Memoria para optar al título de Bioquímico / La regulación de la circulación pulmonar en el periodo de perinatal es fundamental en la mantención de una presión arterial media (mPAP) y una resistencia vascular disminuida. Una desregulación del tono arterial pulmonar basal puede llevar a patologías tal como hipertensión pulmonar. Está descrito que la regulación del tono arterial pulmonar basal es resultado de un equilibrio de agentes constrictores y relajantes. La principal vía de transducción de señales involucrada según la bibliografía es la de sGC-cGMP-PKG, sGC es activado por compuestos gaseosos como NO (producido en la capa endotelial por eNOS) y en menor proporción por CO, que puede ser producido endógenamente por hemoxigenasas. Existen antecedentes de la estimulación de la vía sGC-cGMP mediante la administración exógena de hemina en modelos de ovejas recién nacidas (RNOV) hipertensas. Se desconocen los efectos de la inducción de la respuesta dependiente de cGMP en un modelo de RNOV normotenso. Nuestra hipótesis es que la administración de hemina produce en la circulación pulmonar neonatal una exacerbación de la vía vasodilatadora dependiente de cGMP. Se utilizaron RNOV normotensas de nivel de mar, dividiéndolas en dos grupos al azar. Se les administró hemina (15mg/Kg peso) o control (Vehículo de NaOH 0,01N y PBS 1x) desde el 5to día de vida, durante 10 días. Al día 17 de vida se eutanizó y se recolectaron tejidos para el estudio funcional ex vivo con miografías de alambre de la vía dependiente de cGMP en arterias pequeñas de pulmón, e in vitro con PCR de la expresión génica de sus componentes y por ELISA para evaluar el contenido de cGMP del tejido pulmonar. Los resultados muestran un aumento del contenido total de cGMP en el grupo con administración de hemina y aumento de la funcionalidad dependiente de cGMP por lo que se acepta la hipótesis de la memoria. Estos resultados contrastan con la respuesta in vivo donde no se modificó la mPAP entre ambos grupos. Se concluye que la regulación del tono vascular basal primordialmente no depende del equilibrio de los agentes vasoactivos como es descrito en la bibliografía del tema estudiado y por lo tanto se cuestiona la supuesta regulación de la circulación pulmonar basal del periodo perinatal / The pulmonary circulation’s regulation in the perinatal period it is fundamental in the maintenance of mPAP and RVP decreased. A deregulation of basal pulmonary arterial tone can lead to pathologies as pulmonary hypertension. It is described that the basal pulmonary arterial tone regulation it is given by a balance between constrictors and dilators agents. The main signal transduction pathway involver according to research it is the sGC-cGMP-PKG one, sGC can be activated by gaseous compounds as NO (produced on the endothelial layer by eNOS) and in a minor degree by CO, which can be produced endogenously by hemoxygenases. The data showed that exogenous hemin administration in hypertensive newborn lamb can stimulate the sGC-cGMP pathway. It is unknown of the effects of the induction of cGMP-dependent response in a pulmonary normotensive newborn sheep model. Our hypothesis it’s that hemin administration lead to an exacerbation of the cGMP pathway on the pulmonary circulation regulation. Normotensive newborn sheep were used from lowlands, dividing them on two random groups. Hemin (15mg/Kg weight) or control (Vehicle 0.01N NaOH and PBS 1x) was administered from the 5th day of life, for 10 days. On day 17 postnatal life the animal was euthanized and tissues were collected for the ex vivo study with wire myographies of functional study of the cGMP dependent pathway in small pulmonary arteries, and in vitro with PCR of the mRNA expression of the components of the pathway and ELISA technique for cGMP content of lung tissue. The results showed an increase in the total cGMP content in hemin group administration and an increase in cGMP-dependent functionality hence accepting the hypothesis of this study. This results contrast with the in vivo response where mPAP was unmodificated. It is concluded that the basal pulmonary circulation tone regulation is not dependent of the balance between the vasoactive agents as described by a lot of researchers of the studied topic and therefore, the supposed regulation of the basal pulmonary circulation of the perinatal period is questioned

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Entwicklung eines vaskularisierten, autologen Implantats zur Behandlung von schweren Verletzungen der Trachea im Umfeld der guten Herstellungspraxis. Die Matrix besteht aus einem circa 14 cm langen Stück porcinen, azellularisierten Dünndarm und BioVaSc (Biological Vascularized Scaffold) genannt wird. Dieses wird dann mit isolierten und kultivierten Zellen des Patienten besiedelt und reift für zwei Wochen in einem speziell hierfür entwickelten Bioreaktorsystem. Danach erfolgt die Analyse bzw. die Implantation in den Patienten. Nach der Präparation und Überprüfung der Qualität, erfolgte die Azellularisierung der BioVaSc zur Entfernung der porcinen Zellen und der enzymatische Abbau der DNS, unter Erhalt des natürlichen Gefäßsystems. Hierfür ist Natriumdesoxycholat verwendet worden, wobei Rückstände davon das Ansiedeln der autologen Zellen negativ beeinflussen könnten. Deshalb wurde ein Test etabliert, mit dessen Hilfe, das Auswaschen der Azellularisierungsdetergenz bis zur Sterilisation nachweisbar war. Des Weiteren könnten in der BioVaSc natürlicherweise enthaltene Endotoxine Immunreaktionen im späteren Empfänger auslösen. Die gesetzlichen Grenzwerte konnten durch Modifikationen des Protokolls, unter Berücksichtigung der guten Herstellungspraxis, erreicht werden. Weiterhin konnte histologisch eine weitgehende DNS- und Zellfreiheit nachgewiesen werden, in der quantitativen Analyse ergab sich eine Abreicherung von 97% im Vergleich zum Ausgangsmaterial. Zur Bestimmung der funktionellen Stabilität der azellularisierten Matrix wurde die maximal tolerable Zugspannung bestimmt. Zur Besiedlung der Gefäße der Matrix wurden mikrovaskuläre Endothelzellen und für das Lumen Fibroblasten und Skelettmuskelzellen verwendet. Die Protokolle zur Isolation und Kultur sind hierzu unter den Bedingungen der guten Herstellungspraxis etabliert, optimiert und mit, soweit möglich, zertifizierten Reagenzien durchgeführt worden. Zur genauen Charakterisierung der Zellen wurden diese immunhistologisch über vier Passagen analysiert, wobei sich je nach Zelltyp und Differenzierungsstadium unterschiedliche Expressionsmuster ergaben. Zur Herstellung des autologen Implantats wurden zunächst die mikrovaskulären Endothelzellen in das vorhandene Gefäßsystem der BioVaSc eingebracht und dann für sieben Tage im etablierten Bioreaktorsystem kultiviert. Danach erfolgte die Besiedlung des Lumens mit Skelettmuskelzellen und Fibroblasten und die weitere siebentägige Kultur im Bioreaktorsystem. Die Besiedlung des Gefäßsystems musste optimiert werden, um sowohl die Besiedlungsdichte zu steigern als auch die Effizienz zu erhöhen. Das Lumen konnte mit der etablierten Methode vollständig besiedelt werden. Nach vierzehntägiger Kultur im Bioreaktorsystem erfolgte die Kontrolle der Zellvitalität, wobei sowohl in den Gefäßstrukturen als auch im Lumen der BioVaSc vitale Zellen nachweisbar waren. Histologische Analysen zeigten, dass die mikrovaskulären Endothelzellen in den verbliebenen vaskulären Strukturen CD31 und den vWF exprimieren. Wohingegen die histologische Unterscheidung zwischen Fibroblasten und Skelettmuskelzellen nicht möglich ist. Zusätzlich wurde die BioVaSc mit upcyte mvEC der Firma Medicyte besiedelt. Nach der vierzehntägigen Kultur im Bioreaktorsystem waren die Zellen sowohl in den Gefäßstrukturen als auch im Lumen und im Bindegewebe vital nachweisbar. In der histologischen Analyse konnte die Ausbildung von CD31, eNOS und vWF nachgewiesen werden. Des Weiteren wurde die Matrix mit mesenchymalen Stammzellen besiedelt, um zu analysieren, ob die Scherkräfte die Ausbildung endothelialer Marker stimulieren können. Nach vierzehntägiger Kultur konnte in den histologischen Analysen keine Ausbildung von CD31 oder dem vWF gefunden, allerdings vitale Zellen nachgewiesen werden. / In this work, a vascularized implant for the treatment for tracheal defects was developed according to GMP standards. For this purpose, a part of porcine small intestine was prepared, decellularized and sterilized. The remaining matrix, trademarked BioVaSc “Biological, Vascularized Scaffold”, was colonized with isolated and cultured cells from the patient and then matured for two weeks in a bioreactor system. Finally, the prepared for implantation autologous implant was extensively characterized. After the integrity check of the vessel system the decellularization process was started, which is performed by removing the porcine cells with sodium desoxycholat and enzymatic degradation of the residual DNA. As traces of sodium desoxycholat could negatively affect the seeding of the autologous cells, a test was established to demonstrate the depletion of sodium desoxycholat to acceptable traces in the final matrix preparation. Furthermore, the porcine starting material for the BioVaSc contains endotoxins, which could trigger immune reactions in the recipient if not efficiently removed. The legal limit for endotoxine levels in pharmaceutical products could be achieved through modifications of the protocol. In order to establish a GMP compliant process, specially certified chemicals were used wherever possible. The protocol was optimized until histological analysis showed only few residual cells and DNA residues. The quantitative DNA analysis revealed a decrease of 97 % of the initial DNA content. To determine storage stability, a tensile test to check elasticity of the BioVaSc was established. To colonize the matrix, autologous microvascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts and skeletal muscle cells were used. The protocols were established and optimized under GMP conditions and, wherever possible, certified reagents were used. For accurate characterization of these cells, immunohistology analyses were performed at each of the four passages for all cell types. For the final manufacturing of the autologous implant, microvascular endothelial cells were introduced into the vascular system of the BioVaSc and were cultured for seven days in a custom made bioreactor system under defined shear stress conditions resembling the human blood pressure. This was followed by culturing of skeletal muscle cells and fibroblasts in the lumen of the gut, followed by an additional seven-day culture period. Colonization of the vascular system had to be optimized in order to increase the population density as well as the efficiency of reseeding. The lumen was fully populated with fibroblasts and skeletal muscle cells by the established protocol. However, the discrimination between fibroblasts and skeletal muscle cells with normal histology was difficult because no fitting antibody was available. After a two-week culture in the custom made bioreactor system the analysis showed vital cells in the vascular structures and in the lumen of the BioVaSc. Further histological analysis were performed. In order to explore alternative cell sources, the BioVaSc was reseeded with upcyte mvEC. These transfected cells are highly proliferative and show typical endothelial markers. After fourteen days of culture in the bioreactor system, cells could be detected in vascular structures, lumen and in connective tissue. Live / dead staining and MTT identified vital cells within vascular structures. The histological analysis revealed expression of CD31, eNOS and vWF. Furthermore, the matrix was reseeded with mesenchymal stem cells; to test if shear stress triggers differentiation into endothelial like cells. This was checked through displaying the corresponding endothelial markers in histological analyses. After fourteen days of culture in the bioreactor system, histological analyzes show no expression of CD31 or vWF factor. Vital cells could be detected.

Essential hypertension is defined as a chronic elevation of blood pressure of unknown cause. Though a definitive trigger for this change in blood pressure has not been established, there is a strong association with an upregulation of sympathetic output from the central nervous system. There are a number of central autonomic nuclei involved in the maintenance of blood pressure, including the brainstem regions of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM), rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), the sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) within the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of the spinal cord, as well as forebrain regions such as the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Within these centers, a vast number of neurotransmitters have been identified that contribute to the control of blood pressure, including glutamate, angiotensin II, serotonin, neurotensin, neuropeptide Y, opioids and catecholamines. Recognition of the role of nitric oxide (NO) and its multiple influences over the neural control of blood pressure is gaining increasing significance. Nitric oxide is a unique modulatory molecule that acts as a non-conventional neurotransmitter. As NO is a gas with a short half-life of 4 – 6 seconds, its’ synthesising enzyme, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is often used as a marker of location of production. Once activated, the best-known “receptor” for NO is soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), which drives the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Identifying the presence of cGMP can therefore be used to determine sites receptive to NO. Previous studies examining the role of NO in the central autonomic control of blood pressure have focused predominantly upon application of either excitatory or inhibitory drugs into the key central autonomic regions and assessing pressor or depressor effects. This thesis aims instead to study the neuroanatomical relationship and functional significance of NO and cGMP expression in the brain and spinal cord of a hypertensive and normotensive rat model. In the first experimental chapter (Chapter 3), a comparative neuroanatomical analysis of neuronal NOS expression and its relationship with cGMP in the SPN of mature Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and their controls, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) was undertaken. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry confirmed the expression of nNOS in the majority of SPN located within the IML region of both strains. However, a strain specific anatomical arrangement of SPN cell clusters was evident and while there was no significant difference between the total number of SPN in each strain, there were significantly fewer nNOS positive SPN in the SHR animals. All nNOS positive SPN were found to express cGMP, and a novel subpopulation of nNOS negative, cGMP-positive SPN was identified. These cells were located in the medial edge of the IML SPN cell group. These results suggest that cGMP is a key signalling molecule in SPN, and that a reduced number of nNOS positive SPN in the SHR may be associated with the increase in sympathetic tone seen in essential hypertension. The second experimental chapter (Chapter 4) aimed to determine if reduced numbers of nNOS containing SPN translated into reduced detectable cGMP. The functional significance of cGMP signalling in the two strains was then examined. Based on previous work by our group, it was predicted that reduced nNOS in the SHR would translate into reduced cGMP and that intrathecal administration of exogenous cGMP in the spinal cord would drive a differential pressor response in the two animal strains. Immunohistochemical techniques confirmed that within each SPN, the relative level of cGMP expression was significantly reduced in the SHR when compared to the WKY. Intrathecal application of 8-bromo-cGMP, a drug analogous to cGMP, increased blood pressure in both strains and had a differential and dose dependent effect, causing only a small increase in blood pressure in anaesthetised WKY animals, while driving a significant pressor response in the SHR. This finding raised the novel hypothesis that in the SHR, reduced nNOS expression is not a driver of hypertension, but is instead a protective mechanism limiting the potent pressor effects of cGMP within SPN. The third experimental chapter (Chapter 5) examines the expression of neuronal and inducible isoforms of NOS (nNOS, iNOS) within the RVLM of SHR and WKY rats. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyse the level of mRNA expression and immunohistochemistry was then used to further analyse protein levels of nNOS. Total RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed from the RVLM of mature male WKY and SHR. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated that relative to WKY, mRNA levels for nNOS was significantly higher in RVLM of the SHR. This was confirmed immunohistochemically. When compared to iNOS, nNOS was expressed at significantly higher levels overall, however there was no difference in iNOS mRNA expression between the two strains. This demonstration of differential expression levels of nNOS and iNOS in the RVLM raises the possibilities that (i) NO production is up-regulated in the RVLM in SHR in response to increased sympathetic activity in order to re-establish homeostatic balance or alternatively that (ii) an alteration in the balance between nNOS and iNOS activity may underlie the genesis of augmented sympathetic vasomotor tone during hypertension. The fourth experimental chapter (Chapter 6) extends the observations in Chapter 5 through examination of the expression of cGMP and sGC within the RVLM. There is strong functional evidence to suggest that NO signalling in the RVLM relies on cGMP as an intracellular signalling molecule and that this pathway is impaired in hypertension. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess cGMP expression as a marker of active NO signalling in the C1 region of the RVLM, again comparing SHR and WKY animals. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry on sections of the RVLM, double labelled for cGMP and either nNOS or phenylethylamine methyl-transferase (PNMT) failed to reveal cGMP positive neurons in the RVLM from aged animals of either strain, despite consistent detection of cGMP immunoreactivity neurons in the nucleus ambiguus from the same or adjacent sections. This was demonstrated both in the presence and absence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) and in young vs. aged animals. In-vitro incubation of RVLM slices in the NO donor DETA-NO or NMDA did not reveal any additional cGMP neuronal staining within the RVLM. In all studies, cGMP was prominent within the vasculature. Soluble guanylate cyclase immunoreactivity was found throughout the RVLM, although it did not co-localise with the PNMT or nNOS neuronal populations. Overall, results suggest that within the RVLM, cGMP is not detectable in the resting state and cannot be elicited by phosphodiesterase inhibition, NMDA receptor stimulation or NO donor application. A short time course of cGMP signalling or degradation not inhibited by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor utilised (IBMX) in the RVLM cannot be excluded. The final experimental chapter (Chapter 7) examines cGMP expression in magnocellular and preautonomic parvocellular neurons of the PVN. Retrograde tracing techniques and immunohistochemistry were used to visualise cGMP immunoreactivity within functionally, neurochemically and topographically defined PVN neuronal populations in Wistar rats. Basal cGMP immunoreactivity was readily observed in the PVN, both in neuronal and vascular profiles. Cyclic GMP immunoreactivity was significantly higher in magnocellular compared to preautonomic neuronal populations. In preautonomic neurons, the level of cGMP expression was independent on their subnuclei location, innervated target or neurochemical phenotype. The data presented in this chapter indicates a highly heterogeneous distribution of basal cGMP levels within the PVN, and supports work by others indicating that constitutive NO inhibitory actions on preautonomic PVN neurons are likely mediated indirectly through activation of interneurons. Summary Together, these studies comprise a detailed analysis of the neuroanatomical expression of NO and its signalling molecule cGMP in key central autonomic regions involved in the regulation of blood pressure. Under resting or basal conditions, the studies demonstrate notable differences in the expression of NO synthesising enzymes between normotensive and hypertensive animals, and correlating changes in the downstream signalling molecule cGMP. In the spinal cord, novel functional differences in cGMP activity were also demonstrated. In the RVLM, although differences in nNOS were demonstrated, cGMP expression could not be readily detected in either the WKY or SHR, while in contrast within the PVN, cGMP was detected in both magnocellular and parvocellular neuronal populations. Conclusion This thesis gives insight into the physiological role of NO and cGMP as mediators of central blood pressure control. The results presented indicate that the NO-cGMP dependent signalling pathway may not be the dominant driver responsible for maintaining high blood pressure in the SHR model of essential hypertension, and that there is no globally consistent pattern of expression, and indeed the role of NO as a mediator of pressor and depressor function may vary between the autonomic regions examined. Further, it is possible that this pathway is only recruited during activation of reflex homeostatic pathways or during times of marked physiological stress, and that the differences we see in basal expression between the normotensive and SHR animals are instead a result of compensatory mechanisms.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2001. / "December 2001." Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-113). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.Sc.). / Written for the Dept. of Experimental Medicine. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/05/14). Includes bibliographical references.

Zugl.: Berlin, Charité, Univ.-Med., Diss. / Hergestellt on demand

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá různými oblastmi podnikové certifikace. V teoretické části popisuje druhy auditu, normy jakosti ISO, systém správné výrobní praxe GMP a systém kritických bodů HACCP. V praktické části se zabývá přípravou konkrétně vybraného podniku z praxe, společnosti Fit logistics s.r.o., Hradec Králové, na přijetí těchto norem, certifikaci v těchto oblastech a následné audity. Závěr je věnován porovnání externího auditu, systému řízení jakosti ISO a systému potravinářských norem GMP společně s HACCP v osmi stanovených kritériích, které představují základní charakteristiky těchto certifikací.

This thesis is about parallel programming. In the first part of the thesis is compared speed of functions modular exponentiation from various C/C++ libraries for CPU. In the second part is transformed the LibTomMath library from CPU to GPU CUDA technology. For devices CPU and GPU is compared speed of processing the operation of modular exponentiation from modified library. In conclusion are created two applications “Client –Server” for computing the revocation function of the protocol HM12.

Bevor ein zellbasiertes GTMP erstmalig beim Menschen angewendet werden kann, müssen verschiedene notwendige nicht-klinische Studien durchgeführt werden. Wichtig ist hier u.a. die Untersuchung der Biodistribution im Tiermodel. Diese umfasst die Verteilung, das Engraftment, die Persistenz, die Eliminierung und gegebenenfalls die Expansion der humanen Zellen in verschiedenen Organen, meistens im Mausmodel. Deshalb wurde eine qPCR-basierte Analysenmethode entwickelt, mit der humane genomische DNA innerhalb von muriner genomischer DNA bestimmt werden kann, und entsprechend den regulatorischen Richtlinien der European Medicines Agency und des International Council for Harmonisation validiert. Anschließend wurde diese Methode innerhalb einer präklinischen worst-case Szenario Biodistributionsstudie angewendet. Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Untersuchung des Biodistributionsprofils von genetisch modifizierten Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cells von Hämophilie A Patienten 24 Stunden und sieben Tage nach intravenöser Applikation einer Dosis von 2x106 Zellen. Die Isolation, genetische Modifikation und die Expansion der Zellen sollte entsprechend den Richtlinien der Guten Herstellungspraxis durchgeführt werden. Hierbei ist die Auswahl und Anwendung geeigneter und essentieller Rohstoffe wichtig. Gleichermaßen ist die Durchführung einer definierten Qualitätskontrollstrategie notwendig und die Patientenzellen sollten nur innerhalb von nicht-klinischen Studien eingesetzt werden, wenn alle Akzeptanzkriterien erfüllt wurden. Die Validierung der qPCR-Methode zeigte eine hohe Genauigkeit, Präzision und Linearität innerhalb des Konzentrationsintervalls von 1:1x103 bis 1:1x106 humanen zu murinen Genomen. Bei Anwendung dieser Methode für die Biodistributionsstudie konnten nach 24 Stunden humane Genome in vier der acht untersuchten Mausorgane bestimmt werden. Nach sieben Tagen konnten in keinem der acht Organe humane Genome nachgewiesen werden... / The mandatory non-clinical study scheme prior to the first administration of a cell-based gene therapy medicinal product (GTMP) to human subjects includes and requires investigation of the biodistribution, comprising mobilization, persistence, and clearance, of the GTMP in a relevant animal model. Therefore, a qPCR-based method to determine the amount of human DNA in mouse DNA was developed and validated according to the guidelines of the European Medicines Agency and the International Council for Harmonisation. Furthermore, a preclinical worst-case scenario study was performed, in which this method was applied to investigate the biodistribution of 2x106 intravenously administered, genetically modified blood outgrowth endothelial cells from hemophilia A patients after 24 hours and seven days. The isolation, genetic modification and expansion of cells should be performed according to the guidelines on Good Manufacturing Practice. Here, the selection and application of appropriate and necessary raw materials is important. Likewise, the performance of a defined quality control program is mandatory and cells should only be applied within non-clinical studies if they passed all acceptance criteria. The validation of the qPCR method demonstrated high accuracy, precision, and linearity for the concentration interval of 1:1x103 to 1:1x106 human to mouse genomes. The application of this method in the biodistribution study resulted in the detection of human genomes in four out of the eight investigated organs after 24 hours. After seven days, no human DNA was detected in the eight organs analyzed. This biodistribution study provides mandatory data on the toxicokinetic safety profile of an actual cell-based medicinal product candidate. This is a prerequisite for designing and performing the subsequent toxicity studies necessary to ensure patient safety and permit moving the medicinal product towards a first-in-human clinical trial.

Proteínas sinalizadoras membranares são amplamente usadas por bactérias para adequar seu metabolismo a estímulos ambientais. Elas possuem ainda um grande potencial de aplicação, como em técnicas para controle de infecções e o desenvolvimento de ferramentas biotecnológicas, como biossensores. Entretanto, pouco é conhecido sobre os mecanismos estruturais de transdução bacterianos. Em particular, pouco é descrito sobre proteínas sinalizadoras que possuem os domínios GGDEF e/ou EAL, responsáveis por desencadear a síntese, degradação ou captação da molécula c-di-GMP, um dos principais reguladores do metabolismo bacteriano. Por isso, esse estudo objetivou a caracterização de duas proteínas sinalizadoras transmembrana de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, codificadas nos genes PA0847 e PA3343 (HsbD), além de trazer análises por bioinformática de proteínas com domínios GGDEF e EAL consecutivos, comumente associados a membrana celular. É relatado que PA0847 e HsbD são ambas diguanilato ciclases (DGC), que impactam consideravelmente em fenótipos de P. aeruginosa, patógeno modelo de estudo e que infecta pacientes imunocomprometidos. Além disso, um estudo anterior mostrou a interação entre a porção citoplasmática de PA0847 e a região N-terminal de HsbD (HsbD-Nt), pela técnica de duplo híbrido. Nesse estudo, é mostrado que essa interação, associada à presença de um padrão conservado em HsbD-Nt, sugere a presença um sistema de controle específico de c-di-GMP. Ensaios in vitro de pulldown, termoforese e duplo híbrido, utilizando domínios isolados de PA0847, confirmaram a interação com HsbD-Nt e mostraram que a interação é dependente de todos os domínios de PA0847. Análises de massa molecular e de cinética enzimática mostraram que o HAMP eleva a atividade DGC e promove a formação de tetrâmeros. A presença de um transportador de sulfato compartilhando um operon com PA0847, associado a modelos computacionais da região periplasmática de PA0847, suportam o envolvimento de PA0847 na homeostase desse íon. Nesse estudo foram ainda identificados, por meio de análises de sequências, novos potenciais grupos de resíduos que estariam envolvidos na regulação de proteínas GGDEF-EAL. Análises adicionais de sequências e de estruturas indicaram também um mecanismo de dimerização alternativo para EALs, quando a região de dimerização está ausente. Estes resultados são inéditos e fornecem passos para uma melhor compreensão da sinalização bacteriana intermediada pelo c-di-GMP. / Membrane signaling protein are widely used by bacteria to adequate their metabolism of environmental cues. They present a great potential of applicability, such as techniques to control bacterial infections and development of biotecnological devices, for example in biosensors. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms of signal transduction in bacteria. In particular, about receptors that posses GGDEF and/or EAL domains, performing synthesis, degradation or recognition of c-di-GMP, which is one of the major bacteria metabolism regulators. For this reason, the present study aimed characterize two important transmembrane signaling proteins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coded in genes PA0847 and PA3343 (HsbD) and performed bioinformatic analysis of proteins with GGDEF and EAL in tandem, usually associated with membrane. Previous studies indicated that PA0847 and HsbD are both diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) that significantly impair phenotypes of P. aeruginosa, which is a model organism and common cause of infection in immunocompromised patients. In the present study we have shown that this interaction associated with the presence of a wellconserved pattern from HsbD-Nt, suggests the presence a system used for specific downregulation of c-di-GMP. Furthermore, using isolated domains of PA0847 in thermophoresis, pull down and two-hybrid confirmed the interaction and showed that the full PA0847 cytoplasmic is necessary to interaction with HsbD. Additional amalysis of molecular mass and enzyme kinetic showed that HAMP increases DGC activity, alters the co-purification patern of c-di-GMP and promotes tetramers formation in PA0847 soluble constructs. The presence of sulfate transporter in a common operon with PA0847, associated with computation model of periplasmatic region of PA0847 supports the relation of this protein in sulfate homeostasis. We also identified using new residues groups copled that are potential play roles in GGDEF-EAL proteins. We found by stuctural analisys alternative mechanisms of dimerization in EAL domais that do not posses dimerization site conserved. These results have not been presented elsewhere and provide insights into the bacterial signaling of c-di-GMP pathways.