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Paperboard is produced in a large and complex process where many parameters can affect its quality. The common methods of analysing paperboard quality are through traversing point-like sensors that only measure a very small fraction of the produced paperboard. Holmen Iggesund Paperboard has installed an IR-camera that measures the entire paperboard web and is looking for a tool to assess paperboard quality variation based on these measurements. The purpose of this thesis work is to develop such a tool. This was done through developing a user-friendly computer application (app) IR-measurement Analysis (IRMA). The app is designed to help the process engineers of Iggesunds mill assess the paperboard variability, which strongly correlates with its quality. The quality improvements of paperboard mainly concern eliminating irregularities in thickness, grammage, and moisture. In IRMA, theuser can prepare data, perform statistical analyses, execute a frequency analysis through Fast Fourier Transform and then compare the frequency peaks with the frequencies of possible sources for periodic process variation, for example rolls. Correlating frequency peaks and roll frequencies can indicate issues with rolls and make process engineers at the mill aware of maintenance needs. IRMA have been tested at the mill and these tests have indicated that IRMA can be beneficial in the process engineer’s daily quality control measures. Furthermore, a manual has been written and the process engineers will be thoroughly educated in the use of IRMA.

[pt] A Análise Isogeométrica (IGA) é um método de análise numérica de estruturas que surge com a proposta de unificação entre projeto e simulação, permitindo a criação de modelos computacionais que preservam a geometria exata do problema. Essa abordagem é possível por meio de uma classe de funções matemáticas denominadas NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines), amplamente utilizadas em sistemas CAD (Computer-Aided Design) para modelagem de curvas e superfícies. Na análise isogeométrica, as mesmas funções que representam a geometria aproximam as variáveis de campo. Neste contexto, foi desenvolvido este trabalho que tem como objetivo fornecer uma ferramenta no âmbito da mecânica computacional para análise isogeométrica bidimensional de problemas de elasticidade linear, incluindo as etapas de modelagem, análise e visualização de resultados. O sistema é composto por dois softwares: FEMEP (Finite Element Method Educational Computer Program), desenvolvido em Python e responsável pela etapa de modelagem geométrica, e FEMOOLab (Finite Element Method Object-Oriented Laboratory), software MATLAB para análise e exibição de resultados. A ferramenta proposta apresenta uma interface gráfica de usuário (GUI) que permite a visualização e manipulação intuitiva de curvas NURBS com recursos avançados de modelagem, como interseção de curvas e recursos de reconhecimento de região que agilizam e simplificam o processo. Uma contribuição significativa deste trabalho reside na capacidade de gerar malhas isogeométricas não estruturadas, utilizando T-Splines baseadas em um algoritmo de decomposição de domínio. O sistema de código aberto permite a colaboração e o desenvolvimento contínuo pela comunidade de usuários e desenvolvedores. / [en] Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) is a numerical analysis method for structures that arises with the proposal of unification between design and simulation, allowing the creation of computational models that preserve the exact geometry of the problem. This approach is possible by a class of mathematical functions called NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines), widely used in CAD (Computer-Aided Design) systems for modeling curves and surfaces. In isogeometric analysis, the same functions representing the geometry approximate the field variables. In this context, this work was developed to provide a tool within the scope of computational mechanics for two-dimensional isogeometric analysis of linear elasticity problems, including the steps of modeling, analysis, and visualization of results. The system consists of two software programs: FEMEP (Finite Element Method Educational Computer Program), developed in Python and responsible for the geometric modeling stage, and FEMOOLab (Finite Element Method Object-Oriented Laboratory), a MATLAB software for analysis and display of results. The proposed tool features a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows intuitive visualization and manipulation of NURBS curves with advanced modeling features such as curve intersection and region recognition features that streamline and simplify the process. A significant contribution of this work lies in the ability to generate non-structured isogeometric meshes, using T-Splines based on a domain decomposition algorithm. The open-source system allows collaboration and continuous development by the community of users and developers.

Designing good digital experiences for children can be difficult; designers have to consider children's cognitive and motor skill limitations, understand their target audience, create something entertaining and educational, comply with national and international jurisdiction, and at the same time appeal to parents. We set out to create a general framework which designers and developers can use as a foundation and testing ground for their digital products in the field of user experience. The methods used during the thesis include interviews, literature studies, user testing, case studies, personas, prototyping, and more. The results created are primarily user experience guidelines packaged in a Theoretical Framework, user testing conclusions, along with suggestions on improving the current Lego Star Wars: Force Builders application, a few in the form of prototypes.

Les écrans d'ordinateurs sont de très petite taille comparés à celles des jeux de donnés dans de nombreux domaines. Pour pallier au problème de visualisation de grandes quantités de données, les interfaces de navigation multi-échelles rendent possible l'exploration interactive des données, en facilitant la transition entre vues zoomées et dé-zoomées afin de permettre à l'utilisateur d'examiner les informations en détail ou de pouvoir les interpréter dans un contexte plus global. L'étude de ces interfaces est un domaine important de la recherche en Interaction Homme-Machine, et de nombreuses techniques de navigation ont été proposées lors des vingt dernières années. Nous proposons une nouvelle approche de conception pour les interfaces de navigation multi-échelles dîtes content-aware. Cette approche est basée sur l'adaptation dynamique d'éléments de l'interface au contenu de la scène que l'utilisateur est en train de visualiser, permettant ainsi de proposer des représentations plus pertinentes. Nous présentons trois nouvelles techniques de navigation basées sur cette approche de conception, qui montrent comment appliquer celle-ci pour traiter différents problèmes de navigation, aussi bien en 2D qu'en 3D. Nous présentons dans un premier temps Arealens et Pathlens, deux lentilles de grossissement 2D dont la forme va s'adapter à la géométrie des objets d'intérêts afin de proposer une meilleur intégration de la vue zoomée dans son contexte environnant. Une expérience de laboratoire contrôlée de Arealens met en évidence un gain de performance de ce type de lentille par rapport aux lentilles de grossissement classiques pour une tâche de recherche visuelle. Nous introduisons ensuite Gimlens, une lentille de grossissement 3D permettant l'exploration de modèles complexes. Gimlens permet d'identifier rapidement les objets d'intérêt de la scène, d'afficher des vues détaillées de ces objets, de parcourir des orbites autour de ceux-ci et de les mettre en perspective dans leur contexte environnant. L'utilisateur peut également combiner les lentilles pour afficher simultanément différentes vues complémentaires de la scène / Computer screens are very small compared to the size of large information spaces that arise in many domains. The visualization of such datasets requires multiscale navigation capabilities, enabling users to switch between zoomed-in detailed views and zoomed-out contextual views of the data. Designing interfaces that allow users to quickly identify objects of interest, get detailed views of those objects, relate them and put them in a broader spatial context, raise challenging issues. Multi-scale interfaces have been the focus of much research effort over the last twenty years.There are several design approaches to address multiscale navigation issues. In this thesis, we review and categorize these approaches according to their level of content awareness. We identify two main approaches: content-driven, which optimizes interfaces for navigation in specific content; and content-agnostic, that applies to any type of data. We introduce the content-aware design approach, which dynamically adapts the interface to the content. The latter design approach can be used to design multiscale navigation techniques both in 2D or 3D spaces. We introduce Arealens and Pathlens, two content-aware fisheye lenses that dynamically adapt their shape to the underlying content to better preserve the visual aspect of objects of interest. We describe the techniques and their implementation, and report on a controlled experiment that evaluates the usability of Arealens compared to regular fisheye lenses, showing clear performance improvements with the new technique for a multiscale visual search task. We introduce a new distortion-oriented presentation library enabling the design of fisheye lenses featuring several foci of arbitrary shapes. Then, we introduce Gimlens, a multi-view detail-in-context visualization technique that enables users to navigate complex 3D models by drilling holes into their outer layers to reveal objects that are buried into the scene. Gimlens adapts to the geometry of objects of interest so as to better manage visual occlusion problems, selection mechanism and coordination of lenses.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DiegoHOS_DISSERT.pdf: 2899752 bytes, checksum: d3160b774efd6749eced9bb34d4a74cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Using formal methods, the developer can increase software s trustiness and correctness. Furthermore, the developer can concentrate in the functional requirements of the software. However, there are many resistance in adopting this software development approach. The main reason is the scarcity of adequate, easy to use, and useful tools. Developers typically write code and test it. These tests usually consist of executing the program and checking its output against its requirements. This, however, is not always an exhaustive discipline. On the other side, using formal methods one might be able to investigate the system s properties further. Unfortunately, specification languages do not always have tools like animators or simulators, and sometimes there are no friendly Graphical User Interfaces. On the other hand, specification languages usually have a compiler which normally generates a Labeled Transition System (LTS). This work proposes an application that provides graphical animation for formal specifications using the LTS as input. The application initially supports the languages B, CSP, and Z. However, using a LTS in a specified XML format, it is possible to animate further languages. Additionally, the tool provides traces visualization, the choices the user did, in a graphical tree. The intention is to improve the comprehension of a specification by providing information about errors and animating it, as the developers do for programming languages, such as Java and C++. / Usando m?todos formais, o desenvolvedor pode aumentar a confiabilidade e corretude do software. Al?m disso, o desenvolvedor pode concentrar-se mais nos requisitos funcionais. Por?m h? muita resist?ncia em se adotar essa abordagem de desenvolvimento de software. A raz?o principal e a escassez de suporte ferramental adequado, ?til e de f?cil utiliza??o. Os desenvolvedores normalmente escrevem o c?digo e o testam. Estes testes geralmente consistem em checar se as sa?das est?o de acordo com os requisitos. Isto, contudo, nem sempre e poss?vel de maneira exaustiva. Por outro lado, usando M?todos Formais um desenvolvedor e capaz de investigar profundamente as propriedades do sistema. Infelizmente, linguagens de especifica??o formal nem sempre possuem ferramentas como animador ou simulador e ?s vezes n?o h? interfaces gr?ficas amig?veis. Por?m, algumas dessas ferramentas possuem um compilador, que gera um Sistema de Transi??es Rotuladas (LTS). A proposta deste trabalho ? desenvolver um aplicativo que fornece anima??o gr?fica para especifica??es formais usando o LTS como entrada. O aplicativo inicialmente suporta as as linguagens B, CSP e Z. Usando o LTS em um formato XML especificado ? poss?vel animar outras linguagens formais. Adicionalmente a ferramenta disponibiliza visualiza??o de traces, escolhas feitas pelo usu?rio, em um formato de ?rvore gr?fica. A inten??o ? melhorar a compreens?o de uma especifica??o, fornecendo informa??es sobre erros e animando-a, como os desenvolvedores fazem com linguagens de programa??o como Java e C++.

Många företag har idag intranät som misslyckas med att möta användarnas behov och det mest förekommande klagomålet är att användarna inte hittar vad de letar efter. Detta leder till att företagen tappar både tid och pengar på att ha personal som inte kan nyttja systemet på ett effektivt sätt, vilket ofta leder till dyra utbildningskostnader och produktivitetsförluster. Den främsta anledningen till att information inte hittas är att det saknas en konsekvent navigation som ger tydliga indikationer på vart användaren ska ta sig för att finna det den letar efter. Design och struktur i gränssnitt spelar även en stor roll för hur användarna förstår och tolkar gränssnitt och ett klassiskt tillvägagångsätt för designers är att utveckla utifrån datorparadigmets grafiska gränssnitt, vars bekymmer oftast är att de tenderar att bli visuellt giriga och minneskrävande. Idag sker även en stark utveckling av mobila enheter och hur dess gränssnitt kan optimeras för att underlätta för användaren till den mobila kontexten och de begränsningar det medför. För att göra detta bör designers utveckla naturliga interaktioner vilket ska främja den kognitiva belastningen. I denna studie undersöks därför hur designriktlinjer för naturliga interaktioner och mobilitet påverkar användbarheten och användarvänligheten för arbete i en stationär datormiljö. Studien har genomförts på uppdrag av CLX Networks som skapar lösningar för bland annat sms, röst och data. Uppdraget har inneburit att förbättra företagets intranäts meny som ansetts bristfällig av CLX. I denna studie genomfördes först ett användartest på CLXs befintliga intranäts meny samt fem stycken intervjuer med de som arbetar med support som använder systemet, inom huvudområdena hittbarhet, handlingsbarhet, användbarhet och mobil användarvänlighet. Vidare gjordes en struktureringsmetod för att låta informanterna själva visualisera en tänkt meny. Resultaten från den empiriska studien användes för att skapa en interaktiv prototyp. Designprinciper för hittbarhet, handlingsbarhet, användbarhet och naturliga interaktioner har nyttjats i skapandet av den nya menyn. Utifrån de undersökningar som har genomförts i denna studie har det framkommit att designprinciper för naturlig interaktion och mobilitet har en positiv inverkan på användarvänligheten gällande menyn i grafiska gränssnitt i en stationär datormiljö. Studien visar även att en kombination av de två synsätten, naturliga interaktioner och datorparadigmet underlättar användandet och den kognitiva belastning som tidigare var ett bekymmer för de anställda. / Today many companies have intranet failing to meet the users need and the most frequent complaint is that users do not find what they are looking for. This leads companies to lose both time and money on having employees that are unable to utilize the system in a sufficient manner, which often leads to expensive educational costs and loss of productivity. The primary reason that information is not found is that there is a lack of a consistent navigation tool that clearly indicates where the user should go to find what he/she is looking for. Design and structure in an interface plays a large role when it comes to how users understand and interpret an interface. However, the difficulty is that it tends to be visually disruptive and provide a cognitive load. Currently are a strong development of mobile devices taking place and questions are raised regarding how these interfaces can be optimized to make it easier for the user. Especially, when it comes to the mobile context and the limitations it causes. To make it easier are designers advised to develop natural interactions which are supposed to ease the cognitive load. This study therefore explores how design principles stemming from natural interactions, together with the mobility, affect the usability and ease of use for work in a desktop environment. The study has been conducted upon request of CLX Networks, a company that provide solutions for, among others, sms, voice and data. The assignment has entailed suggestions of improvements of the company’s intranet menu, which has been considered as inadequate by CLX. In this study, a user test of CLX’s current intranet menu was performed as well as five interviews with employees that work and use the system. The interviews concerned the topics of findability, actability, usability and mobile usability. Continuously was a card sorting performed to let the informants themselves visualize a proposed menu. The results from the empirical investigation were used to create an interactive prototype. Design principles from findability, actability, usability and natural interactions have been utilized in the creation of the new menu. Based on the investigations performed in this study is it possible to conclude that design principles from natural interactions and the mobility have a positive influence on ease of use concerning the menu in the graphical interface in a desktop environment. The study also confirms that a combination of the two viewpoints, natural interactions and desktop paradigm that facilitate the usage and cognitive load, which previously was troublesome for the employees.

The amount and variety of visual information presented on electronic displays is ever-increasing. Finding and acquiring relevant information in the most effective manner possible is of course desirable. While there are advantages to presenting a large number of information objects on a screen at the same time, it can also hinder fast detection of objects of interest. One way of addressing that problem is Voice Assisted Visual Search (VAVS). A user supported by VAVS calls out an object of interest and is immediately guided to the object by a highlighting cue. This thesis is an initial study of the VAVS user interface technique. The findings suggest that VAVS is a promising approach, supported by theory and practice. A working prototype shows that locating objects of interest can be sped up significantly, requiring only half the amount of time taken without the use of VAVS, on average. / Voice-Assisted Visual Search

This thesis studies how one can convey meaning in games by utilising pictorial feedback alone. With the help of Peircean visual semiotics the signs for the case study Among Ripples are assembled and later analysed in detail. As a subtopic the thesis also explores if it is possible to embed pictorial feedback into the game world instead of having it superimposed. The results showed that it is possible to convey some feedback with pictorial means alone, and that the entry points for understanding are not the same between different people. They look at different cues from the pictorial feedback constructed.

Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou návrhu vysokoúrovňového jazyka pro popis grafického uživatelského rozhraní. Teoretická část rozebírá současné technologie uživatelských rozhraní zejména pro stanovení požadavků na nový jazyk. Z těchto poznatků násladně jsou shrnuty zásadní požadavky, které se nutně musí zakomponovat při návrhu samotného jazyka. Jsou zde zmíněny i požadavky z pohledu osob se specifickými vzdělávacími potřebami dle tzv. návrhových principů \textit{počítačové terapie}. Následně práce dle analyzovaných požadavků navrhuje jazyk pro vysokoúrovňový popis uživatelského rozraní. Součástí návrhu jazyka je také popis algoritmu pro kompozici jednotlivých komponent definovaných v jazyce do výsledného uživatelského prostředí. Navržený jazyk je implementován v programovacím jazyce C\#. Implementace je demonstrována na reprezentativních příkladech. Nakonec se práce věnuje dalším možným rozšířením jazyka.