Global ETD Search

41	Therapeutic Antibody Against Neisseria gonorrhoeae Lipooligosaccharide, a Phase-variable Virulence Factor Chakraborti, Srinjoy 25 May 2017 (has links) Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) which causes gonorrhea has become multidrug-resistant, necessitating the development of novel therapeutics and vaccines. mAb 2C7 which targets an epitope within an important virulence factor, the lipooligosaccharide (LOS), is a candidate therapeutic mAb. Ninety-four percent of clinical isolates express the 2C7-epitope which is also a vaccine target. Ng expresses multiple LOS(s) due to phase-variation (pv) of LOS glycosyltransferase (lgt) genes. mAb 2C7 reactivity requires a lactose extension from the LOS core Heptose (Hep) II (i.e. lgtG ‘ON’ [G+]). Pv results in HepI with: two (2-), three (3-), four (4-), or five (5-) hexoses (Hex). How HepI glycans impact Ng infectivity and mAb 2C7 function are unknown and form the bases of this dissertation. Using isogenic mutants, I demonstrate that HepI LOS glycans modulate mAb 2C7 binding. mAb 2C7 causes complement (C’)-dependent bacteriolysis of three (2-Hex/G+, 4-Hex/G+, and 5-Hex/G+) of the HepI mutants in vitro. The 3-Hex/G+ mutant (resistant to C’-dependent bacteriolysis) is killed by neutrophils in the presence of mAb and C’. In mice, 2- and 3-Hex/G+ infections are significantly shorter than 4- and 5-Hex/G+ infections. A chimeric mAb 2C7 that hyperactivates C’, attenuates only 4- and 5-Hex/G+ infections. This study enhances understanding of the role of HepI LOS pv in gonococcal infections and shows that longer HepI glycans are necessary for prolonged infections in vivo. This is the first study that predicts in vitro efficacy of mAb 2C7 against all four targetable HepI glycans thereby strengthening the rationale for development of 2C7-epitope based vaccines and therapeutics. monoclonal antibody therapy mAb mAb 2C7 chimeric antibody therapeutic antibody complement complement activation classical complement pathway phagocytosis neutrophil opsonophagocytosis vaccine engineered antibody antibody engineering C1q C3 gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae vaccines for gonorrhea treatments for gonorrhea hexamerizing antibody hexamerizing IgG antibody hexamers IgG hexamers complement activating antibody complement activating IgG Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins Bacteriology Immunology of Infectious Disease Immunoprophylaxis and Therapy Pathogenic Microbiology
42	On the Origins of the Modern Concept of Syphilis: Eighteenth Century Debate, Ludwik Fleck, and the Enlightenment Humphris, Teneille Patricia January 2013 (has links) The enlightenment period is often considered a dark age within the history of medicine. Contrary to this sentiment, I argue that the enlightenment spirit of inquiry regarding venereal disease was vibrant, dynamic, and profoundly influenced how syphilis was understood in the subsequent century. Historiography frequently minimises advances of medical knowledge made in the eighteenth century by focusing on the inefficacy of treatments, rather than on developments in medical theories and concepts. This thesis attends to this gap by examining a case study within venereology to demonstrate that physicians engaging in public debate significantly advanced knowledge of syphilis. In doing so, this counters a historiographical trend that claims that French physician Philippe Ricord (1800-1889) was the first to distinguish syphilis from gonorrhoea in the nineteenth century. It uses historical evidence to show that the nature of syphilis was debated throughout the preceding centuries and that this distinction was clearly established in 1793 by Scottish surgeon, Benjamin Bell (1749-1806). This thesis uses the epistemic concepts devised by Ludwik Fleck in his Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact (1979 [1935]) to illustrate how enlightenment ways of thinking substantially contributed to the development of modern medicine. This thesis therefore invites a reconsideration of the era, not as a dark age, but as a rich period of scientific endeavour. syphilis venereal disease venereology Philippe Ricord gonorrhea history of medicine epistemology enlightenment pox John Hunter Benjamin Bell philosophy Ludwik Fleck Eighteenth Century 18th century science history medicine
43	Attitudes and Behaviors of South African Women and Psychosocial Determinants of Gonorrhea Ndwanya, Takiyah White 01 January 2015 (has links) The incidence of gonorrhea had declined since the HIV epidemic in the late 1980s, but is now increasing globally due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant forms of this disease. In South Africa, the incidence of gonorrhea is highest among Black women due to their high co-infection rates with HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study examined the psychosocial determinants of gonorrhea among Black women aged 18 - 35 in the Langa township in Cape Town, South Africa. All participants had reported at least one sexual experience and at least one positive test for gonorrhea in the past two years. Participant recruitment involved flyer distribution at LoveLife, the community partner to the research study. After an initial screening call, 12 women were considered eligible and participated in the study. Interview data were gathered, transcribed, then hand-coded for emergent themes, guided by the tenets of the information-motivation-behavioral (IMB) skills conceptual framework. The findings of the study identified that the women did not have extensive knowledge of gonorrhea but believed that factors such as a sense of vulnerability, stress in relationships, and social/environmental factors increased their risk of contracting gonorrhea disease. These findings have global implications, as they lay the foundation for follow-up quantitative studies and outline policy recommendations for addressing gonorrhea. gonorrhea psychosocial factors SES as a determinant of disease sexual behavior South Africa STD/STIs Public Health Education and Promotion Women's Studies
44	Reproductive Health Trends In Female Sex Workers In Madagascar Darbha, Subrahmanyam 12 September 2011 (has links) No description available. Biostatistics Epidemiology Health Sciences Medicine Public Health Statistics Womens Studies Algorithm Gonorrhea Chlamydia Bacterial Vaginosis Trichomoniasis FSWs Female Sex workers Kappa GEE Logistic Regression
45	Betryckta människor : Hur Ivar Lo-Johansson beskriver könssjukdomarna i Kungsgatan och hur detta mottas i pressen hösten 1935 Rydén, Ernst January 2019 (has links) I denna uppsats har jag undersökt hur den svenska arbetarförfattaren Ivar Lo-Johansson (1901–1990) beskriver könssjukdomar i romanen Kungsgatan (1935). Lo-Johansson smittades själv av gonorré i början av 1930-talet och kände därför som författare att han hade ett syfte att göra detta ämne lite mindre tabu. Han skulle dock inte berätta om sin sjukdom för någon under denna tid. En stor del av uppsatsen kommer ägnas åt hur romanen mottogs i den samtida pressen. Jag har försökt bevisa – tvärtemot vad som flera litteraturvetare och även författaren själv gjort tidigare – att romanen inte kan klassas som en skandalroman som fick uteslutande negativ kritik på grund av dess två huvudteman prostitution och könssjukdomar. Den vanligaste åsikten bland litteraturkritiker var att romanen generellt kraftigt borde kortats ner innan utgivning. / In this paper, I have analyzed how the Swedish proletarian writer Ivar Lo-Johansson (1901–1990) describes venereal diseases in his novel Kungsgatan (1935). Lo-Johansson contracted gonorrhea during the early 1930s, and because of this, he felt he had a social purpose as an author to make this subject a little less taboo. He would not, however, reveal his case for anybody during this period. A significant part of this paper will be dedicated to the initial critical reception of Kungsgatan. I have tried to prove – in contrast to previous scholars, even the author himself – that the novel in the beginning wasn’t regarded as scandalous by most literary critics, nor it wasn't criticized because of its main themes: prostitution and venereal diseases. Rather, the most common opinion by critics was that the novel in general should have been shortened down heavily before publication. Ivar Lo-Johansson Kungsgatan gonorrhea syphilis venereal diseases prostitution 1930s critical reception Stockholm Ivar Lo-Johansson Kungsgatan gonorré syfilis könssjukdomar prostitution 1930-talet reception Stockholm General Literature Studies Litteraturvetenskap
46	Examination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae opacity protein expression during experimental murine genital tract infection / Simms, Amy Nicole. January 2005 (has links) (PDF) Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).

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