The Great Lakes region covers central, eastern and some parts of southern Africa. It is situated strategically in the middle of the African continent and its stability, peace and development is imperative for the African continent. Inter and Intra-state conflicts have gone on in the region for the past couple of decades. These conflicts, which threatened to become a regional war, seem to have come to an end, but have left terrible reminders including the presence of masses of internally displaced persons. Various attempts have been made within the Great Lakes at state and regional level to address the issue of internal displacement. This study has highlighted these attempts while outlining the major setbacks and the gaps manifesting in existing institutional and legal framework. The study further has proposed the need for a comprehensive legal framework which should among other things codify the standards of protection; provide for the means and institutions of coordinating protection and assistance in all phases of displacement; serve as a legal basis for coordinating various regional and international actors and agencies involved in providing protection and assistance for internally displaced persons in Africa; highlight the measure or level of political will to achieve this; and finally provide means of monitoring such protection and assistance and ensure compliance by states. The study has also highlighted that existing frameworks, legal and institutional within the Great Lakes region and through additional aid from international mechanisms and actors are not adequate to resolve the issue of internal displacement within the region permanently and find durable solutions to millions of people laboring from protracted displacement. The study suggests alternative reliance on African systems and their conceptual contribution to the resolution of conflict and displacement in Africa and the Great Lakes in particular. The Final part of the study looks at national attempts to address the problem of internal displacement. Kenya and Uganda are discussed and contrasted in depth whilst highlighting their similarities and differences in addressing internal displacement. Both countries have at one point or the other experienced internal displacement, although not necessarily on the same scale, dynamics, time frame or even severity. They both seem to have taken incredible steps to address the issue of internal displacement including drafting policies, laws as well as assigning responsibilities for the displaced to specific ministries of government. Internally displaced persons in both countries seem to be in the process of returning home, even though at very different scales, and not always necessarily as a durable solution. These two countries have been used as case studies for identifying the domestic process of addressing internal displacement as well as determining the degree of comprehensiveness of the frameworks set up to address internal displacement. / Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Jurisprudence / unrestricted

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This dissertation is an exploration of everyday social interactions among and between migrants from the Great Lakes Region and South Africans, who live together as neighbours in a post-apartheid South African community. It focuses on the ways through which migrants who are diverse among themselves forge social relations with one another and with the South Africans in an urban township of lower middle class setting. It is an ethnography that interrogates the understandings of belonging and difference in concrete arenas of interaction in these two groups, and how they both mediate their diversity encounters in everyday life.

Yes / Sida requested the Helpdesk to present a ‘snapshot’ and analysis of the problem of conflict minerals in the Great Lakes region, and particularly of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In anticipation of instructions in the forthcoming country/results strategy for the DRC, Sida will use the report in order to identify possible Swedish efforts in the field. Sida requested that report should be presented with both a perspective on the Great Lakes region in general, as well as a more detailed analysis of the situation in DRC in a regional perspective.

<p> Chemical data from atmospheric precipitation in the Upper Great Lakes region were collected on a monthly basis by various organizations from late 1972 to late 1975. The data for pairs of chemical parameters are regarded as simultaneously recorded time series and are analyzed by spectral analysis to bring out periodic components present in both time series and also to reflect the correlation and phase difference between the pairs of time series.</p> <p> The precipitation data have four major bands of periodicities: (1) a yearly cycle representing high and low atmospheric loadings in the summer and winter respectively with regards to Fe, PART, SO4 and P; (2) a 6 monthly period reflecting the four seasons of the year and affecting Fe, PART, P and pH; (3) a 9 monthly period for the heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb and Zn); and (4) 2 to 5 cycles/month periodicities caused by atmospheric turbulence and affecting all the parameters.</p> <p> The mining-smelting industry at Sudbury has been identified as a major point source of atmospheric emissions of acid, sulfate and the heavy metals, with the exception of iron, This is evident in view of the facts that the spectral intensities at the major periodicities decrease away from the mining-smelting centre; the strikingly high correlation and practically inphase relationship between Cu and Ni, and the 9 monthly period for the heavy metals which is associated with the industry.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

No description available.

Practical theology has society as its horizon and should not be limited to a clerical paradigm because Christianity is not limited to a church but its horizon is the whole of society. In line with this understanding of practical theology, this study is a contribution to Christian education for a culture of peace in the Great Lakes region (the DRC, Rwanda and Burundi). Millions of people have been slaughtered in this region where Christianity is the main religion. The Church in this region has lost its credibility and is seen as contributing to a culture of violence through its church leaders and parishioners. This study focuses on the research question: Can teaching twofold love contribute to a culture of peace in the Great Lakes region? The thesis has empirically argued that the cause of turmoil in the Great Lakes region is the lack of twofold love, which has disguised itself in all evils known in the region, such as corruption, hegemony, predation, indirect rule, divide and rule, tribalism, fetishism, mass killings, prostitution, over-trust in modernism and breaking God's Ten Commandments, more than anything else. Humankind finds it difficult to love the neighbour like oneself and this lack of neighbourly love causes unrest in this region. The discussion in chapter three has empirically demonstrated through educational psychology that teaching is love of the learner. Therefore, an effective teacher should be able to give loving care to the learner's spiritual, physical and social needs, in a specific context. This is what Jesus did through verbal and behavioural media (Byrskog, 1994: 321). Such a liberationist teaching that should avoid pouring socially irrelevant knowledge on the learner is still an urgent need in the Great Lakes region. Christian education in this region has been learnt in a rote manner without educating Christians to be problem solvers. The fourth chapter makes practical suggestions on how to deal with the dilemmas of teaching Christian education in the region. Thus the study has empirically confirmed the research hypothesis that an effective teaching of twofold love can contribute to a culture of peace in the Great Lakes region. / Practical Theology / D. Th. (Practical Theology)

Practical theology has society as its horizon and should not be limited to a clerical paradigm because Christianity is not limited to a church but its horizon is the whole of society. In line with this understanding of practical theology, this study is a contribution to Christian education for a culture of peace in the Great Lakes region (the DRC, Rwanda and Burundi). Millions of people have been slaughtered in this region where Christianity is the main religion. The Church in this region has lost its credibility and is seen as contributing to a culture of violence through its church leaders and parishioners. This study focuses on the research question: Can teaching twofold love contribute to a culture of peace in the Great Lakes region? The thesis has empirically argued that the cause of turmoil in the Great Lakes region is the lack of twofold love, which has disguised itself in all evils known in the region, such as corruption, hegemony, predation, indirect rule, divide and rule, tribalism, fetishism, mass killings, prostitution, over-trust in modernism and breaking God's Ten Commandments, more than anything else. Humankind finds it difficult to love the neighbour like oneself and this lack of neighbourly love causes unrest in this region. The discussion in chapter three has empirically demonstrated through educational psychology that teaching is love of the learner. Therefore, an effective teacher should be able to give loving care to the learner's spiritual, physical and social needs, in a specific context. This is what Jesus did through verbal and behavioural media (Byrskog, 1994: 321). Such a liberationist teaching that should avoid pouring socially irrelevant knowledge on the learner is still an urgent need in the Great Lakes region. Christian education in this region has been learnt in a rote manner without educating Christians to be problem solvers. The fourth chapter makes practical suggestions on how to deal with the dilemmas of teaching Christian education in the region. Thus the study has empirically confirmed the research hypothesis that an effective teaching of twofold love can contribute to a culture of peace in the Great Lakes region. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Practical Theology)

One tool of the economic planner is Benefit Cost Analysis (BCA). This model's accuracy in describing human behavior has been criticized, particularly for uncertain and intertemporal choices. To the extent this holds, the model will be inaccurate in assessing benefits of shoreline protection measures and will provide reduced insight into policy choices. From a review of economic, psychology and geography literature, three points of criticism are: - when faced with losses, individuals tend not to be averse to risk, - when faced with low probability hazards, individuals tend to ignore the hazard altogether (truncate low probability), - when faced with choices over time, individuals have different rates at which they trade off benefits now versus later. Typically, applications of BCA do not account for these observations. The main objective of the study was to determine whether these criticisms are supported, and to draw conclusions regarding government policy for the flooding and erosion hazards on the Lakes. A Benefit Cost model was formulated to describe the individual shoreline property owner's behavior with respect to undertaking structural measures to mitigate flooding and/or erosion. To test the model, property owners on Lakes Erie, Ontario and Michigan were surveyed by mail. Experimental questions, focussing on the intertemporal and uncertain nature of the hazard protection choice were developed. The econometric analysis suggested that: - individuals varied in their time preference rate, - the probability of low chance events was truncated by many respondents, - on average respondents were not risk averse, and - the above phenomena helped explain the choice to take protective action. Using a market rate for discounting in the BCA can provide inaccurate benefit estimates. Observed time preference rates may provide a better measure. Subsidized hazard insurance has been suggested to encourage self protection. Disregard for low probabilities, coupled with a lack of risk aversion, suggest such a program would not be successful. Subsidized loans for shore protection may be unsuccessful. Many people displayed a time preference rate above the market loan rate, yet they did not borrow. Information programs may be useful in promoting a better understanding of the hazards which may be faced by residents. / Ph. D.

<p>Currently, one of the most dramatic threats to human security is constituted by internal armed conflicts. In 1998, violent conflicts took place in at least 25 countries. Of these armed conflicts, 23 were internal, engaging one or more non-State armed groups. A crucial feature of internal conflicts is the widespread violation of humanitarian law and human rights by armed groups, from rebel groups to private militias. This thesis aimed at identifying various ways of promoting a better implementation of the Geneva Conventions and its Protocols by NSAGs in the Great Lakes Region.</p>

<p>Currently, one of the most dramatic threats to human security is constituted by internal armed conflicts. In 1998, violent conflicts took place in at least 25 countries. Of these armed conflicts, 23 were internal, engaging one or more non-State armed groups. A crucial feature of internal conflicts is the widespread violation of humanitarian law and human rights by armed groups, from rebel groups to private militias. This thesis aimed at identifying various ways of promoting a better implementation of the Geneva Conventions and its Protocols by NSAGs in the Great Lakes Region.</p>