Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Pós-Graduação em Geociências Aplicadas, 2018. / A Província Alcalina de Goiás (GAP) é uma das maiores províncias kamafugíticas no mundo. A porção sul da GAP é composta em sua maioria por depósitos piroclásticos e lavas utrapotássicas, ocorrendo carbonatitos localmente, e a porção central consiste principalmente de diatremas kamafugíticos. A porção norte da GAP possui predominantemente complexos intrusivos alcalinos ultramáficos a máfico-intermediários, com mineralização de níquel laterítico associada. O Complexo alcalino carbonatítico Morro Preto, localizado na porção norte da GAP, é uma exceção na região, devido à associação carbonatito-kamafugito e devido à mineralização de fosfato associada. O complexo se caracteriza por duas intrusões subcirculares (Morro Preto Norte e Morro Preto Sul) de magnetita apatita magnesiocarbonatitos evoluindo para ankerita ferrocarbonatitos ricos em bário, e ferrocabonatitos tardios contendo siderita. A série carbonatítica fenitiza as rochas hospedeiras do Pré-cambriano, atingindo um halo metassomático de aproximadamente 800m em superfície. A mineralização de fosfato hospeda-se nas rochas magnetita apatita magnesiocarbonatitos. Essas rochas variam em textura e composição modal: se apresentando desde cumulados ricos em apatita e magnetita, a até rochas com textura de fluxo magmático e com proporções menores de magnetita e apatita. A apatita é rara a ausente nos ferrocarbonatitos, sendo Fe-dolomita e ankerita os principais carbonatos. Siderita pode estar presente nas feições mais tardias, além de traço de monazita e carbonatos da série Magnesitasiderita. Dados geológicos, geoquímicos e de química mineral são consistentes com a evolução dos magnesiocarbonatitos para ferrocarbonatitos, evidenciando processos de evolução por cristalização fracionada, imiscibilidade de líquidos, metassomatismo e eventos hidrotermais tardios. As rochas silicáticas do complexo são diques de kamafugito e raras ocorrências de diques alcalinos félsicos e basalto alcalino, sendo que esse último litotipo não apresenta uma relação clara com a série carbonatítica do complexo. Os diques alcalinos de composição félsica possuem microcristais de K-feldspato em uma matriz afanítica, dominado por carbonato e argilominerais. Apesar de feições magmáticas reliquiares, essas rochas estão intensamente fenitizadas, e parte da fábrica mineral encontrada pode ser um produto de metassomatismo potássico. Os kamafugitos representam as rochas mais primitivas do Complexo Morro Preto. Abrangem um intervalo composicional típico dos mafuritos descritos na GAP, indicando a natureza relativamente diferenciada desses diques em comparação com katungitos e com os picritos alcalinos que representam o magma parental da maioria dos complexos alcalinos ultramáficos do norte da GAP. Os kamafugitos de Morro Preto contêm glóbulos de carbonato, corroborando a hipótese de imiscibilidade entre líquido silicático e carbonatítico durante a formação do complexo, e indicando que representam o magma parental tanto das rochas silicáticas mais diferenciadas quanto das rochas da série carbonatítica. O clinopiroxênio dos kamafugitos do Complexo Morro Preto tem composição química comparável à do piroxênio de bebedouritos de complexos alcalinos (e.g. Salitre) da Província do Alto Paranaíba (APIP) e do piroxênio em xenólitos de bebedourito em kamafugitos, tanto em Morro Preto quanto na Mata da Corda, na Província do Alto Paranaíba (APIP). Esta similaridade fornece evidências adicionais da associação kamafugito-carbonatito na GAP, e reforça as semelhanças petrogenéticas entre as duas províncias alcalinas. Considerando que a APIP hospeda um número considerável de complexos intrusivos, alcalinos carbonatíticos, contendo mineralização de P-Nb-REE(-Ti-Ba-Fe-U), recomenda-se trabalhos exploratórios na GAP com o foco na identificação de complexos alcalinos carbonatíticos não aflorantes, utilizando a afinidade metalogenética do Complexo Morro Preto e a mineralização de fosfato associada como um guia exploratório. / The Late-Cretaceous Goiás Alkaline Province (GAP) is one of the largest kamafugite provinces in the world. It is dominated in its southern portion by ultrapotassic lavas and pyroclastic deposits, locally containing carbonatites, and in the central portion by kamafugitic diatremes. The northern portion of GAP consists of ultramafic to mafic/intermediate, plagioclase-bearing alkaline rocks and host mostly Ni laterite mineralization. The Morro Preto Alkaline-Carbonatite Complex in northern GAP is an exception, in that it is characterized by an intrusive carbonatite-kamafugite association and contains significant phosphate mineralization. It comprises two circular intrusions (Morro Preto North and Morro Preto South) of magnetite apatite magnesiocarbonatites, which host phosphate mineralization, and gradually differentiate to barium-rich ferrocarbonatites, some containing carbonates of the magnesite-siderite series. Both carbonatite intrusions fenitized the Precambrian host rocks, the metasomatic halo reaching up to 800m. The phosphate-mineralized magnetite apatite magnesiocarbonatites vary in texture and modal composition from magnetiteapatite cumulates (pseudophoscorites) to magnesiocarbonatites with only small amounts of magnetite and apatite. In the Ba-rich ferrocarbonatites, apatite is rare or absent, and the dominant carbonate varies from Fe-dolomite to ankerite and siderite. Carbonates of the magnesite-siderite series and traces of monazite and REE-carbonates are also present in the most evolved rocks. Geological, geochemical and mineral chemistry data are consistent with the evolution of the Morro Preto Complex from the magnesiocarbonatites to ferrocarbonatites by crystal fractionation, liquid immiscibility, metasomatic overprinting and late hydrothermal events. The silicate rocks in the complex are kamafugite dykes, felsic dykes and rare alkaline basalts. Due to their minor expression in the complex, the relation of alkaline basalts to the carbonatites remains unclear. The felsic dykes have K-feldspar microphenocrysts in an aphanitic groundmass dominated by carbonate and secondary clay minerals. Despite the remnants of magmatic textures, these rocks are strongly fenitized and might be the product of the potassic fenitization overprinting the complex. Kamafugites represent the most primitive rock type in the Morro Preto complex. They have a compositional range similar to the GAP mafurites, indicating their relatively evolved position in the kamafugitic series, and distinguishing them from the regional MgO-rich alkaline picrites that are the parental magmas to most northern GAP alkaline complexes. Carbonate globules in the Morro Preto kamafugites are consistent with silicate-carbonate liquid immiscibility, suggesting that the kamafugites are the parental magmas both to the more evolved silicate rocks and to the Morro Preto carbonatite series. The chemical composition of clinopyroxene in the Morro Preto kamafugites is comparable with (i) bebedourite xenoliths from the Morro Preto kamafugites, (ii) bebedourite xenoliths from the Alto Paranaíba Province (APIP) kamafugites (Mata da Corda), and (iii) bebedourites occurring in alkaline-carbonatite complexes (Salitre) from the APIP. This provides an additional evidence for the carbonatite-kamafugite association in the GAP, and an indicative of petrogenetic similarities between both alkaline provinces. Considering that the APIP contains a number of carbonatite-bearing plutonic complexes hosting large P-Nb-REE(-Ti-Ba- Fe-U) deposits, additional exploration work directed toward the identification of yet undiscovered carbonatite complexes in the GAP should take into account the characteristics of the Morro Preto phosphate mineralization and, consequently, abroader metallogenetic affinity.

by Horace Wai-Kit, Chan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-112). / Acknowledgement --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Overview --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objective --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of This Thesis --- p.3 / Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Definitions --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Theoretical Definition of Solving a Game --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Definition of Computer Go --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- State of the Art of Computer Go --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3 --- A Framework for Computer Go --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Evaluation Function --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Plausible Move Generator --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4 --- Problems Tackled in this Research --- p.14 / Chapter 3 --- Application of TD in Game Playing --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2 --- Reinforcement Learning and TD Learning --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Models of Learning --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Temporal Difference Learning --- p.16 / Chapter 3.3 --- TD Learning and Game-playing --- p.20 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Game-Playing as a Delay-reward Prediction Problem --- p.20 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Previous Work of TD Learning in Backgammon --- p.20 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Previous Works of TD Learning in Go --- p.22 / Chapter 3.4 --- Design of this Research --- p.23 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Limitations in the Previous Researches --- p.24 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Motivation --- p.25 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Objective and Methodology --- p.26 / Chapter 4 --- Deriving a New Updating Rule to Apply TD Learning in Multi-layer Perceptron --- p.28 / Chapter 4.1 --- Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) --- p.28 / Chapter 4.2 --- Derivation of TD(A) Learning Rule for MLP --- p.31 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Notations --- p.31 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- A New Generalized Delta Rule --- p.31 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Updating rule for TD(A) Learning --- p.34 / Chapter 4.3 --- Algorithm of Training MLP using TD(A) --- p.35 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Definitions of Variables in the Algorithm --- p.35 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Training Algorithm --- p.36 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Description of the Algorithm --- p.39 / Chapter 5 --- Experiments --- p.41 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.41 / Chapter 5.2 --- Experiment 1 : Training Evaluation Function for 7 x 7 Go Games by TD(λ) with Self-playing --- p.42 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.42 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- 7 x 7 Go --- p.42 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Experimental Designs --- p.43 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Performance Testing for Trained Networks --- p.44 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Results --- p.44 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- Discussions --- p.45 / Chapter 5.2.7 --- Limitations --- p.47 / Chapter 5.3 --- Experiment 2 : Training Evaluation Function for 9 x 9 Go Games by TD(λ) Learning from Human Games --- p.47 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.47 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- 9x 9 Go game --- p.48 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Training Data Preparation --- p.49 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Experimental Designs --- p.50 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- Results --- p.52 / Chapter 5.3.6 --- Discussion --- p.54 / Chapter 5.3.7 --- Limitations --- p.56 / Chapter 5.4 --- Experiment 3 : Life Status Determination in the Go Endgame --- p.57 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Introduction --- p.57 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Training Data Preparation --- p.58 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Experimental Designs --- p.60 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Results --- p.64 / Chapter 5.4.5 --- Discussion --- p.65 / Chapter 5.4.6 --- Limitations --- p.66 / Chapter 5.5 --- A Postulated Model --- p.66 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusions --- p.69 / Chapter 6.1 --- Future Direction of Research --- p.71 / Chapter A --- An Introduction to Go --- p.72 / Chapter A.l --- A Brief Introduction --- p.72 / Chapter A.1.1 --- What is Go? --- p.72 / Chapter A.1.2 --- History of Go --- p.72 / Chapter A.1.3 --- Equipment used in a Go game --- p.73 / Chapter A.2 --- Basic Rules in Go --- p.74 / Chapter A.2.1 --- A Go game --- p.74 / Chapter A.2.2 --- Liberty and Capture --- p.75 / Chapter A.2.3 --- Ko --- p.77 / Chapter A.2.4 --- "Eyes, Live and Death" --- p.81 / Chapter A.2.5 --- Seki --- p.83 / Chapter A.2.6 --- Endgame and Scoring --- p.83 / Chapter A.2.7 --- Rank and Handicap Games --- p.85 / Chapter A.3 --- Strategies and Tactics in Go --- p.87 / Chapter A.3.1 --- Strategy vs Tactics --- p.87 / Chapter A.3.2 --- Open-game --- p.88 / Chapter A.3.3 --- Middle-game --- p.91 / Chapter A.3.4 --- End-game --- p.92 / Chapter B --- Mathematical Model of Connectivity --- p.94 / Chapter B.1 --- Introduction --- p.94 / Chapter B.2 --- Basic Definitions --- p.94 / Chapter B.3 --- Adjacency and Connectivity --- p.96 / Chapter B.4 --- String and Link --- p.98 / Chapter B.4.1 --- String --- p.98 / Chapter B.4.2 --- Link --- p.98 / Chapter B.5 --- Liberty and Atari --- p.99 / Chapter B.5.1 --- Liberty --- p.99 / Chapter B.5.2 --- Atari --- p.101 / Chapter B.6 --- Ko --- p.101 / Chapter B.7 --- Prohibited Move --- p.104 / Chapter B.8 --- Path and Distance --- p.105 / Bibliography --- p.109

Os garimpos de esmeraldas de Santa Teresinha de Goiás estão situados no centro-oeste goiano, aproximadamente a 23 Km a nordeste da cidade de Santa Terezinha de Goiás. Regionalmente, nesses garimpos dintinguem-se três conjuntos tectônicos distintos: 1) uma seqüência de rochas de baixo grau metamórfico constituída de clorita xistos, talco xistos e biotita xistos, portadora da mineralização esmeraldífera; 2) uma associação gnáissico-anfibolítica a SE; 3) um conjunto granito-gnáissico cortado por um batólito granítico a NW. Através dos trabalhos de mapeamento geológico na área legal de garimpagem inserida no contexto regional anteriormente descrito, detectou-se a existência de dois conjuntos litológicos distintos, representados pelo complexo granito gnáissico e pela Seqüência Santa Terezinha, composta pelas litologias referidas. As descrições petrográficas referentes ao perfil de um poço de 117 m de profundidade revelaram que as rochas mineralizadas em esmeraldas são representadas por quartzo-carbonato-talco xistos (1) e biotita/flogopita xistos, ao passo que as rochas isentas de esmeraldas são compostas por biotita/flogopita-carbonato xistos (2), moscovita-clorita-carbonato-quartzo xistos e blastomilonitos. Essas litologias pertencem às rochas de baixo grau de Seqüência Santa Terezinha. Nas rochas pertencentes aos níveis mineralizados, a turmalina, o berilo (esmeralda) e os carbonatos exibem biaxialidade anômala, sugerindo que as encaixantes da esmeralda foram submetidas a esforços tectônicos após a formação da esmeralda. As esmeraldas de Santa Terezinha de Goiás caracterizam-se principalmente pela sua cor verde-intensa, por índices de refração com valores de \'n IND. \'delta\'\'= 1,580 - 1,597, \'n IND. \'ômega\'\'=1,586 - 1,599, birrefrigerância entre 0,001 e por uma densidade relativa variando de 2,673 a 1,774 com valores médios de 2,711. Análises de microssonda eletrônica nessas esmeraldas revelaram que entre os ) óxidos principais, o Si \'O IND. 2\' varia de 62,33 a 65,30%, o \'Al IND. 2\'\'O IND. 3\'de 12,05 a 13,13%, o MgO de 2,48 a 2,77% e o \'Na IND. 2\'O de 1,31 a 2,91% em peso, sendo que o BeO foi tomado como valor constante igual a 12,5%. Com relação aos cromóforos Cr e Fe, essas mesmas análises revelaram que nas esmeraldas há um teor de \'Cr IND. 2\'\'O IND. 3\' variando entre 0,08 e 1,34% havendo uma relação entre o aumento da cor e o número desse cromóforo. Por sua vez, o teor de FeO varia entre 1,23 e 2,60% em peso, havendo correlação com o aumento da intensidade de cor. Estudos ópticos, de difração de raios X e de microssonda eletrônica revelaram que a esmeralda de Santa Terezinha de Goiás contém uma grande variedade de inclusões cristalinas, destacando-se por ordem de abundância, a cromita, os carbonatos (dolomita e magnetita), o talco, a flogopita, a pirita, a patronita, o quartzo, a barita, o berilo e a ferropargasita. A cromita aparece em duas gerações composicionais distintas, as quais apresentam 2,0 e 10,0% de \'Al ind. 2\'\'O IND. 3\', respectivamente. Os carbonatos (dolomita e magnetita) exibem zoneamento químico com núcleos contendo aproximadamente 1,6% de FeO e bordas com 8,5% de FeO. As inclusões fluidas constituem uma feição notável dessa esmeralda, especialmente quando observadas sob aumentos maiores, podendo-se afirmar que estão presentes praticamente em todos os espécimes estudados. Essas inclusões possuem uma, duas ou três fases distintas, mostrando uma grande variedade de formas e uma certa variação nos conteúdos presentes nas cavidades. Com base nos dados obtidos nos trabalhos de campo e de laboratório, foi possível compreender alguns dos inúmeros problemas inerentes à gênese da jazida de Santa Terezinha de Goiás. Entretanto permanece ainda como uma questão controvertida a fonte do berilo nessa jazida, havendo possibilidade da mesma não ser pegmatítica, como na maioria dos depósitos ) brasileiros e estrangeiros. Tudo indica que ela pode estar relacionada a uma remobilização durante o metamorfismo de alto grau que afetou a região durante o Proterozóico Médio no Ciclo Uruaçuano. A referida fonte pode estar também ligada a soluções provenientes do granito São José do Alegre, localizada a 5 Km dos garimpos, ou ainda a derrames ácidos ligados à Seqüência Greenstone Belt de Crixás-Guarinos-Hidrolina-Pilar de Goiás. Os elementos cromóforos são derivados de rochas metaultramáficas do tipo talco xistos e biotititos existentes nos garimpos. Comrelação aos controles dos depósitos, dois fatores básicos controlaram a mineralização de esmeralda em Santa Terezinha de Goiás: um de caráter estrutural e o outro de caráter litológico. o controle estrutural é representado por dobras em monoclinais, sendo o controle litológico, por sua vez, representado por camadas de talco xistos e lentes de biotititos. Os garimpos de Santa Terezinha de Goiás constituem a mais importante área de produção de esmeralda na atualidade, suplantando a produção das minas famosas de Muzo, Cosquez e Chivor, na Colômbia. Apesar das dificuldades de controle da produção, cálculos efetuados na boca da mina indicam que o montante de esmeralda garimpado representa um valor aproximado de 2 bilhões de dólares/ano. / The emerald garimpos (prospects) of Santa Terezinha de Goiás are located in the west-central part of the state of Goiás, about 23 km to the northeast of the town of Santa Terezinha. The garimpos of this region constitute the most important active production area for emeralds in Brazil-current production surpasses that of the famous Colombian mines, and is estimated to be in the range of US$ 2 billion per year. Regionally, three distinct tectonic terranes can be distinguished: 1) a sequence of low metamorphic grade rocks, composed of chlorite-schist, talc-schist and biotite-schist, in which the emeralds occur; 2) a gneissic-anphibolite terrane (which lies to the southwest of the emerald-bearing schist) and 3) a granitic batholith which intrudes a sequences of gneissic rocks located northwest the emerald-bearing schist terrane. The geological mapping of the area legal de garimpagem (legal zone where prospecting is allowed by a federal law), within the above region proved the existence of two lithologically distinct groups, represented by the gneissic-granite complex and by the Santa Terezinha sequence, composed by the lithologies referred to above. Petrographical descriptions of rocks exposed in a 117 deep shaft, show that within the schist terrane emerald mineralized rocks are, more specifically, quartz-carbonate-talc schists (1) and biotite/phlogopite schists, while the no emerald-bearing rocks are biotite/phlogopite-carbonate schists with a little quartz, the quartz-carbonate-talc schists (2), muscovitechlorite-carbonate-quartz schists and blastomylonites. In the rocks belonging to the mineralized levels, tourmaline, beryl (emerald) and carbonates have anomalous biaxiality, when viewed in thin section, suggesting that the host rocks of emerald were subjected to tectonic deformation after emerald formation. The emeralds of Santa Terezinha de Goiás are characterized by their intense green color, by refractive indices with the values \'n IND.delta\' = 1.580 - 1.597, \'n IND.ômega\' = 1.586 - 1.599 birefringence between 0.001 and 0.010 and by specific gravity which varies from 2,673 to 2.774 with average values of 2.711. Scanning microprobe analyses in these emeralds have shown that, among the main oxides, the weight percent of Si02 varies between 62.33 and 65.30% , the Al2O3 between 12.05 and 13.13%, the MgO between 2.48 and 2.77%, and the Na2O between 1.31 and 2.91%. The amount of Cr2O3 varies between 0.08 and 1.34%: an increase Cr2O3 corresponds to an increase in intensity of the green color of the emeralds. The weight percent of FeO varies from 1.23 to 2.66%; there is no correlatíon between FeO concentration and color. Optical, X-ray diffraction and scanning microprobe analyses have shown that the emeralds from Santa Terezinha de Goiás contains a large variety of crystalline inclusions such as chromite, carbonates (dolomite and magnesite), talc, phlogopite, pyrite, patronite, quartz, barite, beryl and ferropargasite. There are two compositionally distinct chromite generations, having 2.0 and 10.0% of Al2O3, respectively. The carbonates (dolomite and magnesite) display chemical zoning with cores containing approximately 1.6% FeO and edges with 8.5% FeO. Fluid inclusions are present in almost all samples studied. They have one, two or three distinct phases. Fluid inclusions have variety of shapes. Based on the data obtained in field and lab work, it was possible to understand some of the various problems typical of the origin of the Santa Terezinha de Goiás deposit. However, the source of beryllium in this deposit is highly controversial. In contrast to the great majority of Brazilian and world emerald deposit, the emeralds of this region are not associated with a pegmatite berylliurn source. The beryllium may have been added to the rock during high grade metamorphism which affected the region during the Mid Proterozoic in the Uruaçuano Period. Another source of beryllium may be solutions derived from the São José do Alegre granite, located 5 km from the garimpos, and another possible source might be acid flows within to the greenstone belt sequence of Crixás-Guarinos-Hidrolina-Pilar de Goiás. The elements that cause the color of the emerald come from metaultramafic rocks as the talc-schists and biotitites present in the garimpos. Two basic factors controlled the mineralization of emerald in Santa Terezinha de Goiás. The location of emerald is structurally controled (they occur in hinge areas of monoclinic folds) and is lithologically controled (they occur only in talc schists and in lenses of biotitite).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:25:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elza oliveira.pdf: 753681 bytes, checksum: b12ca4a1fefab138edf7c4c7c94c0724 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-31 / This research aims to promote reflection on the distortion of the gospel music of the Pentecostal movement in Goiania. For this purpose, will discuss the interaction between music and Radio Paz FM 89.5, considering the impact of globalization and, more specifically, the cultural industry in the expansion of the musical style known today as gospel. This study also examines the integration and the similarity of the Gospel song with the music called pop, that is developed out of religious grounds, pointing out similarities in the instrumentation, arrangements, musical, performances, radio broadcasting, television and public reception. The systematization of the research occurs in three chapters, each one makes a specific approach, based on the methods of critical by Imbert: historic and sociologist as well as the considerations of Guy Debord, in relation to the show. The observation with regard to Radio Paz FM 89.5 lasted twenty months. The theoretical framework was constructed from the results of responses obtained in interviews. The first chapter is focused on the historical field, addressing the development of religious music in the Old and New Testament Bible, the establishment of the Church in the Middle Ages and the religious reforms according to Grout Palisca, Collins Price and Stamps. The second chapter explores the Gospel, from its origins to the present time based on the reflections of Friendland, Baggio, Muggiati and Calado. The first part of the third chapter discusses the musicality of religion in Brazil and in Goiás , more specifically the history of Pentecostalism and the musical development of this segment supported by the authors of the social sphere: Mariano, Freston and Weber. Achieving the goals of this research, the second part presents Radio Paz FM 89.5, relating to the current context, called postmodern, based on various researchers - Featherstone, Lyotard, Harvey and others - within the globalization process, including the issue of globalization, the spectacle and consumption. Conclude that Gospel music is the great current phenomenon. You can ensure that this research represents only the beginning of the study of this phenomenon that tends to arouse more and more the interest of religious communities, evangelical or not. / A presente pesquisa objetiva promover uma reflexão sobre a descaracterização da música evangélica do movimento pentecostal em Goiânia. Para tanto, será discutido o processo de interação entre a música e a Rádio Paz FM 89,5, considerando o impacto da Globalização e, mais especificamente, a Indústria Cultural na expansão do estilo musical conhecido atualmente como gospel. Esse estudo analisa ainda a integração e a similaridade da canção gospel com a música denominada pop, esta que é desenvolvida fora dos recintos religiosos, apontando semelhanças quanto à instrumentação, arranjos musicais, performances, difusão radiofônica, televisiva e recepção pública. A sistematização da pesquisa ocorre em três capítulos, sendo que cada um perfaz uma abordagem específica, com base nos métodos de crítica de Imbert: histórico e sociológico e também nas considerações de Guy Debord, no que se refere ao espetáculo. A observação no que diz respeito à Rádio Paz FM 89,5 teve a duração de vinte meses. A fundamentação teórica foi construída a partir dos resultados das respostas obtidas nas entrevistas. O primeiro capítulo está voltado ao campo histórico, abordando o desenvolvimento da música religiosa no Antigo e Novo Testamento bíblico, o estabelecimento da Igreja na Idade Média e as reformas religiosas conforme Grout Palisca, Collins Price e Stamps. O segundo capítulo explora o Gospel, desde a sua origem até a contemporaneidade, com base nas reflexões de Friendlander, Baggio, Muggiati e Calado. A primeira parte do terceiro capítulo aborda a musicalidade religiosa no Brasil e em Goiás, mais especificamente a trajetória do pentecostalismo e o desenvolvimento musical deste segmento apoiados nos autores da esfera social: Mariano, Freston e Weber. Atingindo os objetivos desta pesquisa, a segunda parte apresenta a Rádio Paz FM 89,5, relacionando-a ao contexto atual, denominado pós-moderno, baseado em vários pesquisadores - Featherstone, Lyotard, Harvey e outros - dentro do processo de globalização, abrangendo a questão da globalização, o espetáculo e consumo. Conclui-se que a música gospel é o grande fenômeno atual. Pode-se assegurar que essa pesquisa representa apenas o início do estudo desse fenômeno que tende a despertar cada vez mais o interesse das comunidades religiosas, evangélicas ou não.

The classification of late medieval literary cycles according to localised subject matter, such as the 'Matter of France', the 'Matter of Britain' and the 'Matter of Rome', has proven to be an enduring one in modern scholarship. This model has also been applied to Old Norse saga literature, particularly the fornaldarsögur, within which the 'Matter of Hrafnista' and the 'Matter of Gautland' have been identified as prominent examples. The latter cycle consists of Gautreks saga, Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar and Bósa saga ok Herrauðs, all of whose heroes are descended from and primarily based in Gautland (modern-day Götaland in central-southern Sweden). This cycle has not been explored in any great depth, to the same extent that other 'Matters' have been, and it is therefore the primary focus of this dissertation. The dissertation begins with a brief overview of previous scholarship on the ancient and medieval Götar and Götaland. This subject has long been of interest to scholars, not least because of the common identification of the Götar with the Geatas mentioned in Old English poetry, most notably Beowulf, but the matter is made notoriously problematic by sparse and sometimes unreliable evidence. Following this overview, introduction is made to Michel Foucault's theory of the heterotopia, a spatial framework which has only begun to be applied to Old Norse literature within the last decade. Indeed, this dissertation marks the first time that Foucault's heterotopia has been used as the theoretical framework for an extensive analysis of any Old Norse texts. An important contention of this dissertation is that the depictions of Gautland in Old Norse literature collectively fulfil Foucault's six criteria of the heterotopia, and furthermore that Gautland can productively be considered a literary heterotopia. Accordingly, after establishing the theoretical framework, I explore the main patterns of conceptualisation found in the depictions of Gautland across the main genres of Old Norse literature. The purpose of this survey is to provide context for a closer analysis of the construction of Gautland in the three 'Matter of Gautland' fornaldarsögur. Because these three sagas involve Gautish heroes and, accordingly, feature Gautland as an important space, they inevitably reflect a significant depth of conceptualisation of the region, and the rest of this dissertation employs the heterotopic framework to illuminate the ways in which this conceptualisation is manifested. Each of the three 'Matter of Gautland' sagas is analysed in turn, and certain aspects of the construction of Gautland, which happen to correspond strongly to individual principles of Foucault's heterotopia, are identified as common to all three. All three sagas deploy allusions to prominent traditions associated with Gautland, especially to the celebrated Brávellir and Ragnarr loðbrók legends, the effect of which is to imbue the Gautland of each saga with legendary veracity. All three sagas also construct Gautland within their own system of relational geopolitical space, although these constructions are manifested differently in each saga. Indeed, as well as common aspects, each saga also naturally contains many points of idiosyncratic distinction and nuance in their construction of Gautland as well. Both Gautreks saga and Hrólfs saga are argued to reflect contemporary Icelandic anxieties through structural aspects of their depictions of Gautland, while Gautreks saga and, to a lesser extent, Bósa saga, display a fundamental and significant interest in the geographical landscape of Gautland. In their emphatic correspondence with each individual principle of Foucault's heterotopia, the collective perspectives of the three 'Matter of Gautland' sagas provide unique insight into the medieval Icelandic conceptualisation of Gautland as a literary space.

O poli(etileno-co-álcool vinílico) (EVOH) pertence à família de materiais poliméricos semicristalinos; é dotado de excelentes propriedades de barreira a gases e muito utilizado na fabricação de embalagens para alimentos e outros produtos sensíveis a certos níveis de oxigênio ou dióxido de carbono. Entretanto, o EVOH é muito higroscópico e em condições de alta umidade relativa perde a propriedade de altíssima barreira a oxigênio bem como as propriedades mecânicas. De acordo com literatura, a inclusão de cargas lamelares, como argila e óxido de grafeno, contribui para a melhora significativa das propriedades de barreira a gás e mecânicas do EVOH. Este trabalho estudou os efeitos da incorporação de nanofolhas de óxido de grafeno (GO) nas propriedades dos filmes de EVOH. O GO foi obtido pelo método de Hummer\'s modificado e posteriormente submetido à redução induzida por radiação ionizante. Foram incorporados 0,1- 0,3 % em peso de GO e GO reduzido (RGO) na matriz de EVOH via processo de extrusão, utilizando primeiramente uma extrusora dupla-rosca e após, uma mini extrusora balão de laboratório para a obtenção de filmes flexíveis de EVOH/GO e EVOH/RGO. Os filmes obtidos foram submetidos à radiação ionizante, em acelerador de elétrons de 1,5 MeV, com o objetivo de estudar a contribuição do tratamento por radiação ionizante, nas propriedades finais. As irradiações foram realizadas à temperatura ambiente, em ar, e faixa de dose de radiação 100-250 kGy. As amostras de GO e RGO foram caracterizadas por meio dos ensaios de difração de raios X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura com fonte de emissão de campo (MEV-FEG), microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), espectroscopia vibracional de absorção no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), espectrometria Raman e termogravimetria (TG). As amostras dos filmes irradiadas e não irradiadas foram caracterizadas por meio de ensaios mecânicos de tração, DRX, MEV-FEG, FTIR, TG, calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), taxa de permeabilidade ao oxigênio (TPO2) e espectroscopia de aniquilação de pósitrons (PALS). Os resultados dos ensaios das amostras de GO e RGO indicaram que o GO obtido pelo método de Hummer\'s modificado foi reduzido por irradiação de raios gama, como a redução dos grupos funcionais contendo oxigênio, grupos epóxi e carboxílicos. As imagens de MEV-FEG das amostras de RGO mostraram folhas separadas sem regiões dobradas e domínios agregados, já o GO apresentou uma superfície com rugosidade e empilhamento de folhas. Os filmes flexíveis de EVOH contendo GO (EVOH/GO) e RGO (EVOH/RGO) apresentaram boa dispersão do GO na matriz de EVOH. Os filmes preparados com RGO (EVOH/RGO) e submetidos à radiação ionizante apresentaram uma dispersão mais homogênea do RGO na matriz e maior adesão interfacial matriz/RGO, e, consequentemente, propriedades mecânicas superiores àquelas obtidas para os filmes de EVOH puro ou de EVOH/GO. / Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) belongs to the family of semicrystalline polymeric materials; is endowed with excellent gas barrier properties, it is much used in the research area for food packaging and other products sensitive to certain levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide. However, EVOH is very hygroscopic and the high flow conditions relative to the very high barrier property are oxygen as well as the mechanical properties. According to the literature, an inclusion of lamellar loads, such as clay and graphene oxide, contribute to the strengthening of the gas properties and the mechanical discharges of EVOH. This work was studied the addition graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets into EVOH properties. The GO was obtained by the modified Hummer\'s method and subsequently submitted to the reduction induced by ionizing radiation, 0.1-0.3 % by weight of GO and reduced GO (RGO) were incorporated into the EVOH matrix via the extrusion process, using firstly a double-screw extruder and then a mini-laboratory extruder for obtaining films EVOH / GO and EVOH / RGO. The obtained films were submitted to ionizing radiation, in an electron accelerator of 1,5 MeV, in order to study the contribution of the treatment by ionizing radiation, in the final properties. The irradiations were performed at room temperature in air, and radiation dose range 100-250 kGy. The GO and RGO samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with field emission source (SEM-FEG), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibration absorption spectroscopy in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectrometry and thermogravimetric (TG). The irradiated and non-irradiated films were characterized by mechanical tests, XRD, SEM-FEG, FTIR, TG, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), oxygen permeability rate (TPO2) and positron annihilation spectroscopy (PALS). Tests results of GO and RGO samples indicated that the GO obtained by the modified Hummer\'s method was reduced by gamma irradiation, such as the reduction of the oxygen-containing functional groups, epoxy groups and carboxylic groups. The SEM-FEG images of RGO samples showed separate leaves without folded regions and aggregate domains, whereas the GO showed a surface with roughness and stacking of leaves. EVOH flexible films containing GO (EVOH / GO) and RGO (EVOH / RGO) showed good dispersion of GO in the EVOH matrix. The films prepared with RGO (EVOH / RGO) and subjected to ionizing radiation presented a more homogeneous dispersion of RGO in the matrix and higher interfacial matrix / RGO adhesion, and, consequently, superior mechanical properties to those obtained for pure EVOH or EVOH/GO films.

Learning and planning are two fundamental problems in artificial intelligence. The learning problem can be tackled by reinforcement learning methods, such as temporal-difference learning, which update a value function from real experience, and use function approximation to generalise across states. The planning problem can be tackled by simulation-based search methods, such as Monte-Carlo tree search, which update a value function from simulated experience, but treat each state individually. We introduce a new method, temporal-difference search, that combines elements of both reinforcement learning and simulation-based search methods. In this new method the value function is updated from simulated experience, but it uses function approximation to efficiently generalise across states. We also introduce the Dyna-2 architecture, which combines temporal-difference learning with temporal-difference search. Whereas temporal-difference learning acquires general domain knowledge from its past experience, temporal-difference search acquires local knowledge that is specialised to the agent's current state, by simulating future experience. Dyna-2 combines both forms of knowledge together. We apply our algorithms to the game of 9x9 Go. Using temporal-difference learning, with a million binary features matching simple patterns of stones, and using no prior knowledge except the grid structure of the board, we learnt a fast and effective evaluation function. Using temporal-difference search with the same representation produced a dramatic improvement: without any explicit search tree, and with equivalent domain knowledge, it achieved better performance than a vanilla Monte-Carlo tree search. When combined together using the Dyna-2 architecture, our program outperformed all handcrafted, traditional search, and traditional machine learning programs on the 9x9 Computer Go Server. We also use our framework to extend the Monte-Carlo tree search algorithm. By forming a rapid generalisation over subtrees of the search space, and incorporating heuristic pattern knowledge that was learnt or handcrafted offline, we were able to significantly improve the performance of the Go program MoGo. Using these enhancements, MoGo became the first 9x9 Go program to achieve human master level.

Denna rapport innehåller en redogörelse för mitt examensarbete, Charlie åkerkarusell, som gjordes vid Carl Malmsten – Furniture Studies, LinköpingsUniversitet, våren 2012. I mitt arbete undersöker jag hur man kan serietillverkaen liten produkt med hjälp av mallar och fixturer anpassade för film och hur mandokumenterar processen med hjälp av film. Jag har tittat på olika filmer som rörämnet och olika typer av mallar för att sedan formge en liten figur vid namnCharlie, som serietillverkades i en serie av 30 stycken. Jag utförde några avmomenten i serietillverkningen med hjälp av en typ mall som jag konstruerade.Mallen, som jag valt att kalla för karusellmall, är inte den mest rationella men ärdäremot betydligt mer spännande och spektakulär än en traditionell mall. Därföranser jag att karusellmallen lämpar sig bättre för filmdokumentation. Jag haräven skapat en film som visar hur min produkt tillverkas med hjälp av minkarusellmall. / This thesis contains a description of my degree project, Charlie Rides the MerryGo Round, which was made at Carl Malmsten ‐ Furniture Studies, LinköpingUniversity in the spring of 2012. In my work I examine how to mass‐produce asmall product with new variations on templates and fixtures, and how todocument the process with film. I have looked at various films related to thetopic and various types of templates and then design a small figure namedCharlie that was produced in a series of 30 pieces. I carried out some of the stepsin the series production with the help of a type of template that I designed. Thetemplate, which I decided to call a merry go round template, is not the mostrational but is much more exciting and spectacular than a traditional template. Itherefore believe that the merry go round template is more suitable forfilmmaking. I have also created a film showing how my product is manufacturedwith the help of my merry go round template.

I denna rapport redogörs för en implementering av fusion mellan kortdistanssensorer. Syftet med denna implementering är att erhålla Stop & Go-funktionalitet till den adaptiva farthållaren som idag finns som tillval i Scanias lastbilar. Adaptiv farthållning, ACC, är en funktion som automatiskt anpassar fordonets hastighet ifall detta kommer ikapp ett annat fordon som färdas långsammare än den inställda hastigheten. Scanias system använder sig idag av en långdistanssensor som ser långt men har smalt synfält. Genom att komplettera denna med kortdistanssensorer, som ser kort men brett, kan önskvärt synfält i närområdet för att säkert kunna implementera Stop & Go-funktionen uppnås. Sensorfusion bygger på principen att två eller fler sensorer som ser samma sak ger en mer korrekt bild av verkligheten än en enskild. Fusionen kan genomföras på många olika sätt. I rapporten beskrivs tre metoder övergripligt; Bayesiska nätverk, auktionsalgoritmen samt Gating. I implementeringen används gatingmetoden. Initialt implementeras en målspårningsalgoritm med kalmanfilter. Efter uppdatering av sensormjukvaran väljs dock denna bort eftersom sensorernas interna målspårning då anses som tillräcklig. En modell med sensorfusionen och målselekteringen byggs i Simulink och programmeras sedan in i en hårdvaruenhet. Syftet med detta är att kunna utvärdera funktionen i ett prototypfordon. Inledningsvis rapporteras enbart korrelerade mål från modellen. För mer kontinuerlig målföljning, främst i kurvor, implementeras därefter en algoritm som även tar hänsyn till enskilda sensorers observationer. Dessa accpeteras dock först efter en viss valideringstid eftersom denna information har lägre konfidens än korrelerade mål. Provkörningar visar att målföljningen fungerar väl. En stor svårighet har varit att sålla bort stillastående mål från rörliga, främst i låga farter. Detta eftersom sensorernas hastighetsangivelse har låg precision vilket medför att ett stillastående mål kan rapporteras som ett långsamt rörligt. / In this thesis report an implementation of fusion between short range radars is described. The purpose of this implementation is to obtain Stop & Go functionality for the adaptive cruise control which is offered as an option in today’s Scania trucks. Adaptive cruise control, ACC, is a feature that automatically adapts the vehicle speed if it should catch up to another vehicle moving slower than the desired set speed. For this application Scania today use a long range sensor that has a long but narrow field of view. By complementing this sensor with short range sensors, which have short but wide fields of view, the desired field of view in the short range area can be obtained. This is necessary in order to be able to safely implement the Stop & Go functionality. Sensor fusion is based on the principle that two or more sensors overlooking the same area give a more accurate impression of reality than a single one. The fusion can be conducted in several ways. In the report three different methods are briefly described; Bayesian Networks, the Auction Algorithm and Gating. In the implementation the gating method is applied. Initially a target tracking algorithm using Kalman filter is implemented. However, after software updates in the short range sensors this algorithm is no longer used. This is because the improved tracking made internally by the sensors is considered to be sufficient, hence making an external tracking algorithm redundant. The sensor fusion and the target selection are implemented in a Simulink model which is later programmed into a hardware unit. The purpose of the latter is to be able to evaluate the functionality in a prototype vehicle. Initially, only associated targets are reported from the model. In order to obtain a more continuous target tracking, mainly while driving in curves, observations made only by single sensors are also considered. However, these measurements have lower level of confidence than the associated targets. Therefore these measurements first have to be validated for a certain period of time before they are approved. Test runs indicate that the target tracking works as intended. One major difficulty has been to separate stationary targets from slow moving ones, especially in low speeds. This is due to the fact that the sensors’ speed measurements are fairly inaccurate. Therefore a stationary target could be reported as a slow moving one.

<p>I denna rapport redogörs för en implementering av fusion mellan kortdistanssensorer. Syftet med denna implementering är att erhålla Stop & Go-funktionalitet till den adaptiva farthållaren som idag finns som tillval i Scanias lastbilar. Adaptiv farthållning, ACC, är en funktion som automatiskt anpassar fordonets hastighet ifall detta kommer ikapp ett annat fordon som färdas långsammare än den inställda hastigheten. Scanias system använder sig idag av en långdistanssensor som ser långt men har smalt synfält. Genom att komplettera denna med kortdistanssensorer, som ser kort men brett, kan önskvärt synfält i närområdet för att säkert kunna implementera Stop & Go-funktionen uppnås. Sensorfusion bygger på principen att två eller fler sensorer som ser samma sak ger en mer korrekt bild av verkligheten än en enskild. Fusionen kan genomföras på många olika sätt. I rapporten beskrivs tre metoder övergripligt; Bayesiska nätverk, auktionsalgoritmen samt Gating. I implementeringen används gatingmetoden.</p><p>Initialt implementeras en målspårningsalgoritm med kalmanfilter. Efter uppdatering av sensormjukvaran väljs dock denna bort eftersom sensorernas interna målspårning då anses som tillräcklig. En modell med sensorfusionen och målselekteringen byggs i Simulink och programmeras sedan in i en hårdvaruenhet. Syftet med detta är att kunna utvärdera funktionen i ett prototypfordon. Inledningsvis rapporteras enbart korrelerade mål från modellen. För mer kontinuerlig målföljning, främst i kurvor, implementeras därefter en algoritm som även tar hänsyn till enskilda sensorers observationer. Dessa accpeteras dock först efter en viss valideringstid eftersom denna information har lägre konfidens än korrelerade mål.</p><p>Provkörningar visar att målföljningen fungerar väl. En stor svårighet har varit att sålla bort stillastående mål från rörliga, främst i låga farter. Detta eftersom sensorernas hastighetsangivelse har låg precision vilket medför att ett stillastående mål kan rapporteras som ett långsamt rörligt.</p> / <p>In this thesis report an implementation of fusion between short range radars is described. The purpose of this implementation is to obtain Stop & Go functionality for the adaptive cruise control which is offered as an option in today’s Scania trucks. Adaptive cruise control, ACC, is a feature that automatically adapts the vehicle speed if it should catch up to another vehicle moving slower than the desired set speed. For this application Scania today use a long range sensor that has a long but narrow field of view. By complementing this sensor with short range sensors, which have short but wide fields of view, the desired field of view in the short range area can be obtained. This is necessary in order to be able to safely implement the Stop & Go functionality. Sensor fusion is based on the principle that two or more sensors overlooking the same area give a more accurate impression of reality than a single one. The fusion can be conducted in several ways. In the report three different methods are briefly described; Bayesian Networks, the Auction Algorithm and Gating. In the implementation the gating method is applied.</p><p>Initially a target tracking algorithm using Kalman filter is implemented. However, after software updates in the short range sensors this algorithm is no longer used. This is because the improved tracking made internally by the sensors is considered to be sufficient, hence making an external tracking algorithm redundant. The sensor fusion and the target selection are implemented in a Simulink model which is later programmed into a hardware unit. The purpose of the latter is to be able to evaluate the functionality in a prototype vehicle. Initially, only associated targets are reported from the model. In order to obtain a more continuous target tracking, mainly while driving in curves, observations made only by single sensors are also considered. However, these measurements have lower level of confidence than the associated targets. Therefore these measurements first have to be validated for a certain period of time before they are approved.</p><p>Test runs indicate that the target tracking works as intended. One major difficulty has been to separate stationary targets from slow moving ones, especially in low speeds. This is due to the fact that the sensors’ speed measurements are fairly inaccurate. Therefore a stationary target could be reported as a slow moving one.</p>