[pt] Enquanto, nas últimas três décadas, as empresas chamadas de Nascidas Globais (Born Globals) têm se destacado na literatura, um outro fenômeno, também atrelado ao processo de internacionalização de empresas, parece estar ocorrendo, muito embora, tenha sido pouco comentado. Trata-se das Empresas sem Fronteiras (ESF). Estas são as empresas que verdadeiramente teriam nascido globais, assemelhando-se assim às Born Globals, porém, diferenciando delas porque, desde do momento em que foram concebidas, iniciaram suas atividades internacionais, sob um amplo escopo geográfico, psíquico e organizacional, possuindo indícios de cultivarem uma mentalidade global que as faz ver o mundo sem fronteiras. As nuances do processo de internacionalização de uma empresa classificada como sem fronteira foram analisadas por meio de um estudo de caso em profundidade. Da mesma forma, os fatores que tenderiam a levar a este padrão peculiar de internacionalização também são investigados no presente estudo. / [en] While the last three decades, born global companies have distinguished themselves in literature, another phenomenon, also linked to the internationalization process of companies, seems to be happening but has been little discussed. These are bordless companies. Ones that resemble the born global, however, differ from them because, started its international activities from the moment they are conceived, over a wide geographic, organizational and psychological scopes, having evidence to cultivate a global mindset that makes them see the world without borders. The nuances of the process of internationalization of a company classified as a Borderless Company were analyzed using a case study in depth. Likewise, the factors that tend to lead to this peculiar pattern of internationalization are also investigated in this study.

The authors realized the importance of being flexible in cultural values in the current environment of today’s economy. This environment is called ‘globalization’ that has become an interesting topic in the academic world. Beyond the different challenges, the most important challenge regarding to the thesis topic is the cultural challenge. The authors have combined these elements and  wanted to investigate how these factors influence marketing advertising in the Middle East. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to reach an understanding about how cultural differences in global marketing advertising can be handled by global companies in the Middle East.  The findings of the thesis reflect upon the question of "how global companies can better address cultural differences in marketing advertising in the Middle East" by first understanding and respecting the culture and religion of the region, following the regulations and guidelines for advertising in every specific country, cooperating with local agencies and adapting the marketing advertising strategy with a glocal ‘think global, act local’ approach.

In the light of the Global Era, post COVID-19 restrictions, companies have started to operate their businesses in virtual or hybrid workplaces. In the context of disruptive times, the importance of inclusive behavior in work environments has been denoted. Thus, this thesis aims to investigate if and how global companies and their leaders practice inclusive leadership in virtual and/or hybrid teams. Specifically, this concerns investigating the perceptions of individual employees and leaders of their respective companies’ inclusive behavior in virtual and/or hybrid work environments. In order to assess the different perspectives of employees and leaders, qualitative interviews were conducted. In addition, primary data was complemented with an investigation of official public company information regarding their work with inclusion. Empirical data was analyzed based on an adaptation of a theoretical model of inclusive leadership with the aim to identify and analyze different themes related to inclusive leadership as well as potential emerging themes. The findings indicate that global companies studied within the scope of this research practice inclusive leadership working in virtual and/or hybrid work environments. Twelve themes emerge as factors and behaviors of leadership, at global companies and their leaders, that facilitate an inclusive environment in hybrid and virtual settings.

“Waste of resources is a mortal sin at IKEA.” – Ingvar Kamprad IKEA, as one of the biggest furniture companies in the world (Alänge, 2015), makes it interesting to have a look into their practices to gain a deeper insight by looking at how they work on a more sustainable and environmental friendlier world. Since Ingvar Kamprad, the founder of this company, mentioned sustainability from the earliest years, this work will provide an insight on how the sustainability annual reports of IKEA present their sustainability strategies to the reader every year. The researchers use the secondary analysis method to provide the theoretical framework and apply a case study to conduct the empirical data of the company IKEA. Since (Harte et al., 1991) pointed out that annual reports are an important source of environmental information. The database is in form of annual reports from the year 2010 till 2018 that were provided by the company IKEA itself. Through the pattern matching method the numbers over the years are compared and discussed due to their development. Furthermore, the areas “production” and “supplier” are selected from the supply chain management and also included in the analyzes section, since both, the development of other organizational relationships in the supply chain and the environmental corporation can become an integral part of the company (Seuring & Müller, 2008). Through diagrams in the empirical chapter this work will provide a comparison between the different factors in the mentioned areas of the supply chain management and discuss the actual development and partly improvements of the factor’s “energy”, “waste”, “production” etc. and the promises and goals from the IKEA’s side.

[pt] A Globalização promove inúmeras oportunidades para as empresas incluindo o acesso a múltiplos mercados, novas receitas, conhecimentos e tecnologias capazes de incrementar sua competitividade. Paralelamente, gera uma série de ameaças num ambiente crescente de instabilidade mundial que provém de conflitos geopolíticos e sociais, alguém de riscos econômico-financeiros. Mais ainda, a solidicação de um sistema econômico global em desequilíbrio é um dos principais motivos dos conflitos e dos riscos. Estas vertentes da Globalização, tanto positivas quanto negativas, causam distúrbios e oscilações agressivas aos mercados criando desafios à gestâo estratégica corporativa global. As abordagens teóricas do processo de Globalização das empresas, disponíveis na literatura levam em conta as vertentes de ameaças e oportunidades, no entanto de forma desordenada. Este estudo propõe uma análise qualitativa das principais abordagens existentes com o objetivo de identificar os desafios da gestão corporativa de empresas em transformação global sob essas duas vertentes. Mais ainda, demonstra que a busca de alternativas para sua sobrevivência e independência doméstica, requer a revisão da forma de suas funções administrativas e a formulação e implementação de suas estratégias, de maneira a definir a estrutura necessária para a expansão de seus negócios. É demonstrado também que vislumbrar novos mercados requer diversas habilidades dinâmicas, mas também sistematização para administrar desafios externos e internos. / [en] Globalization provides several opportunities to companies, including access to multiple markets, new revenues, knowledge and technologies, that increases their competitivity. On the other hand, it generates a series of threats within an environment of worldwide growing instability, originated from social and geopolitical conflicts, together with financial and economical risks. Moreover, the solidification of an unstable global economical system is at the heart of such conflicts and risks. Such aspects of the Globalization process, both the positive and negative ones, may cause aggressive disturbances and oscillations in the markets creating challenges to the global corporate strategic management. The modern approaches to managerial globalization process take into account both these aspects, opportunities and threats, however in an unordered way. In this work we present a qualitative analysis of the main approaches to global companies, aiming to pinpoint the challenges of corporate management of companies under globalization. Moreover, we demonstrate that a search for alternatives to a company's survival and domestic independence requires a change of perspective regarding their administrative functions and the formulation and implementation of their strategies, in order to define the necessary infrastructure to allow its business growth. It is also shown that a search for new markets requires several dynamic abilities but also a systematic method to manage internal and external challenges.