No description available.

The purpose of the study was to look into the subjects which the students express when they cry out to their recreation instructor, if there are similarities and differences in the subjects when they turn to their recreation instructor or when they instead turn to their teacher, which different roles and positions the students place their recreation instructors and the teachers in. I have used focused observations during three days in two different schools. Using the ideas of J.Butler on performative perspective, I´ve analyzed the way the students have positioned their recreation instructors and teachers through speech and actions. My conclusion is that students early on see hierarchical structures in school and help maintaining them.

No description available.

Cooperative learning is a very common working method in grade school. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects that cooperative learning has on students with different abilities. Several articles covering different abilities have been selected for our analysis. During our analysis we observed similarities and differences in the articles and thereby found three main topics for the result section: The effects of early introduction to cooperative learning, cooperative learning form a second language perspective and the teacher’s adaptation for students with learning disabilities. After reading and discussing the results in the articles we come to the conclusion that cooperative learning can be beneficial for every student, if the teacher has the right knowledge and the right understanding of how to use it.

Syftet med denna kunskapsöversikt är att undersöka om kooperativt lärande har effekter på elevers utveckling i matematik. I kunskapsöversikten beskrivs vilka effekter kooperativt lärande har på elevers utveckling i matematikundervisningen, samt vad läraren bör göra för att framgångsrikt använda kooperativt lärande. För detta har 8 vetenskapliga artiklar analyserats och sammanfattats. Resultatet visar på att kooperativa arbetsmetoder är effektivare än de traditionella i matematikundervisningen. Elevernas prestationer tyder på att användning av kooperativa arbetssätt främjar elevernas förståelse i matematik. Dessutom påverkar kooperativt lärande elevernas relationer och motivation i matematikundervisningen. I de klasser kooperativa metoder används, har påvisats att eleverna utvecklar sina sociala förmågor samt andra färdigheter, såsom att ta beslut, kompromissa och förhandla. Studierna visar även att lärarens roll är betydelsefull för metodens framgång. Utöver detta visar studierna att metoden inte är enkel att använda, den kräver tid och välplanerad matematikundervisning. Slutligen konstateras att kooperativt lärande är en effektiv metod för elevers utveckling i matematik och att den fungerar från förskoleklass upp till årskurs 7 oavsett elevers kunskapsnivå. För att genomföras måste läraren ha en bred kunskapsbas inom kooperativt lärande för att framgångsrikt kunna använda metoden i matematikundervisningen.

This study is an evaluation of individual music textbooks from eight series for grades four, five, and six, by a definite criterion basis. It seems very worthwhile to have an evaluation of such books: (a) to aid in the wise selection of music books, and (b) to become familiar with the contributions of each series.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:16:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodney Batista dos Santos.pdf: 529837 bytes, checksum: a54422cad6ff6a5be90c981baf910885 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-26 / The aim of this research was to analyze how the qualification of Physical Education professionals happens. Those professionals are the ones working in the first years of grade schools. Firstly, a study of the legislation and of the directives for the qualification in Physical Education and Pedagogy courses was made. We tried to answer the question: who should teach Physical Education classes in the first years of grade schools? Next, an analysis of curriculums of two Physical Education graduation courses was made. We also proceeded with interviews with four professionals of grade schools. These professionals had graduated in the same universities where the curriculums were analyzed. We also applied a questionnaire to five professionals, called do-it-all . Those professionals work at the Municipal Educational System. Their responsibility is to develop classes in Physical Education. As theoretical references related to the qualification of professionals in the area, we applied reflections of SOARES 919920, ISAYAMA (2003), FREIRE (2005), MOREIRA (2001), among others. The data analyzed show the necessity of our careful look at curriculums, and also at the syllabuses of physical education graduation courses. Although these graduations offer baccalaureate and teaching courses, they are not prepared to offer satisfactory qualification for the ones interested in working in the first levels of grade schools, i.e.: the levels in which students range from 6 to 10 years of age. Professionals interviewed stated that, in fact, they lacked not only thorough background for a more efficient practice, but also a relevant accepted theory for the subject. The importance of Physical Education in infancy is unquestionable, but the possibilities of its ampler development are, among other things, subjected to basic economic questions, giving us the impression that a more generalist qualification in graduation courses reduces costs proportionally, public policies in some cities follow the same principles.(AU) / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar como ocorre a formação dos profissionais da Educação Física que atuam nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Primeiro foi desenvolvido um estudo da legislação e das diretrizes de formação em Educação Física e em Pedagogia, buscando responder à questão: quem deve ministrar aulas de Educação Física nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental? A seguir foi realizada uma análise de currículos de dois cursos de graduação em Educação Física, bem como foram feitas entrevistas com quatro profissionais do Ensino Fundamental que atuam no segmento em questão e estudaram nas mesmas universidades e/ou faculdades dos cursos analisados. Aplicou-se também um questionário para cinco profissionais, denominados polivalentes , que trabalham em escolas de uma Rede Municipal de Ensino e que têm a responsabilidade de desenvolver as aulas de Educação Física. Como referencial teórico sobre a formação dos profissionais na área, foram utilizadas as reflexões de SOARES (1992), ISAYAMA (2003), FREIRE (2005), MOREIRA (2001), entre outros. Os dados da análise apontam para a necessidade de um novo olhar para a grade curricular, bem como para os conteúdos das graduações em Educação Física, que, mesmo oferecendo formação em bacharelado e licenciatura, não contemplam de forma suficiente uma formação adequada para a atuação nas séries iniciais de Ensino Fundamental, em que a faixa etária dos alunos é de 6 a 10 anos. Os profissionais entrevistados expressam que, de fato, faltaram subsídios para uma prática mais pertinente, bem como uma teoria que tenha sua relevância aceita, considerando-se o cotidiano escolar e as condições para o desenvolvimento do trabalho. A importância da Educação Física na infância é inegável, porém as possibilidades de desenvolvimentos mais amplos ficam, entre outras, sujeitas às questões basicamente econômicas, causando-nos a impressão de que a formação generalista nos cursos de graduação visa redução de custos na mesma medida, as políticas públicas de alguns municípios seguem o mesmo princípio.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of general impression scoring by teachers and students, and to compare the criteria used in evaluating student writings. Subjects for the study were 40 eighth grade and tenth grade students of varying reading ability in regular English classes in a suburban school district. Teachers and students evaluated two sets of writings in the narrative, classificatory and descriptive modes, generated by ninth grade students in regular English classes in the same school district. In addition, a comment, citing criteria upon which evaluation was based, was made on each writing. The design for this study was an extended factorial analysis. A three way analysis of variance was computed for ability and grade for each level of quality of writing in each mode of discourse. Six hypotheses were tested. Hypotheses one and two dealt with comparison of ratings by students who differed by ability and grade. No significant differences were found. Hypotheses three and four dealt with interaction between grade, ability and mode of discourse. No significant interaction was found. Hypotheses five and six dealt with differences in evaluations between teachers and students of varying ability. A significant difference was found in how teachers and students evaluate writing (p .01). Examination of criteria used in evaluating writings indicated that teachers consistently referred to elements of the text. Students also made text-based comments. In addition, students responded subjectively, referring to common experience, interest, and memories cued by the text.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Tanganelli Lara.pdf: 1122663 bytes, checksum: ab5640c7d3581b1be5a551e7af36eb14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study analizes the scolastic inclusion and exclusion of students in the 8th grade, verifying the reasons for which the students present scolastic success or weakness. The main objective of the research was to identify and characterize scolastic inclusion and exclusion of students at the end of the eight grade in relation to the organizational aspects of the school and the curiculum being used at the school, as seen through the work of the teachers, as well as in relation to the social and cultural characteristics of all the school employees. The main theoretical references for the present study were Bourdieu, in order to comprehend the meaning of the categories allotted by the teachers for the students and those excluded from the interior; Charlot, to clarify the relation to knowledge; and Lahire, to discuss the scholastic success amongst the lower-class population. To explain the processes of selection existent in the day to day school environment, Apple was consulted. The data collected refers to observation within the school, including the 8th grade students of a public school situated in the city of São Paulo em 2007; to the questionaires applied to and interviews with teachers and students throughout the time period; and to the analysis of documents related to the evaluations of the students when in the 8th grade and prior (when in the 4th grade), and other information from general evaluation tests, and from scolastic organization. The results indicate that the production of scholastic success or weakness was an institutional factor, including the actions of all school employees, be it by the classification used, be it by the maintenance of them throughout the years, be it by the institutions that decided the lives of the students, and be it by the actions of the team of directors in omitting many times the conditions or change in conditions needed for betterment and not providing substitution rather than suspension of so many classes, which only worsened the precariousness of the attention given. These actions within the school demonstrate strong traits of school culture, which proportions the scholastic inclusion or exclusion of students / Este estudo analisa a inclusão e a exclusão escolar de alunos no último ano do ciclo II, verificando por quais razões os alunos apresentam sucesso ou fracasso escolar. O objetivo central da pesquisa foi identificar e caracterizar a inclusão e a exclusão escolar de alunos do final do ciclo II em suas relações com aspectos da organização da escola e do currículo em ação na escola, por meio do trabalho dos professores, bem como das características sociais e culturais dos agentes da escola. Os principais referenciais teóricos do presente estudo foram Bourdieu, a fim de compreender o que significam as categorias do juízo professoral sobre os alunos e os excluídos do interior; Charlot, para esclarecer a relação com o saber; Lahire, para discutir o sucesso escolar nos meios populares. Para explicar os processos de rotulação existentes no cotidiano escolar, recorreu-se a Apple. Os dados coletados referemse à observação no interior da escola, inclusive nas turmas de 8ª série de uma escola pública municipal situada na cidade de São Paulo em 2007; a questionários e entrevistas ao longo do percurso para professores e alunos; a análise dos documentos relativos às avaliações dos alunos na 8ª série e prévia (4ª série), e outros advindos das provas de avaliação externa da escola, e da organização escolar. Os resultados indicaram que a produção do sucesso e do fracasso escolar foi uma questão institucional, perpassando a atuação de todos os agentes da escola, seja pelas classificações efetuadas, seja pela manutenção delas ao longo dos anos, seja pelos órgãos que decidiram a vida dos alunos ou, ainda, pela atuação da equipe dirigente, omissa muitas vezes em prover condições ou alterá-las para outra direção, ou mesmo providenciar substituições e não suspensão de tantas aulas, o que só agravou a precariedade do atendimento. Essas ações no interior da escola demonstram traços fortes da cultura escolar, que propiciam a inclusão ou a exclusão escolar de alunos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaDS_TESE.pdf: 1570825 bytes, checksum: b999f6241ca02aa2d4db2e9ca4247a55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study deals with Sociology teacher identity issues. This is done considering daily routines of Sociology grade school teachers in the city of Picos in the state of Piau?-Brazil. Thus, the research aims to acknowledge the manner the inter-relations between the teacher s know-how and the process of construction of the professional identity of these teachers occur. It is seen that the discipline of Sociology in this context brings out processes related to inclusion and exclusion once the subject of Sociology is distinguished as unstable in relation to other disciplines. However, in June 2008, the law included the Sociology as a discipline 11,684 mandatory on all high school series.The theoretical and methodological procedures of this research were based on an ethnographic qualitative nature research and enabled a documental analysis. In order to collect data, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied in collective and individual in four state schools in the city of Picos in Piau?. The analysis of the information was based in content analysis from the proposals made by Bardin (1997), and Franco (2008). The information was then organized in knowledge matrixes that allowed the identification of themes divided into two thematic axes: teacher education: the search for sense making in experience and the exercise of teaching as well as the Sociology grade school teacher s daily routine. The research enables the understanding of the senses the subjects have on their own activity since the work deals with concrete situations and experiences in the scholar context. These senses are considered relevant in order to enable a comprehension of the inter-relations that are established between the know-how and the construction of the identity on behalf of these teachers. Almost all of the interviewed subjects did not have a degree in Social Sciences and came from other backgrounds especially ones related to Education. Sociology teachers investigated almost in its entirety, do not have specific training in the social sciences, becoming teachers of Sociology by lack of school and to complete the work load. But, in spite of the difficulties experienced in the practice of the discipline all are in favour of its inclusion in high school. They have a clear vision, that through the work of the theoretical content of the discipline with the daily life of the students by using teaching strategies that add value to the relationship of knowledge that are prepared in society at large, to Sociology provides a critical analysis of the reality in which they are inserted / Este estudo aborda aspectos sobre a identidade e a doc?ncia no cotidiano do professor de Sociologia do Ensino M?dio de escolas p?blicas estaduais da cidade de Picos/PI. Tem como objetivo compreender as inter-rela??es entre o saber-fazer e o processo de constru??o da identidade profissional desses professores. O percurso da Sociologia como disciplina nesse n?vel de ensino ? marcado por processos de inclus?o e exclus?o, distinguindo-se por uma situa??o de instabilidade em rela??o ?s outras disciplinas. Por?m, em junho de 2008, a Lei 11.684 incluiu a Sociologia como disciplina obrigat?ria em todas as s?ries do Ensino M?dio. O encaminhamento te?rico-metodol?gico deste trabalho tem como base a pesquisa qualitativa do tipo etnogr?fico aplicada ? educa??o, possibilitando a realiza??o de an?lise documental, a aplica??o de question?rios e de entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais e coletiva e a observa??o em quatro escolas p?blicas estaduais da cidade de Picos/PI. As an?lises das informa??es foram embasadas em alguns procedimentos da an?lise de conte?do fundados nas proposi??es de Bardin, (1997) e Franco (2008). As informa??es foram sistematizadas em matrizes que conduziram ? identifica??o dos temas agrupados em dois eixos categ?ricos: a forma??o para a doc?ncia: a busca de sentido na experi?ncia do ser; e o exerc?cio da doc?ncia: o cotidiano do professor de Sociologia do Ensino M?dio. O estudo empreendido possibilita entender os sentidos que os professores sujeitos da pesquisa conferem ? atividade docente como pautados nas situa??es concretas e nas experi?ncias vivenciadas no contexto escolar. Esses sentidos atribu?dos foram relevantes para a compreens?o das inter-rela??es estabelecidas entre o saber-fazer a constru??o da identidade docente de tais professores. Os professores de Sociologia investigados, quase na sua totalidade, n?o possuem forma??o espec?fica em Ci?ncias Sociais, tornando-se professores de Sociologia por car?ncia da escola e para completar a carga hor?ria. Por?m, apesar das in?meras dificuldades vivenciadas na pr?tica da disciplina, todos s?o favor?veis ? sua inclus?o no Ensino M?dio. Eles t?m uma vis?o clara de que, por meio do trabalho dos conte?dos te?ricos da disciplina com o cotidiano dos alunos, ao utilizarem estrat?gias de ensino que valorizam a rela??o dos conhecimentos que est?o dispostos na sociedade em geral, a Sociologia proporciona uma an?lise cr?tica da realidade na qual est?o inseridos