Cette étude analyse le discours totalitaire à travers le prisme du personnage du Grand Inquisiteur dans quatre romans dystopiques : "Le Zéro et l’infini" d’Arthur Koestler, "1984" de George Orwell, "La Zone du Dehors" d’Alain Damasio et "2084" de Boualem Sansal. Il s’agira non seulement de comprendre la structure du discours totalitaire mais également la façon dont il interagit dans l’univers dystopique et avec les autres personnages. La méthode de recherche aborde ces questions de façon pluridisciplinaire afin de mieux analyser les aspects linguistiques, historiques et philosophiques au sein de la littérature dystopique. La thèse se découpe en trois grandes parties, elles-mêmes divisées en trois chapitres. Il s’agit d’étudier en premier lieu la parole hérétique qui s’oppose au dogme totalitaire, pour ensuite comprendre la manière dont le discours du Grand Inquisiteur impose son joug sur chaque individu. Enfin, la recherche aborde la dimension salvatrice de chacune des œuvres du corpus. A travers elles, les auteurs ne souhaitent pas uniquement tendre un miroir désespérant du monde mais aussi ouvrir des possibilités pour faire face aux dérives totalitaires qui peuvent être engendrée / This research analyses totalitarian’s speech from the Grand Inquisitor in four dystopia’s books: "Darkness at Noon" from Arthur Koestler, "1984" from George Orwell, "La Zone du Dehors" from Alain Damasio and "2084" from Boualem Sansal. This work studies the structure of the totalitarian’s speech and how he interacts with dystopia’s universe and their characters. Questioning will be treated through dystopia’s literature and from linguistical, historical and philosophical viewpoints. Thesis is divided in three parts, each one divided in three chapters. First part analyses heretic’s speech in opposition to totalitarian’s dogma. Second part studies how the Grand Inquisitor dominates everyone in the dystopia’s society. In fine, third part tries to find the saving dimension in corpus. In fact, writers don’t want to show only a dark future. Their books are maybe a message to fight against totalitarian’s excesses.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:21:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luana Martins Golin.pdf: 924884 bytes, checksum: d7a38f2abd677d7777009c4f7696c701 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Dostoevsky presents a criticism to materialism, power, and authority as constraint in The Grand Inquisitor . It is not possible to neglect that in this work he warns us of any kind of regime that suppresses freedom and hides suffering on behalf of human justice and happiness in order to turn human being into manipulable objects. Dostoevsky was influenced by Eastern Orthodox Mysticism and according to him freedom is the mark of God in human being. Freedom denying, as well as proposed in inquisitor antichrist kingdom, implicates a divine detachment which leads to nihilism. Thereby, the way proposed by Dostoevsky is of facing and accepting this tragic freedom, which is only fully experienced in Christ and at love practicing. / Em O Grande Inquisidor , Dostoiévski apresenta uma crítica ao materialismo, ao poder e à autoridade como constrangimento. Nesta obra, não se pode ignorar o alerta deixado por ele a qualquer tipo de regime que em nome da justiça e da felicidade humana suprime a liberdade e oculta o sofrimento de modo a transformar os seres humanos em objetos manipuláveis. Para Dostoiévski, influenciado pela mística ortodoxa oriental, a liberdade é a marca de Deus no ser humano. A negação da liberdade, como é proposta no reino do anticristo inquisidor, implica num distanciamento com o divino que levará ao niilismo. Neste sentido, o caminho proposto por Dostoiévski é o enfrentamento e a aceitação desta liberdade trágica, que só é vivida plenamente em Cristo e na prática do amor.

The Brothers Karamazov was the last novel of Dostoievski and for that reason is in way a sort of synthesis of his thinking. In the article there is a brief development of some key ideas as these: in matter of guilt, the attitude has more importance than action; everyone is guilty of everything before the eyes of everyone (universal guilt); suffering purifies the individual and acts as a remedy that promotes his spiritual elevation; freewill is central in human existence. But the novel is also a novel about a crime. Somebody is murdered and the readers will discover the perpetrator at the very end. 25% of the novel is devoted to technical legal matters: the instruction of the summary and the court trial. But what is most interesting is that an innocent is found guilty, because law had no other choice having into account the facts that are backed by evidence. It would be possible to find him not guilty, but for doing so it would be necessary to change the paradigm that is the backbone of modern criminal law. / Los hermanos Karamazov fue la última obra de Dostoievski, por lo que se convierte en una especie de síntesis de su pensamiento. En el artículo se abordan algunas de las ideas clave del autor, como que en materia de culpa, la actitud es más importante que la acción; que todos somos culpables de todo ante todos; que el dolor purifica y es como un remedio para la elevación espiritual del individuo; así como la reivindicación del libre albedrío. Pero la novela es también la historia de un crimen. El autor nos introduce en el misterio de una muerte, cuyo autor descubriremos al final. También contiene un 25% dedicado a la instrucción del proceso y al juicio oral. Pero lo más interesante es que un inocente es declarado culpable y es declarado culpable porque el derecho no podría obrar de otra manera tal como son presentados los hechos. Sería posible declararlo no culpable, pero para ello tendríamos que inventar otro paradigma del proceso penal.