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A utilização estrutural da madeira serrada oriunda de florestas plantadas apresenta, no Brasil, um considerável potencial para expansão, pois as restrições sobre as florestas nativas são irreversíveis e o mercado se volta, em larga escala, para o uso das madeiras de reflorestamento, destacando-se o Pinus Sp como uma das espécies mais promissoras. Entretanto, como resultado do crescimento acelerado, a madeira proveniente destas espécies apresenta muitos defeitos, tornando-se imprescindível a realização da classificação para sua aplicação estrutural. Por outro lado, atualmente no Brasil não há procedimentos normatizados para a classificação de peças estruturais de madeira. Neste trabalho foi verificada a adequabilidade das regras de classificação visual do Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB) aplicadas à madeira de Pinus provenientes de florestas plantadas na região de Lages, Santa Catarina. Foi realizada a classificação visual de 600 peças de Pinus Sp. que tiveram a sua rigidez à flexão em relação ao eixo de menor inércia determinada por três métodos: ensaio estático de flexão, equipamento MSR, e equipamento de vibração transversal. Parte destas peças (96) distribuídas em igual número em quatro classes de resistência foi testada à flexão estática em relação ao eixo de maior inércia, com a finalidade de determinar a resistência e a rigidez à flexão de cada classe. O trabalho apresenta correlações entre propriedades de resistência, rigidez e a densidade. O método de classificação visual descrito nas regras do SPIB mostrou-se adequado para ser aplicado na madeira proveniente de florestas de Pinus Sp plantadas no Brasil. / The structural use of lumber from planted forests presents, in Brazil, a considerable potential for expansion, whereas the restrictions on the native forests are irreversible and the market turns, in wide scale, for the use of the reforestation lumber, standing out the lumber of Pinus Sp as one of the most promising species. However, as a result of the fast growth, the coming lumber of these species presents many defects, becoming indispensable the accomplishment of the grading for its structural application. On the other hand, now in Brazil there are not established procedures for the grading of structural lumber. In this work the adequability of Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB) grading rules applied to lumber of reforestation from city of Lages – SC, were verified. The visual grading of 600 pieces of Pinus Sp was accomplished. The flatwise bending stiffness was determined by three methods: static bending, MSR equipment, and equipment of transverse vibration. A part of these pieces (96) distributed in the same number in four structural grades it was tested to the static edgewise bending, with the purpose of determining bending strength and stiffness of each grade. This work presents correlations among strength properties, stiffness and the density. The method of visual grading described in the rules of SPIB was shown appropriate to be applied in the lumber from forests of Pinus Sp planted in Brazil.

Interviews were held with 126 Year 10 and 23 Year 11 students to obtain a description of the knowledge that students had about the way they were assessed. Data was obtained about the grades the students received, or expected to receive. The students also completed the same attitude scales in both sets of interviews. The most suitable criterion for analysing the Year 11 interview data was found to be the changes in assignment grades between Year 10 and Year 11. The criterion was verified by analysing the attitudinal data. Changes in attitude, based on relative grade changes, showed that the most negative attitude changes occurred with students who had obtained higher grades in Year 10 than they had in Year 11. The differences in grading practices between the high schools and the secondary college meant that the majority of students obtained lower grades in Year 11 than they did in Year 10. Students were found to have a selective knowledge of the assessment system with the most "academically successful" students knowing more about the assessment system than the "academically less successful". Two underlying constructs, communication and realism, are used in an attempt to explain the data. The approach of asking students about assessment is recommended for use an evaluative tool in curriculum development.

The focus of this research is to develop a prototype expert system for softwood lumber grading. The grading rules used in the knowledge base of the system are based on Western Lumber Grading Rules 88 published by the Western Wood Products Association. The system includes 27 grades in Dimension, Select/Finish, and Boards categories. The system is designed to be interactive and menu-driven. The user input to the system consists of lumber size, grade category, and type, location and size of defects for each face. The system then infers the grade corresponding to each face, and an overall grade for the lumber. The system provides limited explanation capabilities. Evaluation of the system was performed using 85 samples of pre-graded Siberian larch 2x4x12s in Structural Light Framing category. The initial evaluation was performed using the two wide faces of boards. Results indicated a 60 percent match between the grade assigned by the human expert and the system. The largest cause of deviation was exclusion of defects on the two narrow faces. The knowledge base was expanded to include the two narrow faces; the match rate improved to 76.5 percent. Evaluations for other grading categories need to be conducted in the future to assess the adequacy of the knowledge base. The prototype development concentrates on selected defect characteristics for each grade. These characteristics are clearly defined and described in the rule book, and are usually the most frequently encountered defects on softwood lumber. The knowledge base needs to be refined and expanded if additional factors such as knot positions relative to each other, warp, manufacturing imperfections and clustering of defects are to be considered. / Graduation date: 1993

Traditional methods of oocyte selection for in vitro studies have proven inefficient with respect to achieving a level of predictability for competency. In this study, a novel method of oocyte selection was implemented that identified a relationship between oocyte morphological parameters (as defined by a ratio of a shape factor (SF) to average fluorescence intensity (AFI) and AFI, followed by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC) using the Well of Well (WOW) method to evaluate oocyte competency. Specifically, we used non-cytotoxic fluorescent molecular probes and multiphoton microscopy to non-invasively characterize spatial localization and functional activity of mitochondria, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and intracellular calcium activity ([Ca2+]i) using rhodamine 123, JC-1 and Fluo-4, AM, respectively in bovine and canine in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes. Comparison of morphological grading with fluorescence intensity yielded similar trends between all grades of oocytes for both species with no visually obvious, distinct characteristic staining that would permit classification of each oocyte as a specific morphological grade. Our studies confirmed that oocyte mitochondria were homogeneously distributed but primarily localized to the peri- and sub-cortical regions of the oocyte at MII stage for both species. Further, heterogeneously polarized mitochondria were localized to the peri- and sub- cortical regions of the oocyte for both species. In bovine oocytes labeled with Fluo-4, AM, levels of [Ca2+]i were either unremarkable, or very low and limited to the peri-cortical areas, just beneath the oolema. For canine MII stage oocytes, levels of [Ca2+]i were within the same range of AFI as bovine. Ranges of fluorescence intensity compatible for optimal embryo development for bovine and optimal fertilization for canine oocytes were 30-300 and 20-35, and 20-30 and 20-25.5 for rhodamine 123 and Fluo-4, AM, respectively. The optimal range for bovine oocytes imaged with JC-1 was 1.25-2.25 and <6 for canine.

QC20100709

Traditional methods of oocyte selection for in vitro studies have proven inefficient with respect to achieving a level of predictability for competency. In this study, a novel method of oocyte selection was implemented that identified a relationship between oocyte morphological parameters (as defined by a ratio of a shape factor (SF) to average fluorescence intensity (AFI) and AFI, followed by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC) using the Well of Well (WOW) method to evaluate oocyte competency. Specifically, we used non-cytotoxic fluorescent molecular probes and multiphoton microscopy to non-invasively characterize spatial localization and functional activity of mitochondria, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and intracellular calcium activity ([Ca2+]i) using rhodamine 123, JC-1 and Fluo-4, AM, respectively in bovine and canine in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes. Comparison of morphological grading with fluorescence intensity yielded similar trends between all grades of oocytes for both species with no visually obvious, distinct characteristic staining that would permit classification of each oocyte as a specific morphological grade. Our studies confirmed that oocyte mitochondria were homogeneously distributed but primarily localized to the peri- and sub-cortical regions of the oocyte at MII stage for both species. Further, heterogeneously polarized mitochondria were localized to the peri- and sub- cortical regions of the oocyte for both species. In bovine oocytes labeled with Fluo-4, AM, levels of [Ca2+]i were either unremarkable, or very low and limited to the peri-cortical areas, just beneath the oolema. For canine MII stage oocytes, levels of [Ca2+]i were within the same range of AFI as bovine. Ranges of fluorescence intensity compatible for optimal embryo development for bovine and optimal fertilization for canine oocytes were 30-300 and 20-35, and 20-30 and 20-25.5 for rhodamine 123 and Fluo-4, AM, respectively. The optimal range for bovine oocytes imaged with JC-1 was 1.25-2.25 and <6 for canine.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1917. / "A private edition distributed by the University of Chicago libraries." "The trade edition is published by Psychological review co., 1917, reprinted from Psychological monographs, vol. XXIV, no. 4, October, 1917." Bibliography: p. 62-63.

Thesis--Boston University. / Vita. Photocopy of typescript. Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International, 1978. -- 22 cm. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-197).