that, we investigated which audiovisual procedures created on the films could make us think of a radically immanent experience of thought and, therefore, an essentially intensive one. Therefore, this academic work looked for audiovisual creations understood as intensive modes to seize the emergence of this empty space that constitutes the experience of non-subjective thought in other words, time as intensive multiplicity. Therefore, we conceive an analytic view that neither stems from a formal division of film procedures nor from the belief on a possible place of detachment apart from the films or a place that could permit, for instance, a truthful reading on the more or less hidden intentions behind each film. What this research aimed for was to understand how the films of Béla Tarr articulate injunctions and detours of forces that allow us, by affections and affects, to think of them as purely immanent procedures. Moreover, each chapter, based on a determined set of Tarr\'s films, developed a comprehension of the encounters between forces, which, at times, requested transversal readings, coming from thinkers of Philosophy, Literature and Cinema itself, including works on the ouevre of the director. It is in this sense that Béla Tarr\'s cinema appears as a theorem, or a knot, that invites us to an organic dialogue not only with theorists that wrote about his films, but also with other thinkers, such as Friedrich Nietzsche.

Esta tese busca pensar o desfuncional latente em toda escritura, linguagem e vida: suas potências não dominadas, nem domináveis, pelo corte finalista, utilitarista, entre funcional e disfuncional, e o devir-poesia destes interditos quando revertidos em afirmação de possibilidades para além das determinadas pelos códigos fixados e modelos de composição existentes. As obras de Jacques Derrida e Gilles Deleuze (parte com Felix Guattari) são as referências centrais para a constituição deste pensamento, que constantemente se volta ao fazer poético. O trabalho, porém, é conduzido pela extravagante figura que ele livremente se cria do engenhoso fidalgo e cavaleiro Dom Quixote de la Mancha, por seu modo errante de atuar, sua andante poesia. Sua relação com a morte iminente; o papel da leitura em sua fantasia, cuja extensão se mostra incontornável a quem quer que se aproxime; sua irredutibilidade a qualquer juízo que se possa tentar de sua sanidade mental; sua constante construção de uma equívoca e fugidia identidade; e seu permanente e delirante improviso no teatro do mundo configuram uma escritura lúdica, inventiva, aberta, consciente de sua formação, de seu contexto e de seus percursos, o que possibilita a construção da noção de uma poética da existência, sugerida pelas especulações teóricas preliminares. / This thesis seeks to think the latent defunctional in every writing, as language and life: its potencies not dominated by the finalist and utilitarian cut between functional and dysfunctional, and the becoming-poetry of this interdicts when reversed in the affirmation of possibilities beyond those determined by fixed codes and existing composition models. The works of Jacques Derrida and Gilles Deleuze (part with Felix Guattari) are the central references to the constitution of this thought, constantly turned to the poetic making. The work, however, is conducted by the extravagant figure that it freely creates of the ingenious gentleman and knight Don Quixote of la Mancha, by his errant acting mode, his walking poetry. His relationship with imminent death; the role of reading in his fantasy, which extension shows up inescapable to whoever gets close to it; his irreducibility to any judgment that could be tried on his mental sanity; his constant construction of an equivocal and elusive identity; and his permanent and delirious improvisation in the theatre of the world configure a ludic, inventive and open writing, aware of its formation, its context and its routes, which enables the construction of the notion of a poetics of existence, suggested by preliminary theoretical speculations.