University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. / The Boy Scout and Girl Guide movement in Australia has received very limited scholarly attention, despite its status as a prominent youth organisation since the early twentieth century. This thesis juxtaposes the oral history testimonies of twenty-two current and past Boy Scouts and Girl Guides in Australia with the official model of Scouting and Guiding devised by the founder, Sir Robert BadenPowell. The research engages with broad social themes, including gender, class, and primacy of the outdoors. Close analysis is provided of one of the most debated elements of the movement: the use of middle-class adolescents' leisure time to build good future citizens or soldiers. The thesis provides an account of the religious and cultural context of the contemporary movement in Australia, particularly its 'white' Christian origins. Findings indicate the ambiguous and contested nature of Baden-Powell's 'official model', and reveal the intricate, manifold experiences of participants in the movement. Those who took part in the Boy Scouts and Girl Guides have been significantly influenced by their involvement, and the movement has played a memorable role in their lives.

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. / The Boy Scout and Girl Guide movement in Australia has received very limited scholarly attention, despite its status as a prominent youth organisation since the early twentieth century. This thesis juxtaposes the oral history testimonies of twenty-two current and past Boy Scouts and Girl Guides in Australia with the official model of Scouting and Guiding devised by the founder, Sir Robert BadenPowell. The research engages with broad social themes, including gender, class, and primacy of the outdoors. Close analysis is provided of one of the most debated elements of the movement: the use of middle-class adolescents' leisure time to build good future citizens or soldiers. The thesis provides an account of the religious and cultural context of the contemporary movement in Australia, particularly its 'white' Christian origins. Findings indicate the ambiguous and contested nature of Baden-Powell's 'official model', and reveal the intricate, manifold experiences of participants in the movement. Those who took part in the Boy Scouts and Girl Guides have been significantly influenced by their involvement, and the movement has played a memorable role in their lives.

This comparative study of Girl Guiding in Malaya, India, Nigeria, and Australia examines the dynamics of engagement between Western and non-Western women participants. Originally a program to promote feminine citizenship only to British girls, Guiding became tied up with efforts to maintain, transform, or build different kinds of imagined communities—imperial states, nationalists movements, and independent nation states. From the program’s origins in London in 1909 until 1960 the relationship of the metropole and colonies resembled a complex web of influence, adaptation, and agency. The interactions between Girl Guide officialdom headquartered in London, Guide leaders of colonized girls, and the colonized girls who joined suggest that the foundational ideology of Guiding, maternalism, became a common language that participants used to work toward different ideas and practices of civic belonging initially as members of the British Empire and later as members of independent nations.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Education. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-224). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19792

The Girl Guides of Canada is a youth service organization, serving almost 10% of the Canadian female population aged 5-17, that aims to teach girls and young women to become responsible citizens. In this thesis, I review the curriculum of the Pathfinder branch (for girls and young women aged 12-15) of the Girl Guides of Canada. Using feminist, anti-racist, and queer perspectives, I treat "responsible citizenship" as a discursive concept and conduct a discourse analysis of the Pathfinder programme to discover how it attempts to gain the consent of girls and young women to particular definitions of responsible citizenship. Drawing on feminist citizenship theory developed by Yuval-Davis, Anthias, Alexander, and Ross, I argue that the state implicates select female citizens in nation building practices as biological reproducers and transmitters of culture. I also draw on theories of moral regulation extended by Sangster, Strange, and Loo to illustrate ways in which the state and voluntary organizations attempt to gain the consent of citizens to particular ways of being. I argue that, because its texts authorize particular definitions of responsible citizenship, the Pathfinder curriculum implicates girls and young women in capitalist nation building in Canada. Specifically, I argue that the Pathfinder programme normalizes heterosexuality, whiteness, and ability, and privileges middle-class values. I also demonstrate that a responsible citizen, according to the Pathfinder curriculum, performs caregiving and environmental stewardship as volunteer service, prepares to join the labour force, and is healthy, hygienic, cheerful and obedient. I raise questions about the nature of the organization's efforts to teach about sexism, racism, classism, ableism, homophobia and heterosexism, and suggest some ways in which the curriculum can attend to these social relations to develop a more inclusive image of the ideal responsible citizen. I also suggest a number of directions for future research.

The Girl Guides of Canada is a youth service organization, serving almost 10% of the Canadian female population aged 5-17, that aims to teach girls and young women to become responsible citizens. In this thesis, I review the curriculum of the Pathfinder branch (for girls and young women aged 12-15) of the Girl Guides of Canada. Using feminist, anti-racist, and queer perspectives, I treat "responsible citizenship" as a discursive concept and conduct a discourse analysis of the Pathfinder programme to discover how it attempts to gain the consent of girls and young women to particular definitions of responsible citizenship. Drawing on feminist citizenship theory developed by Yuval-Davis, Anthias, Alexander, and Ross, I argue that the state implicates select female citizens in nation building practices as biological reproducers and transmitters of culture. I also draw on theories of moral regulation extended by Sangster, Strange, and Loo to illustrate ways in which the state and voluntary organizations attempt to gain the consent of citizens to particular ways of being. I argue that, because its texts authorize particular definitions of responsible citizenship, the Pathfinder curriculum implicates girls and young women in capitalist nation building in Canada. Specifically, I argue that the Pathfinder programme normalizes heterosexuality, whiteness, and ability, and privileges middle-class values. I also demonstrate that a responsible citizen, according to the Pathfinder curriculum, performs caregiving and environmental stewardship as volunteer service, prepares to join the labour force, and is healthy, hygienic, cheerful and obedient. I raise questions about the nature of the organization's efforts to teach about sexism, racism, classism, ableism, homophobia and heterosexism, and suggest some ways in which the curriculum can attend to these social relations to develop a more inclusive image of the ideal responsible citizen. I also suggest a number of directions for future research. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate