Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RitaCC_DISSERT.pdf: 2507687 bytes, checksum: 4eeca6582506786804976f0255257b80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The aerial activities, leaps and slaps with parts of the body in the surface of water, are part of the behavioral repertoire of several species of cetaceans. Among them, the spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris, shows greater diversity in such behavior. For the spinner dolphins of Fernando de Noronha, the aerial activities are classified as vertical and horizontal, with eight patterns to be noted (tail slap, head slap, motor boating, partial leap, leap, spin, tail over head and tail over head with spin) discriminated between these categories. Such behaviors can be used as a parameter to identify behavioral changes, as well as patterns of daily and seasonal activity. In this manner, this study aimed to characterize the frequency in performance of such activity while the dolphins were within the Dolphin Bay of Fernando de Noronha, and verify possible daily and seasonal hourly fluctuations on such behaviors. The data analyzed in this study was acquired during the period of January 2006 through December 2010, totaling 1431 days of observation from land set point, with 113027 aerial activities registered, daily average of 72,27 (SD=96,10). During 5478h and 54 min of observation the horizontal aerial activity was the most observed and rotation was the most executed pattern. Greater frequency of execution of aerial activity was observed in adults, but for both adults and calves, was observed a predominance of horizontal activities, with spin being the pattern most executed. Positive correlation was observed between the amount of aerial activity performed and the number of animals inside the Bay. Hourly daily fluctuation was observed in the expression of aerial activities by spinner dolphins, and was observed a peak of activity between 8h and 8h59min for the overall frequency relative of aerial activities, as well as for the categories and patterns. Seasonal differences were observed between the rainy and dry season with the greater amount of activity being observed during the rainy season. Nevertheless, the same profile of frequency relative of aerial activity was observed in both seasons with the peak amount being during the same period. When discriminated the aerial activities in categories and patterns, for both seasons, there was a similar pattern of hourly fluctuation; for most of parameters, higher frequency relative of execution of aerial activity remain between 8h and 8h59min / As atividades a?reas, saltos e batidas com partes do corpo na superf?cie da ?gua, comp?em parte do repert?rio comportamental de diversas esp?cies de cet?ceos. Dentre elas, acredita-se que o golfinho-rotador, Stenella longirostris, seja a esp?cie que apresenta maior agilidade em tais comportamentos. Para os golfinhos-rotadores de Fernando de Noronha, as atividades a?reas s?o categorizadas em atividades a?reas verticais e horizontais, sendo oito (batida de cauda, batida de cabe?a, motor de popa, ca?da, salto, rota??o, invers?o e pirueta) os padr?es discriminados entre essas classes. Tais comportamentos podem ser usados como par?metros para identificar altera??es comportamentais, bem como os padr?es de atividade di?ria e sazonais. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar a frequ?ncia de execu??o de atividades a?reas no decorrer do per?odo em que os golfinhos-rotadores permanecem dentro da Ba?a dos Golfinhos de Fernando de Noronha, bem como verificar a exist?ncia de poss?veis flutua??es hor?rias di?rias e sazonais na exibi??o de tais comportamentos. Para isso, foram analisados dados que compreendem o per?odo entre janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2010, totalizando 1.431 dias de observa??o em ponto fixo, sendo registradas 113.027 atividades a?reas, m?dia di?ria de 72,27 (DP=96,10). Nas 5.478 horas e 54 minutos de observa??o, as atividades a?reas horizontais foram observadas em maior frequ?ncia, sendo a rota??o o padr?o mais executado. Maior frequ?ncia de execu??o das atividades a?reas foi observada em indiv?duos adultos, mas tanto para adultos quanto para filhotes, observou-se predom?nio das atividades horizontais, com a rota??o sendo o padr?o mais executado. Correla??o positiva foi observada entre a quantidade de atividades a?reas executadas e o n?mero de animais dentro da Ba?a. Flutua??o hor?ria di?ria foi observada na express?o das atividades a?reas pelos golfinhos-rotadores, sendo observado maior pico de atividade no hor?rio entre 8h e 8h59min, tanto para a frequ?ncia relativa total de atividades a?reas, quanto para as classes e os padr?es. Diferen?as entre as esta??es clim?ticas seca e chuvosa foram observadas, com maior registro de atividade a?rea durante o per?odo de chuvas. Entretanto, o perfil de distribui??o da frequ?ncia relativa de atividades a?reas se assemelha para ambas as esta??es, mantendo o hor?rio de maior pico de atividade. Quando discriminadas as atividades a?reas nas classes e nos padr?es considerados, para ambas as esta??es observaram-se padr?o de flutua??o hor?ria semelhante; para a maioria dos par?metros analisados, maior frequ?ncia relativa de execu??o das atividades a?reas se mant?m entre 8h e 8h59min

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LiisaH.pdf: 524666 bytes, checksum: 8ed111d1e268e386d58d4e05b903d400 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-12 / Studies indicate that spinner dolphins use the Ba?a dos Golfinhos, in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, for resting, reproduction, parental care and protection against shark attacks. The present study had the purpose of verifying the seasonality of spinner dolphin newborns and calves in relation to the months of the year and the pluviometric seasons (dry and rainy), as well as their interaction with the number and gender of accompanying adults and their positioning in relation to the adults (vertical, horizontal, and depth) in the above mentioned bay. The analysis were made out of photo records of dolphins collected between 2000 and 2006 (seasonality) and between 1995 and 2006 (interaction) both using ad libitum sampling method during free dives. To determine the age category, the reason between the smaller dolphin s total body length and the bigger dolphin s total body length was calculated. The dolphins were then divided into three age groups: adults, newborns and calves. Those with total body length ≥ 170cm were considered adults, newborns up to 105cm, and calves from 106cm to 128cm. In addition, the secondary characters described in literature were used to identify newborns and calves. The adults had dimensions of total lenght ≥170cm , the newborns until 105cm and calves between 106cm and 128cm. I addition, secondary characteristics described in the literature were used to indentify newborns and calves. The number of spinner dolphin newborns was greater in the month of April and higher during the rainy season. Throughout the months and pluviometric seasons (pluviometer/pluvial metric), the number of calves did not have a significant difference. Concerning to the presence of newborns and calves age groups at Ba?a dos Golfinhos, there was not a significant difference. It was possible to identify the gender of the escorting adults as (42), 95.24% being females and 4.76% males. Newborns were more frequently seen in the company of two adults, whereas calves were more often accompanied by more than two adults However, there was not a significant difference for the newborns, whereas for the calves there was a significant difference for those classified as loners and those accompanied by more than two adults. When in vertical positioning, the newborns and calves were more frequently observed in inferior position with some difference demonstrated between some of that. While in horizontal positioning both age groups were more often seen in posterior position, also with differences between them. In the depth perspective newborns and calves were positioned anterior, however with significant difference for the calves. The occurrence of a peak of newborns in the months of April may indicate the existence of a birth seasonality pattern for the beginning of the rainy season, with births scattered throughout the year. The results for the positions and escorting of newborns and calves are related to protection and suckling. These conditions reinforce the importance of the area when it comes to the care for offspring, which calls for the creation of conservation rules to the area, especially during those months with greater occurrence of newborns / Estudos indicam que golfinhos-rotadores utilizam a Ba?a dos Golfinhos de Fernando de Noronha para descanso, cuidado parental, acasalamentos e prote??o contra tubar?es. O presente estudo objetivou verificar a sazonalidade de ocorr?ncia de rec?m-nascidos e filhotes de golfinhos-rotadores durante os meses do ano e esta??es pluviom?tricas (seca e chuvosa), e a intera??o destes quanto ? quantidade e sexo de adultos acompanhantes, posicionamento dos rec?m-nascidos e filhotes em rela??o aos adultos (entre as dimen??es vertical, horizontal e profundidade) na referida enseada. As an?lises foram desenvolvidas a partir de registros fotogr?ficos dos golfinhos coletados entre 2000 e 2006 (sazonalidade) e entre 1995 e 2006 (intera??o), ambos atrav?s de amostragem ad libitum em mergulhos livres. Para a determina??o das faixas et?rias, calculou-se a raz?o entre o comprimento total do golfinho menor pelo maior mais pr?ximo a ele na mesma fotografia. Os golfinhos foram divididos em tr?s classes et?rias: adultos, rec?m-nascidos e filhotes. Indiv?duos adultos apresentavam propor??es de comprimento total ≥170cm, rec?m-nascidos at? 105cm e filhotes entre 106cm e 128cm. Em adi??o, foram utilizados caracteres secund?rios descritos na literatura para identificar rec?m-nascidos e filhotes. O maior n?mero de rec?m-nascidos foi registrado no m?s de abril e maior na esta??o chuvosa. Em rela??o ao n?mero de filhotes, n?o houve diferen?a significativa ao longo dos meses e nas esta??es pluviom?tricas. N?o houve diferen?a significatica com rela??o faixas et?rias de rec?m-nascidos e filhotes presentes na Ba?a dos Golfinhos. Entre os adultos acompanhando rec?m-nascidos e filhotes, no caso em que foi poss?vel identificar o sexo dos indiv?duos (42), 95,24% eram f?meas e 4,76% machos. Os rec?m-nascidos estavam em companhia mais freq?ente de 2 adultos, e os filhotes com mais de 2 adultos. Por?m, n?o foi registrada diferen?a para os rec?m-nascidos, ao contr?rio dos filhotes, que diferiram significativamente entre estar sozinho e os demais acompanhamentos. Com rela??o aos posisionamentos nas tr?s dimen??es analisadas, para o posicionamento vertical os rec?m-nascidos e filhotes estavam mais na posi??o inferior, demonstrando diferen?as entre algumas delas. Para a posi??o horizontal, os rec?m-nascidos e filhotes encontravam-se mais posterior, tamb?m com diferen?as entre elas. Com rela??o ? perspectiva profundidade, rec?m-nascidos e filhotes estavam posicionados na frente, por?m apresentou-se diferen?a significativa somente para os filhotes entre as demais. A presen?a do pico de ocorr?ncia de rec?m-nascidos no m?s de abril pode indicar a exist?ncia de um padr?o sazonal de nascimento no in?cio da esta??o das chuvas, por?m tamb?m com a exist?ncia de nascimentos difusos no decorrer do ano. As posi??es e acompanhamentos dos rec?m-nascidos e filhotes se relacionam ? prote??o e amamenta??o. Essas condi??es refor?am a import?ncia da ?rea para o cuidado da prole, necessitando de regras de acesso ? ?rea, principalmente durante os meses com maior ocorr?ncia de rec?m-nascidos