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Um modelo psicanalítico para pensar e fazer grupos em instituições / A psychoanalytical model for thinking and doing groups in various types of organizationsCastanho, Pablo de Carvalho Godoy 11 May 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Psychologists and other professionals have been increasingly asked to conduct groups in various types of organizations: health and social services, schools, companies etc... On the other hand, several well respected group theories were designed for group work in private practice and are thus not prepared to properly address such organizational environments and demands. But beyond the technical dimension, the ethical principles of such work must be addressed. Based on a psychoanalytical perspective, our stand is that such groups should aim at promoting spaces where experiences, lived in social situations, can be appropriated by symbolization, and, at the same time, should contribute to organizational and social changes whenever excessive suffering is produced and reproduced. We believe that the psychoanalytical technique can guide us thru the reflection about how groups can achieve such goals. On these lines, this thesis general goal is to propose the basis for a psychoanalytical model which could comprehend every psychological related group practice in organizations and which offers parameters to both establishing group s pertinence to each organizational context and providing for a detailed discussion of its conduction. Our method is mainly theoretical in which Pichon-Rivière s concept of task is central as we take it as a touching stone that a group task must absolutely be aligned with the organizational primary task in all cases. We employ key concepts form René Kaës to bridge group and psychoanalysis, allowing for a comprehensive psychoanalytical debate. From this debate, the main elements of our model emerge. We take the learning operative group and the group with mediating objects (highlighting the Fotolanguage©, as discussed by Vacheret) as the two group strategies (settings) of reference to all of our work. We propose that the transference with the task can be independent from the transference with a group conductor and that it selectively attracts psychic elements connected to certain social dimensions. We approach the problem of interventions in the group in terms of transference with the task interpretations and uses of parameters (according to Eissler´s terminology). Towards the end of the thesis, we will present three group strategies discussed in supervisions which shall illustrate and dialog with our ideas. We can thus establish the foundations of what we call Task Centered Psychoanalytical Groups / A demanda para que psicólogos e outros profissionais assumam o trabalho de coordenação de grupos em contextos institucionais tem crescido na atualidade. No entanto, muitas teorias de grupo foram desenvolvidas para o trabalho em consultório privado e estão pouco preparadas para responder a essas demandas institucionais. Este problema técnico exige um posicionamento ético. Baseados em uma perspectiva psicanalítica, nossa posição é a de que tais grupos devem promover espaços de apropriação, pela simbolização, das experiências vividas em instituições e, ao mesmo tempo (no plano vincular), contribuir para mudanças institucionais ali onde se produzem e se reproduzem sofrimentos excessivos. Entendemos que a técnica da clínica psicanalítica pode nos guiar para pensar a técnica de grupos com tais objetivos. Esta tese tem, portanto, o objetivo geral de construir as bases de um modelo psicanalítico que possa abranger todas as práticas psi com grupos em instituições, propondo parâmetros para estabelecer a pertinência de cada grupo a seu contexto institucional e para uma discussão detalhada de sua coordenação. Nosso método é sobretudo teórico, no qual o conceito de tarefa, tomado de Pichon-Rivière, impõe-se como elemento central na medida em que consideramos absolutamente fundamental que a tarefa de um grupo seja consonante com a tarefa primária da instituição onde ocorre. Utilizamos conceitos-chave do pensamento de René Kaës como ponte entre a psicanálise e o grupo, possibilitando um amplo debate psicanalítico do qual emergem as bases do modelo. Identificaremos os grupos operativos de aprendizagem e os grupos com objetos mediadores (destacando a Fotolinguagem©, tal como concebida por Vacheret no segundo) como os dois dispositivos de referência em nosso trabalho. Propomos pensar a transferência com a tarefa do grupo como independente da transferência com o coordenador, e descreveremos sua força de atração específica de elementos do psiquismo ligados à dimensão institucional. Podemos assim abordar a problemática das intervenções nos grupos em termos de manejos e interpretações na/da transferência com a tarefa. Rumo ao final da tese, far-se-á a apresentação e análise de três dispositivos de grupo em situação de supervisão que ilustrarão e problematizarão nossas ideias. Esperamos estabelecer, deste modo, os alicerces do que denominamos Grupos Psicanalíticos Centrados em uma Tarefa
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An investigation into an experiential approach to training in group psychotherapySewpershad, Narropi 00 December 1900 (has links)
High-quality group psychotherapy training is considered more important than ever in the current mental health care environment. With the need for ongoing education and development in the field of group psychotherapy, concern has been raised regarding the lack of group psychotherapy training guidelines for trainee psychologists. Findings from numerous empirical studies show that at present, most training courses often maintain a rather unstructured format for fostering an experiential group process. The literature suggests that without standardized course objectives, students are vulnerable to harm, they are ill equipped to meet professional demands, and trainers are not provided with adequate guidelines for instruction.
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the relevant literature in order to describe the principles of group psychotherapy as they manifest in group interaction, and to compare the subjective experiences of trainee group psychotherapists with the findings from the literature. The aim of this investigation was to generate hypotheses about the effectiveness of the use of an experiential group as a training medium, in group psychotherapy. Further objectives included exploring the merits of an experiential approach to training in group psychotherapy, and identifying factors that could potentially aid/hinder trainee development.
In order to adhere to the objectives of the investigation, a qualitative, exploratory research design was used. Data for the study was gathered by means of a client-centered interview conducted with five group psychotherapy trainees who received training in a Clinical Psychology Masters program. In addition, these trainees were also required to complete a semi-structured questionnaire. The interview focused on how the trainees' subjective, affective experiences influenced their perceptions of the qualitative aspects of group life, while the questionnaire was designed to elicit information about the ways in which trainees cognitively conceptualized their understanding of group process, group dynamics and group facilitation skills. The results of the study were analysed through the qualitative method of content analysis.
Results showed that, while trainees may have perceived that they gained tremendous benefits through exposure to the experiential group, an analysis of their interaction patterns highlighted certain areas which can be considered problematic. For example, it was found that trainees did not have a theoretical understanding of group process and group dynamics, and were therefore, not equipped with the necessary skills required to facilitate groups. This is further substantiated by the finding that the group facilitator had a pervasive influence on the development of the individual trainee and on the development of the group as a whole. Furthermore, results obtained raised certain concerns regarding the suitability and adequacy of using an experiential group as a tool for training, in group psychotherapy.
The research findings suggest that, while the experiential group may provide the trainee with an invaluable experience, it alone is insufficient as a training method, in group psychotherapy. This study also raises questions about the ethics of such a training program in its current form. One of the major conclusions of this investigation is that there is a need for ongoing research and evaluation of the training programs.
Finally, recommendations are made for improving the group psychotherapy training experience. These recommendations are based on the evaluation of the trainees' subjective experiences / Psychology / (M.A.(Clinical Psychology))
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