Probablement rédigé au milieu du XIIIe siècle dans un milieu proche de celui de l’Université, l’anonyme Compendium philosophie ou Compilatio de libris naturalibus Aristotelis et aliorum quorundam philosophorum donne à voir un abrégé du corpus aristotélicien sur la nature divisé en huit livres. Jamais édité à l’époque moderne et tombé dans l’oubli le plus total après le XVe siècle, le Compendium philosophie a été relativement peu étudié et la seule édition disponible en est une édition partielle, à hauteur d’1/7e du texte, réalisée dans les années 1930 à partir du texte d’un seul manuscrit. Notre travail doctoral a non seulement permis de dégager une liste de 37 manuscrits au total, ce qui laisse imaginer une diffusion relativement efficace, mais encore d’établir que l’oeuvre avait connu au moins quatre versions différentes. Plusieurs éléments nous mettent sur la piste, en ce qui concerne la rédaction, d’un réseau cistercien en rapport avec les études. L’état des sources « philosophiques » du texte laisse supposer, quant à lui, une rédaction en milieu universitaire. La conjonction de ces deux informations nous mènera à formuler une hypothèse originale sur la genèse du texte et son contexte de rédaction. Outre l’enquête sur la tradition manuscrite et les sources du texte, ce travail doctoral tentera de rendre compte de l’état des quatre versions dans une édition critique préliminaire d’une partie des livres sur la philosophie naturelle. / Probably written in the middle of the XIIIth century in a universitarian context, the anonymous compilation known as Compendium philosophie or Compilatio de libris naturalibus Aristotelis is an abbreviation of Aristotle’s corpus on nature and is composed of eight books. Few scholars have been interested in this text and the only edition ever made was a partial one, from only one manuscript. This doctoral work shows that the text is preserved in at least 37 manuscripts, and that it was transmitted in four different versions. Furthermore, deep links with the cistercian order have been discovered, as well as university sources for the philosophical parts of the text. Finally, a critical edition of part of the text will be carried out.

The Glossa ordinaria compiled by Bernard of Parma (d. 1266) on Pope Gregory IX’s 1234 Decretales, commonly known as the Liber extra, is among the most influential canon law commentaries during the High and Late Middle Ages. Interrogating this source, this dissertation examines the legal status of selected marginal religious groups in medieval Europe—apostates, heretics, Jews, Muslims, and practitioners of magic. Soon after its emergence, Bernard’s Glossa was studied by law school students—that is, future Church judges, lawyers, inquisitors, and even popes—from the mid-thirteenth century on, and was the standard commentary copied into the margins of manuscripts of the Decretales. Yet, modern scholarship ignores this source almost entirely. This study treats this issue through transcription, translation, comparison, and analysis of texts from selected medieval manuscripts of the Decretales and the Glossa, including the earliest surviving exemplars (c. 1240). It explicates the Romano-canonical judicial terminology and principles employed by the Glossa. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the Glossa’s manner of using legal allegations and tracks the excerpts which it inherits from commentarial literature. Finally, it examines how the Glossa treats the selected marginal religious groups, and thus uncovers how this source can serve as a window for us into medieval society from the perspective of the learned or academic law. More broadly, this work contributes to a fuller understanding of the development of medieval canonical science, the operation of the ecclesiastical-legal system, and the mechanism through which the institutional Church defined its own religious boundaries.

The Glossa ordinaria on the Bible stands as one of the prime achievements of the period in western intellectual history known as the Renaissance of the twelfth century. In spite of the great number of still extant manuscripts very little is known about the circumstances around its composition. This state of affairs is partly explained by the lack of modern and critical editions of the books of the Glossa ordinaria. The present work is the first critical edition of the Glossa ordinaria on the Book of Lamentations, and consists of the forewords, or prothemata, and the first book (of five) of this text, which was compiled early in the twelfth century by the theologian and Ciceronian rhetorician Gilbert the Universal (†1134), schoolmaster at Auxerre and subsequently Bishop of London. The introduction includes a background sketch of the environment in which the Glossa ordinaria was conceived – the school of Laon – with a short biography of Gilbert the Universal, as well as a study of the sources to this particular part of the Gloss, chief among them the ninth-century commentary of Paschasius Radbertus. It is shown that Gilbert’s major improvement to his source, apart from drastically rewriting it, consists of the introduction of Ciceronian rhetorical loci to the verses of Lamentations. The introduction furthermore provides the reader with an analysis of the manuscript tradition of the early twelfth century and a selective analysis of the later manuscript tradition (some 86 manuscripts have so far been traced). One of the conclusions reached is that the Gloss on Lamentations exists in two textual recensions, the one original, the other a later redaction made once the Gloss had become a success and preserved in nearly all the later manuscripts. The manuscripts of the first recension, which is the one edited in the present work, may be organised into a stemma codicum consisting of two major families originating in a single archetype. It is possible to reconstruct this archetype on the basis of the five oldest manuscripts. An English translation of the edited text is included, as well as a ‘semi-critical’ edition of the text of the second recension. An important part of the present work consists of an effort to combine the sophisticated mise-en-page of the glossed manuscripts with the standards of presentation to be expected of a modern critical edition.

Mgr. Andrea Svobodová Komplexní studium Rukopisu dzikovského se zam ením na grafickou, jazykovou a textovou analýzu eské sbírky kázání A Comprehensive Study of The Dzikowian Manuscript Focusing on a Graphic, Language and Textual Analysis of the Czech Postil Abstract The thesis submits a comprehensive philological analysis of the Dzikowian Manuscript, an insufficiently explored late medieval manuscript containing two postils, de tempore in Latin and de sanctis in Old Czech. The thesis aims to specify the place of this work in the context of medieval preaching, to critically review the previous research and to find new paths of research in evaluating this work. It is divided into three chapters, their common topic being attribution of both the postils on the grounds of codicological, content, and especially language features. Special emphasis is put on description of non-standard language phenomena, their interpretation being a key factor for transcription rules (one of the main results achieved apart from precising probable dating and localisation is a complete transcription of the Old Czech postil). The phenomena described enrich the existing inventory of deviations from the standard language and call for relating to other sources traditionally categorised as dialectal and thus for elaborating diachronic...