Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:48:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Felomena de Oliveira Sandri.pdf: 527012 bytes, checksum: e6611509a5628405238b9e31b3319b77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-18 / In the West of Paraná State, the Regional Nuclei of Agricultural State Secretary SEAB - are located in Cascavel and Toledo. The first one has an area of 1,283,062.58 ha, which includes 28 cities; the second one is 849,732.80 ha wide and counts with 20 cities. These Regional Nuclei are responsible for twenty percent of the Whole Production Value, requiring agribusiness state production, as well as important areas concerning/ corn, soybean at wheat production; and they reach almost 4.8 millions tones/grains per year. In order to spread out this production, railways and roadways are employed, even though it decisionmaking affects traffic conditions and implies in costs. Researches Operations tools can be applied, which aims are evaluation, management and planning to improve transportation system use Among these tools, it can be mentioned the simulation practice, which, by means of computational models, helps on choosing how the experiment will be carried out, such as: (i) sensitivity analyses; (ii) scenario analyses, (iii) optimization; and (iv) Monte Carlo Simulation. Considering these potentialities, this trial was carried out aiming at implementing a computational model to simulate grains and oilseeds transportation from the Regional Nuclei of Cascavel and Toledo, respectively. This simulation concerned about 2003, 2004 and 2005 years; and sensitivity analysis was also conducted considering changes of percentage indexes related to the loads destination to roadways and railways, respectively. The applied model showed a great potential for supporting management of grains and oilseeds transportation system, with diversity of reports and information. For example, in 2004, at Cascavel Regional Nucleus, 2,2 millions tonnes of products were processed, with a consumption of 44.916,74 m-3 of firewood, and 34.489 transportations were also made from Cascavel to Paranaguá Port using the roadway / Os Núcleos Regionais de Cascavel e Toledo da Secretaria de Estado da Agricultura e Abastecimento SEAB do Paraná estão localizados na região Oeste. O primeiro núcleo abrange uma área agrícola de 1.283.062,58 ha e compreende 28 munícipios, enquanto o segundo tem área agrícola de 849.732,80 ha e conta com 20 municípios. Esses dois núcleos regionais participam com 20% do Valor Bruto da Produção, os quais correspondem aos valores produzidos pelo agronegócio no Estado e são importantes polos na produção de milho, soja e trigo, cujo total é de, aproximadamente, 4,8 milhões de toneladas. Para o escoamento dessa produção, são utilizados os modais rodoviários e ferroviário, fato que afeta as condições de trafégo e implica em custos. Para o aprimoramento do uso de um sistema de transporte, podem ser utilizados ferramentais de Pesquisa Operacional, os quais prestam avaliações, gestão e planejamento. Dentre os ferramentais, pode ser destacada a simulação que, por meio de modelos computacionais, propicia o auxílio à tomada de decisão pela condução de experimentos tais como: (i) análise de sensibilidade; (ii) comparação de cenários; (iii) otimização e (iv) simulação de Monte Carlo. Considerando essa potencialidade, este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de implementar um modelo computacional para simular a movimentação de cargas de grãos e oleaginosas a partir dos Núcleos Regionais de Cascavel e Toledo. Essas simulações referem-se aos anos de 2003, 2004 e 2005 e conduzida análise de sensibilidade ao considerar a alteração dos índices de destinação de cargas para os modais rodoviário e ferroviário, respectivamente. O modelo empregado apresenta potencialidade de aplicação em procedimentos para gestão do sistema de transporte de grãos e oleaginosas, cujos destaques são a diversidade de relatórios gerados e as informações disponibilizadas. Logo, pode-se ter o exemplo de uma informação, no ano de 2004, para o Núcleo Regional de Cascavel, em que foram processadas 2,2 milhões de toneladas de produto; consumidos 44.916,74 m-3 de lenha, e feita a movimentação de 34.489 cargas pelo eixo Cascavel Porto de Paranaguá por meio de modal rodoviário

The subject of this thesis is the study of cryptographic hash functions, which utilize block ciphers as underlying chain functions. It is mainly concerned with the analysis of the three hash algorithms, the Whirlpool, Gr&oslash / stl and Grindahl. All these hash functions have underlying block ciphers that are modified versions of the Advance Encryption Standard and we investigate the behavior of these block ciphers under the integral attack. Statistical tests, such as the avalanche test and the collision test, are the regular tools for examining the hash function security. In this work, we inspect the statistical behavior the three hash functions and search for collisions. Although it is very difficult to obtain collisions for the actual algorithms, we find some collisions under slight modifications of the original constructions. The ease or difficulty of finding a collision for a modified version also shows the respective importance of the specific hash function branch, missing in the modified version.

The Garzan Formation is a deepening upward marine carbonate including successions ranging from subtidal to open marine facies deposited in the Maastrichtian. The Garzan Formation is composed of five microfacies types / Miliolid Wackestone (subtidal), Orbitoid Miliolid Wackestone, Rudist Wackestone (backshoal to shoal), Rotalid Miliolid Wackestone (shoal to foreshoal) and Pelagic Foraminiferal Mudstone (foreshoal to open marine). These five microfacies are stacked in different combinations consisting of five types of depositional cycles. The type A and D cycles the building blocks of transgressive systems tract (retrogradational), whereas type B and C cycles are deposited during highstand systems tract (aggradational). The type E cycle is progradational and also corresponds to the highstand systems tract deposits. The maximum flooding surface is usually located within the type D cycle towards the top of the formation. vi Generally, the base of the Garzan Formation deposition starts with highstand systems tract deposits (type E and C cycles) and overlain by transgressive systems tract deposits (type A cycle) in between there is a type 2 sequence boundary. Then deposition continues with highstand systems tract deposits (alternation of type B and C cycles) which are aggradational in character. The top of the Formation is characterized by transgressive systems tract deposits (type D cycle) which usually includes the maximum flooding surface. The second type 2 sequence boundary is located below the type D cycle. There are four of the stacking patterns observed in the Garzan Formation. The GR values change from relatively high to low API in type D and A cycles, whereas a relative shift from low to high API is observed in type E cycle. The GR in the type B and C cycles does not display any relative change. There is no net movement in the SONIC readings in type A, B, C and E cycles / however there is a relative shifting from low velocity to high velocity in type D cycle. In Garzan deposition opposing the general patterns, a decrease in GR readings indicates a decrease in energy and relatively deepening. In carbonate depositional systems predicting the depositional environment from the logs should only be accomplished with microfacies control, otherwise the interpretation will be erroneous.

Alpha-Beta transition in quartz is studied using the Raman scattering. The Raman frequencies of some lattice modes are analyzed at various temperatures close to the alpha beta transition in quartz. For this analysis, the experimental data from the literature is used and the soft mode behavior of those Raman phonons is investigated . On the basis of the predictions of some models, the temperature dependencies for the Raman frequencies of the lattice modes which move towards zero (soft mode) and their bandwidths close to the transition temperature Tc are explained for the alpha-beta transition in quartz. In addition, by using the experimental volume data from literature, calculation of the temperature dependence of the Raman frequencies through the Gr&uuml / neisen parameter have been studied near the phase transition.

Recent research demonstrated that besides a role in sex determination and male fertility, the Y chromosome is involved in additional functions including prostate cancer, sex-specific effects on the brain and behaviour, graft-versus-host disease, nociception, aggression and autoimmune diseases. The results presented in this thesis include an analysis of sex-biased genes encoded on the X and Y chromosomes of rodents. Expression data from six different somatic tissues was analyzed and we found that the X chromosome is enriched in female biased genes and depleted of male biased ones. The second study described copy number variation (CNV) patterns in a world-wide collection of human Y chromosome samples. Contrary to expectations, duplications and not deletions were the most frequent variations. We also discovered novel CNV patterns of which some were significantly overrepresented in specific haplogroups. A substantial part of the thesis focuses on analysis of spatial expression of two Y-encoded brain-specific genes, namely PCDH11Y and NLGN4Y. The perhaps most surprising discovery was the observation that X and Y transcripts of both gene pairs are mostly expressed in different cells in human spinal cord and medulla oblongata. Also, we detected spatial expression differences for the PCDH11X gene in spinal cord. The main focus of the spatial investigations was to uncover genetically coded sexual differences in expression during early development of human central nervous system (CNS). Also, investigations of the expression profiles for 13 X and Y homolog gene pairs in human CNS, adult brain, testes and still-born chimpanzee brain samples were included. Contrary to previous studies, we found only three X-encoded genes from the 13 X/Y homologous gene pairs studied that exhibit female-bias. We also describe six novel non-coding RNAs encoded in the human MSY, some of which are polyadenylated and with conserved expression in chimpanzee brain. The description of dimorphic cellular expression patterns of X- and Y-linked genes should boost the interest in the human specific gene PCDH11Y, and draw attention to other Y-encoded genes expressed in the brain during development. This may help to elucidate the role of the Y chromosome in sex differences during early CNS development in humans. / <p>chinese, finnish, norwegian, schizophrenia, bipolar, bipolar disorder, msy, male specific region Y, PAR1, PAR2, pseudoautosomal, male-biased, female-biased, male biased, female biased, ashkenazi population, structure, variants, YHRD, Elena Jazin, Björn Reinius, Per Ahlberg, brain, hjärna, CNS, central nervous system, IR2, inverted repeat 2, isodicentric, genetics, genetik, padlock, rolling circle, amplification, PCR, sY1191, sY1291, STS, DDX3Y, DAZ, AZFa, AZFb, AZFc, AZF, Repping, haplogroup J, rearrangements, DE-M145, I-M170, E-M96, Q-M242, R-M207, O-M175, G-M201, D-M174, C-M130, NO-M214, N-M231, poland</p>

It has been noted by several authors that General Relativistic frame dragging in rotating neutron stars is a first order effect which has to be included in a self-consistent model of pulsar magnetospheric structure and associated radiation and transport processes. To this end, I undertook the present study with the aim of investigating the effect of General Relativity (GR) on millisecond pulsar (MSP) visibility. I developed a numerical code for simulating a pulsar magnetosphere, incorporating the GR-corrected expressions for the electric potential and field. I included curvature radiation (CR) due to primary electrons accelerated above the stellar surface, as well as inverse Compton scattering (ICS) of thermal X-ray photons by these electrons. I then applied the model to PSR J0437-4715, a prime candidate for testing the GR-Electrodynamic theory, and examined its visibility for the H.E.S.S. telescope. I also considered the question of whether magnetic photon absorption would take place for this particular pulsar. In addition, I developed a classical model for comparison with the GR results. I found that the typical electron energies and associated CR photon energies are functions of position above the polar cap (PC). These energies are also quite smaller in the GR case than in the classical case due to the different functional forms of the GR and classical electric fields. I found the CR energy cut-off to be ~ 4 GeV compared to the well-known classical value of ~ 100 GeV. Since the H.E.S.S. energy threshold is ~ 100 GeV, it seems as though the CR component will not be visible, contrary to wide-held opinion. However, the ICS component seems to be well in excess of the H.E.S.S. energy threshold and is expected to be visible. I also found that no pair production will take place for PSR J0437-4715. Hopefully, forthcoming H.E.S.S. observations will provide validation of these results. KEY WORDS: General relativistic frame dragging, GR electrodynamics, millisecond pulsar visibility, non-thermal radiation processes, pair production, H.E.S.S., individual pulsars: PSR J0437-4715. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Physics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

L'euchologe Barberini grec 336 de la bibliothèque Vaticane est le témoin le plus ancien et le plus important du rite byzantin. Les prières du baptême que cet euchologe contient constituent un rite complet du baptême, de façon à ce que l'officiant puisse célébrer le rite du baptême. L'ordre et le contenu des prières lues par l'officiant sont en général les mêmes à ceux qui sont actuellement en usage dans les églises de l'orient qui suivent le typique constantinopolitain : i. la prière pour faire un catéchumène, ii. les exorcismes, iii. les prières de renonciation et adhésion, iv. la litanie diaconale, v. la prière faite par le prêtre qui va baptiser, vi. les prières pour la bénédiction de l'eau, vii. les prières pour l'onction pré-baptismale, viii. les prières pour l'immersion baptismale, ix. les prières pour l'onction post-baptismale, x. la prière pour les ablutions, xi. la prière pour la tonsure d'enfant. Dans l'euchologe, il y a aussi une autre prière pour le renoncement - adhésion sous le titre "Renoncement et adhésion, qui se font sous la présidence de l'archevêque à la sainte Préparation de Pâques" qui est très important parce qu'il provient de l'époque de Chrysostome. En ce qui concerne le credo baptismal qui se trouve dans l'euchologe Barberini gr.336, il s'agit du Credo de Nice-Constantinople. En général, les prières pour le baptême de l'euchologe Barberini grec 336 concernent des candidats adultes. Néanmoins, on ne peut pas exclure le baptême des enfants. Dans la prière pour la tonsure des enfants, ceux-ci sont considérés comme déjà baptisés. En ce qui concerne les enfants, l'euchologe contient deux prières qui paraissent symboliser leur inscription dans les ordres des catéchumènes. Les enfants sont considérés en tant que personnes. L'analyse des prières du baptême concernant la personne divine évoquée par le célébrant aide à distinguer les prières qui précèdent les controverses christologiques. Les prières qui s'adressent simplement à Dieu sont considérées comme plus anciennes (avant le Vème siècle) puisque là, ce n'était pas nécessaire que la divinité de la personne du Fils soit discriminée. Dans l'euchologe, il y a aussi des prières qui concernent le retour des hérétiques. On les distingue en trois catégories : a) ceux qui sont acceptés dans l'église en libelles et en onction au saint myron, b) ceux qui sont acceptés en libelles et c) ceux qui sont acceptés en baptême. Le critère qui distinguait ceux qui seraient acceptés en libelle ou en chrismation à ceux qui seraient baptisés dès le début c'était leur baptême précédent en une ou en trois immersions. Par ailleurs, la distinction est liée à l'acceptation ou non du dogme pour la Sainte Trinité de la part des hérétiques. Il est remarquable que en VIIIème siècle l'église montrait une tolérance aux hérétiques qui étaient reçus en libelle et en chrismation, parce qu'elle estimait qu'ils acceptaient le dogme pour la Sainte Trinité mais qu'ils l'interprétaient incorrectement. Enfin, à l'époque du codex Barberini gr.336, le rite du baptême était indissolublement lié à la divine liturgie suivant la tradition antérieure. Les baptisés, juste après l'immersion baptismale et l'onction au myron, devenaient participants du corps et du sang du Christ.

It has been noted by several authors that General Relativistic frame dragging in rotating neutron stars is a first order effect which has to be included in a self-consistent model of pulsar magnetospheric structure and associated radiation and transport processes. To this end, I undertook the present study with the aim of investigating the effect of General Relativity (GR) on millisecond pulsar (MSP) visibility. I developed a numerical code for simulating a pulsar magnetosphere, incorporating the GR-corrected expressions for the electric potential and field. I included curvature radiation (CR) due to primary electrons accelerated above the stellar surface, as well as inverse Compton scattering (ICS) of thermal X-ray photons by these electrons. I then applied the model to PSR J0437-4715, a prime candidate for testing the GR-Electrodynamic theory, and examined its visibility for the H.E.S.S. telescope. I also considered the question of whether magnetic photon absorption would take place for this particular pulsar. In addition, I developed a classical model for comparison with the GR results. I found that the typical electron energies and associated CR photon energies are functions of position above the polar cap (PC). These energies are also quite smaller in the GR case than in the classical case due to the different functional forms of the GR and classical electric fields. I found the CR energy cut-off to be ~ 4 GeV compared to the well-known classical value of ~ 100 GeV. Since the H.E.S.S. energy threshold is ~ 100 GeV, it seems as though the CR component will not be visible, contrary to wide-held opinion. However, the ICS component seems to be well in excess of the H.E.S.S. energy threshold and is expected to be visible. I also found that no pair production will take place for PSR J0437-4715. Hopefully, forthcoming H.E.S.S. observations will provide validation of these results. KEY WORDS: General relativistic frame dragging, GR electrodynamics, millisecond pulsar visibility, non-thermal radiation processes, pair production, H.E.S.S., individual pulsars: PSR J0437-4715. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Physics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

ABSTRACT EFFECT OF SALT STRESS ON ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEMS OF SENSITIVE AND RESISTANT CULTIVARS OF LENTIL Cicerali, Iin Nur M.Sc., Department of Biotechnology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Meral Y&uuml / cel Co-supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. F&uuml / sun (nci) Eyidoan June 2004, 90 pages In this study, two lentil cultivars (Lens culinaris, Medik.) (ILL5582-salt tolerant and ILL590) were characterized and compared due to their NaCl susceptibility and antioxidant mechanism was examined under laboratory conditions. Physiological parameters such as wet-dry weight, root-shoot lengths, cell membrane stability, lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, proline contents were determined. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD: EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT: EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX: EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR: EC 1.6.4.2) were examined and analyzed in 14 days old plant seedlings after 9 days of normal growth and 5 days of 100mM and 200mM NaCl stress conditions. Shoot-root length and wet-dry weight percent decrease were more in ILL590. Especially shoot tissues were affected more from the stress conditions when compared to root tissues. ii According to malondialdehyde (MDA) content and membrane stability results, lipid peoxidation was higher in ILL590 and significant increases were observed in shoot tissues. Proline concentration showed a remarkable increase in salt concentration dependent manner. Higher concentrations of proline in ILL5582 might be the reason of higher salt tolerance when compared to ILL590. Among the antioxidant enzymes SOD was the one which showed highest activity increase. At organ level roots showed highest activity when compared to leaves. In the organelle higher activity percent contribution was achieved by cytosolic Cu/ZnSOD isozyme. Higher percent increase of this isozyme was observed in ILL5582. This might be one of the tolerance mechanisms that get activated against NaCl stress. APX activity showed similar alterations in both cultivars. In leaf tissues significant increase was observed but in root tissues ascorbate peroxidase activity did not change significantly. Glutathione Reductase activity increase was significant in both cultivars leaf tissues but although ILL5582 showed a stress concentration dependent increase, ILL590 did not. The activity of CAT enzyme in leaf and root tissues of both cultivars did not significantly change under increasing salt stress conditions. The results suggested that the leaves were more susceptible to salt stress. Also when two cultivars were compared ILL5582 was found to be more tolerant against salt stress than ILL590 under laboratory conditions and SOD enzyme seemed to be the most active component of the salt tolerant mechanism.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JotaCL.pdf: 1574556 bytes, checksum: 2868fab9c273e6f4d25ecd9b2e4ba1b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-04 / Brazil is a great ceramic raw materials productor because of the its big number of clay deposits, in various areas of the ceramic industry. Although, the majority of the natural reservations are unknown or not studied yet, so there is no scientific technical dates that can guide their usage and industrial application, as well as the racional and optimazed way of usage by the industrial sector. The state of Maranh?o has a gigant mineral wealth as esmectite, bentonite, kaolin, clays, feldspates, marine salt, iron and others, but produce only products with small agregated value compared to the porcelanato, one of the most expensives ceramic cover tiles, the reason for that is the low water absorption (lower than 0,5%), beside present amazing tecnicals features, like mechanical resistence. The main objective of the work is to do the characterization of four clays, with the finallity of find an application by the results and develop formulations to produce porcelanato using these raw materials from Timon-MA. For this were made the raw materials characterization using X ray fluorecence; X ray diffraction; Differencial thermal analysis; Dilatometric analysis and Tecnological properties, planing three formulations that were sinterized at six different temperatures: 1150, 1170, 1190, 1210, 1230 and 1250?C for 7 minutes. After the sinteratization, the samples were submitted to tension resistance analysis. Were attained two formulations with the requested properties to produce porcelanato / O Brasil ? um grande produtor de mat?rias-primas cer?micas, em virtude do grande n?mero de jazidas de argilas que possui, nas diversas ?reas da ind?stria cer?mica. Todavia, a grande maioria destas reservas naturais ? desconhecida ou permanece indevidamente estudada, n?o havendo assim dados t?cnico-cient?ficos que orientem sua utiliza??o e aplica??o industrial, bem como sua utiliza??o de maneira mais racional e otimizada por parte do setor industrial. O maranh?o possui grandes riquezas minerais como esmectita, bentonita, caulim, argilas, feldspatos, micas, min?rio de ferro, talco, sal marinho, entre outras, no entanto produz apenas produtos de baixo valor agregado em rela??o ao gr?s porcelanato, uma das mais nobres cer?micas de revestimento, devido a sua baixa absor??o de ?gua (tipicamente abaixo de 0,5%), al?m de apresentar excelentes caracter?sticas t?cnicas, destacando-se resist?ncia mec?nica, ao risco e ao manchamento. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho ? caracterizar quatro argilas, com a proposta final de uma aplica??o atrav?s dos resultados obtidos em laborat?rios e desenvolver formula??es para produ??o de gr?s porcelanato a partir de mat?rias-primas da regi?o de Timon-MA. Para isso, foi feita a caracteriza??o das mat?rias-primas por Fluoresc?ncia de Raios X; Difra??o de Raios X; An?lise t?rmica Diferencial; An?lise T?rmica Diferencial, An?lise Dilatom?trica e Propriedades Tecnol?gicas, elaborando tr?s formula??es que foram queimadas em seis temperaturas: 1150, 1170,1190 1210, 1230 e 1250?C com 7 minutos de patamar. Ap?s a queima, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos a ensaios f?sico-mec?nicos e tamb?m por Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura. Foram obtidos para duas formula??es propriedades compat?veis com as exigidas para o gr?s