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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Organic iron requirements of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Samartzis, Alexandros January 2014 (has links)
The aim of the current study was to determine the organic iron (Fe) requirements of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). A total number of four experiments have been carried out each one for 12 weeks, in order to address and extend the knowledge on nutritional issues and challenges related with the culture of the gilthead sea bream in the Greek aquaculture industry and therefore enhance the fish health status under intensive culture conditions. These experiments aimed to determine the optimum level of organic Fe supplemented in commercial type diets of sea bream, the comparison between an organic Fe form and two inorganic Fe forms added in the diet of the fish, the effect of supplemented organic Fe on sea bream species exposed to oxygen deprivation stressors related to poor aquaculture husbandry practices and finally the interaction of organic Fe in the diet of sea bream with various levels of other trace minerals (Zn, Cu). The parameters evaluated were the growth performance of the fish, the Fe concentration in three selected tissues (the spleen, the liver and the muscle), the haematological status of the fish (the haematocrit, the red blood cell count, and the haemoglobin) and both the humoral and cellular immunology of the fish (the antibacterial activity of serum and the respiratory burst respectively). 150 mg/Kg of added organic Fe appears to be the recommended level as well as the minimum amount on fish exposed to overstocking conditions. The comparison between the two inorganic Fe forms (Ferrous Sulphate and Ferrous Carbonate) added in the diets show no significant effect on the fish. While, the fish fed the diets with 150 mg/Kg organic Fe and Cu levels lower that 5 mg/Kg had higher Hb values.
2

ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS COMO ANESTÉSICOS PARA PEIXES: ASPECTOS BIOQUÍMICOS E MOLECULARES / ESSENTIAL OILS AS ANESTHETICS FOR FISH: BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR ASPECTS

Toni, Cândida 15 January 2015 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The essential oil (EOs) extracted from plants Hesperozygis ringens and Lippia alba possess anesthetic and sedative properties and is an alternative to traditional anesthetics used in aquaculture for ease of handling and/or reduce stress. In this sense, the study aimed to investigate the effects of these EOs on the physiology of fish, through physiological, biochemical and endocrine indicators. In the article 1 was determined (a) the anesthetic activity of the EOs of H. ringens (EOHR) and L. alba (EOLA) and (b) its effects on silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after induction and recovery from anesthesia. Fish were subjected to one of the following treatments for each EO: basal group, control or anesthetized (150, 300 or 450 uL L-1 EO), evaluating the ventilatory rate (VR) during the induction period and thereafter transferred to anesthetics-free tanks for recovery from anesthesia. At 0, 15, 30, 60 and 240 min of recovery, samples of plasma and gills were collected to measure metabolic indicators and ionregulatory enzymes, respectively. In the article 2, the effects of prolonged exposure to low EOHR concentrations were studied on silver catfish. After 6 h of exposure to 0 (control), 30 or 50 uL L-1 EOHR added to water, it was analyzed: VR, metabolic indicators of stress in plasma, enzyme activity in liver, and expression of pituitary hormones (growth hormone - GH, prolactin - PRL and somatolactina - SL). In the manuscript, (a) evaluated the effectiveness of anesthesia EOLA on gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and (b) we investigated the effects of 35 uL L-1 EOLA and 2-phenoxyethanol (2-PHE) on the stress response in gilthead sea bream undergoing persecution. After 4 h of exposure, the plasma was sampled (for the determination of cortisol, metabolites and osmolality), brain and pituitary (to evaluate the expression of endocrine indicators). In the article 1, anesthesia with EOs caused changes in some parameters measured in silver catfish, but did not prevent the restoration of most of the indicators assessed after 240 min of recovery. In the article 2, 50 uL L-1 EOHR led to an increase of glucose, lactate, protein and osmolality, as well as an increase in metabolic enzyme activity and reduced expression of GH and SL. In the manuscript, gilthead sea bream exposed to EOLA, stressed or not, exhibited higher levels of cortisol, glucose, lactate and osmolality. EOLA exposure added to the stress reduced the expression levels of CRH-BP (corticotropin releasing hormone bound to protein). PRL expression was reduced in the stressed control group and after exposure to EOLA and 2-PHE in fish not stressed. Higher expression of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) "a" and "b" were observed in fish stressed and exposed to EOLA and 2-PHE, respectively. We conclude that: (1) the EOLA is more efficient for silver catfish that EOHR in anesthesia concentrations; (2) for sedating the fish, it is recommended 30 uL EOHR L-1 (or less); (3) the EOLA was effective as an anesthetic for gilthead sea bream at 100-300 uL L-1, but for 4 h exposure, the 2-PHE was more effective in preventing the stress response. / Os óleos essenciais (OEs) extraídos das plantas Hesperozygis ringens e Lippia alba possuem propriedades anestésica e sedativa, constituindo uma alternativa aos anestésicos tradicionalmente usados em aquicultura para facilitar o manejo e/ou reduzir o estresse. Neste sentido, o estudo teve por objetivo investigar os efeitos desses OEs sobre a fisiologia de peixes, através de indicadores fisiológicos, bioquímicos e endócrinos. No artigo 1 determinou-se (a) a atividade anestésica dos OEs de H. ringens (OEHR) e L. alba (OELA) e (b) seus efeitos em jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) depois da indução e recuperação da anestesia. Os peixes foram submetidos a um dos seguintes tratamentos para cada OE: grupo basal, controle ou anestesiado (150, 300 ou 450 μL L-1 OE), avaliando-se a taxa ventilatória (TV) durante o período de indução e, posteriormente, transferidos para aquários sem anestésicos para recuperação da anestesia. Nos tempos 0, 15, 30, 60 e 240 min de recuperação foram realizadas amostragens de plasma e brânquias para medir indicadores metabólicos e enzimas ionorregulatórias, respectivamente. No artigo 2, os efeitos da exposição prolongada de jundiás a baixas concentrações do OEHR foram estudados. Após 6 h de exposição a 0 (controle), 30 ou 50 μL L-1 OEHR adicionado à água, analisou-se: TV, indicadores metabólicos e de estresse em plasma, atividade enzimática em fígado e expressão de hormônios hipofisários (hormônio do crescimento - GH, prolactina - PRL e somatolactina - SL). No manuscrito (a) avaliou-se a eficácia anestésica do OELA em dourada (Sparus aurata) e (b) investigaram-se os efeitos de 35 μL L-1 de OELA e 2-fenoxietanol (2-PHE) sobre a resposta ao estresse em douradas submetidos à perseguição. Após 4 h de exposição, foram amostrados plasma (para determinação dos níveis de cortisol, metabólitos e osmolalidade), cérebro e hipófise (para avaliar a expressão de indicadores endócrinos). No artigo 1, a anestesia com os OEs provocou alterações em alguns parâmetros medidos em jundiás, mas não impediu a restauração da maioria dos indicadores avaliados após 240 min de recuperação. No artigo 2, 50 μL L-1 do OEHR provocou a elevação dos níveis de glicose, lactato, proteína e osmolalidade, bem como aumento na atividade de enzimas metabólicas e redução na expressão do GH e SL. No manuscrito, douradas expostos ao OELA, estressados ou não, exibiram maiores níveis de cortisol, glicose, lactato e osmolalidade. A exposição ao OELA somado ao estresse reduziu os níveis de expressão de CRH-BP (hormônio liberador de corticotrofina ligado à proteína). A expressão de PRL foi reduzida no grupo controle estressado e após a exposição ao OELA e 2-PHE em peixes não estressados. Maiores expressões de pro-opiomelanocortina (POMC) a e b foram observadas em peixes estressados e expostos ao OELA e 2-PHE, respectivamente. Conclui-se que: (1) o OELA é mais eficiente para jundiás que o OEHR em concentrações para anestesia; (2) para sedar os peixes, recomenda-se 30 μL L-1 do OEHR (ou menos); (3) o OELA foi eficaz como anestésico para dourada entre 100-300 μL L-1, mas para 4 h de exposição o 2-PHE foi mais eficiente em prevenir a resposta ao estresse.

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