Proceeding from the security concept and the importance of broadening and deepening security studies, where human security issues today go beyond international conflicts and military operations. This thesis examines how social and economic globalization affects the rate of child labour in developing countries and what are the most influential factors in this phenomenon, especially the role of social globalization, the importance of free education and the impact of GDP, family income and poverty. Taking into account the security consequences of this phenomenon in the future. Where this study reached the conclusion that social globalization helps reduce child labour. And that economic globalization does not directly affect child labour, but there are sub-dimensions of economic globalization that may affect directly, such as per capita GDP or the "income effect" which is one of the most important factors in determining the rate of child labour. and free education is an incentive in reducing of child labour.

This research considers the effective deployment of expatriate managers by international organisations. It is argued that success on international placements is partly dependent upon the identification and development of support for personnel managing such assignments Extant research indicates that the success rates of international assignments are not commensurate with the investments made by organisations. A number of key elements have been identified which, it is argued, if properly supported could ensure a greater degree of satisfaction and success of the `dual' expatriation process. Central to this research is the view that in order for organisations to maximise the skills and abilities of staff sent on international assignments and to minimise the direct and indirect costs of the whole process, these key elements of support should be placed within an organisational policy. This should be framed, communicated, enacted upon and understood by all concerned. This would encompass the He cycle of assignments involving the main phases of pre-departure, post arrival and repatriation. In order to examine this propositional view, this research studied the support given to expatriate managers on international assignments and compares and contrasts it with stated parent company policy in the assistance of their staff placed abroad. A number of methods of enquiry were undertaken. Adopting a Western European perspective, it included the retrospective view by expatriate managers of the support given by their companies in the completion of an international assignment. To examine the extent to which the perceptions of managers of company support on assignments matched declared policy, data from a survey questionnaire of 300 managers from four companies in different sectors was examined. The expatriation policies of four multinational companies were also examined and key personnel were interviewed about the framing and implementation of these policies. Further analysis of perceptions within companies was possible through semi-structured interviews with selected key decision makers. The main contribution of this thesis is the development of a conceptual model identifying a typology of support during the dual expatriation process. This will assist both academic and practitioners to analyse the whole expatriation process and enhance both individual and organisational development.

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This study seeks to investigate how Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has been implemented on a local level in Burkina Faso, by focusing on 1) how the local context has been considered in the top-down implementation, and 2) what role formal and informal institutions play in the Local Water Committees (CLEs). Burkina Faso is facing issues of water scarcity, and in times of climate change management of water resources has become a topic of great concern. In 1992, the general principles of IWRM were presented at the Dublin conference. Since then, IWRM has been implemented in many countries across the world, and in West Africa, Burkina Faso has been a pioneering country when it comes to the implementation. Previous research on institutional reforms in development has shown that blueprint solutions tend to fail on adaptation to the local context. Furthermore, both formal and informal institutions need to be acknowledged in institutional analyses. In order to answer the research focus in this thesis, a field study has been conducted in Burkina Faso. It is a comparative case study of two Local Water Committees within one Water Agency, where semi-structured informant interviews and an ethnographic approach have been used as methods. It is shown that the implementation, to some extent, has failed to consider the local context. However, the findings indicate that the local context in itself is an ambiguous concept that is highly complex due to history, culture and recent political changes in Burkina Faso. Informal institutions are shown to have some impact on the possibilities to work, however, future research is needed to establish this further.

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