Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

The present study is designed to utilize a multiple dimension approach to the study of group structure. It will investigate the relationship between psychetele and sociotele choice status and personality development.

This study is designed to investigate the nature of the group structure at the Parkland Hospital School of Nursing, Dallas, Texas.

Radical chemistry has always been a very active area of research. This is due to the fact that radicals are both very numerous in variety and very reactive. A radical is any chemical species that possesses one or more unpaired electrons. These unpaired electrons usually lead to the extremely reactive characteristics of the chemical species. This reactivity can be beneficial; this is true in the case of polymer chemistry. For instance, some plastics are synthesized through a radical chain reaction. In addition, radicals are used in the synthesis of novel organic compounds with the goal of creating new pharmaceuticals. Radical reactivity can be detrimental as well; radicals have been implicated in a number of ailments including heart disease and cancer. One particular view of cancer cells is that their DNA is somehow mutated; a radical could cause this mutation. In fact, one radical species in particular is known to oxidize DNA, the hydroxyl radical.Unfortunately, the electronic structures of most radicals do not lend themselves to direct study by modem spectroscopic methods. Recently, researchers have discovered that hydroxyl radical, being very reactive in nature, easily complexes with other species. If these complexes are spectrosopically active, then we can study the radical reactivity indirectly through a "reporter" molecule. One such approach uses the transient visible absorbance of the complexes of hydroxyl radical with the thiocyanate anion. In addition, there is other experimental evidence that suggests that thiocyanate anion complexes with other radicals as well. These experiments have been very successful in improving our understanding of radical chemistry, but very little is known about the electronic structure or connectivities of these complexes.Our research is comprised of a systematic theoretical study of the structure, vibrational frequencies, and spectroscopic properties of complexes of hydroxyl radical with thiocyanate anion. In addition, we will investigate the structures, vibrational frequencies, and spectroscopic properties of complexes of thiocyanate anion and other radical species.The ultimate goal of our research is to determine the feasibility of utilizing thiocyanate anion as an LFP reporter for radical species other than hydroxyl radical.Our theoretical approach is based in computerized, mathematical models of the properties of the species being studied, based on quantum mechanics and density functional theory as implemented in the computational chemistry software Gaussian 03. Our study includes calculations that provide the energies, optimized geometry, vibrational frequencies, charge and spin densities, and other properties of the various species. This consists of the various isolated radicals and anions, complexes, transitions states, pre-reactive complexes, and structural isomers. / Department of Chemistry

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-11-20T12:21:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Leidiene Ferreira Santos - 2014.pdf: 1464795 bytes, checksum: a33fb9519c60d3cf61640cfb6114f5e6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-11-20T14:36:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Leidiene Ferreira Santos - 2014.pdf: 1464795 bytes, checksum: a33fb9519c60d3cf61640cfb6114f5e6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-20T14:36:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Leidiene Ferreira Santos - 2014.pdf: 1464795 bytes, checksum: a33fb9519c60d3cf61640cfb6114f5e6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / INTRODUCTION: the growth of the elderly population set up a worldwide phenomenon. In this scenario it is essential the establishment of strategies that consider the characteristics of old age and are aimed at maintaining the biopsychosocial health and quality of life of the elderly. Searches recommend the use of group activities as a tool that promotes learning that encourage socialization, make possible interpersonal relationships, contributes to adaptation and change in living habits of the elderly. But for that, this activity must meet the assumptions of group dynamics, ie, being implemented in response to the needs of the group members. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: to analyze the participation in group of health promotion as a strategy to improve the quality of life in elderly. METHODS: quantitative research approach, performed with elderly enrolled in a Primary Care Unit Family Health, participants (G1) and nonparticipants (G2) of group health promotion. Data were collected from june to october 2012, using an instrument with sociodemographic questions, and the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD. Subsequently were entered and analyzed in software Stata version 11.0. To evaluate factors associated with QoL, were used multiple linear regression. The level of significance was set at 5 %. RESULTS: the elderly group G1 had higher mean of QoL scores in all domains of the WHOQOL-BREF, not being statistically significant only the result obtained in the psychological domain. The lowest score for the two groups, G1 and G2, in the WHOQOLBREF, was obtained in the field "environment" (G1: 60.2 ±11.2, G2: 50.5 ±12.2). The G1 group also had higher mean scores and statistically significant in facets "Past, present and future activities" (G1: 69.7, SD: 11.7, G2: 59.2, SD: 15.0) and "Social participation" (G1: 72.4 ±11.2, G2: 55.6 ±16.3). Join group was significantly associated with better QoL scores in the "physical", "social relations" and "environment" domains, and the facets "Past, present and future activities" and "Social participation”. CONCLUSION: participation in group of health promotion supports improvements to various aspects of QoL of the elderly, especially those related to social inclusion and establishment/maintenance of interpersonal relationships. Thus the group is a resource that should be used by health professionals to promote and protect the health of the elderly because it allows break situations of loneliness and gives opportunity to forge new bonds of friendship and social support networks. / INTRODUÇÃO: o crescimento da população idosa configura-se um fenômeno mundial. Nesse cenário é imprescindível o estabelecimento de estratégias que considerem as características da velhice e sejam direcionadas à manutenção da saúde biopsicossocial e qualidade de vida do idoso. Pesquisas recomendam o uso de atividades grupais como ferramenta que favorece a aprendizagem, possibilita a socialização, viabiliza relações interpessoais, contribui para adaptação e mudança nos hábitos de vida dos idosos. Mas, para tanto, essa atividade deve atender a pressupostos da dinâmica de grupo e ser implementada em resposta às necessidades dos integrantes do grupo. OBJETIVO GERAL: analisar a participação em grupo de promoção da saúde como estratégia para melhorar a qualidade de vida de idosos. METODOLOGIA: pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, realizada com idosos cadastrados em uma Unidade de Atenção Básica à Saúde da Família, participantes (G1) e não participantes (G2) de grupo de promoção da saúde. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de junho a outubro de 2012, por meio de um instrumento com questões sociodemográficas, e pelos WHOQOL-BREF e WHOQOL-OLD. Posteriormente, foram digitados e analisados no software Stata versão 11.0. Para avaliar os fatores associados à QV utilizou-se a regressão linear múltipla. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: os idosos do grupo G1 obtiveram maiores médias de escores de QV em todos os domínios do WHOQOL-BREF, não sendo estatisticamente significante somente o resultado obtido no domínio psicológico. A menor pontuação para os dois grupos, G1 e G2, no WHOQOL-BREF, foi obtida no domínio “meio ambiente” (G1: 60,2 e ±11,2; G2: 50,5 ±12,2). O grupo G1 também apresentou escores médios mais altos e estatisticamente significantes nas facetas “Atividades passadas, presentes e futuras” (G1: 69,7 ±11,7; G2: 59,2 ±,0) e “participação social” (G1: 72,4 ±11,2; G2: 55,6 ±16,3). Participar do grupo foi significativamente associado a melhores escores de QV nos domínios “físico”, “relações sociais” e “meio ambiente”, e nas facetas “atividades passadas, presentes e futuras” e “participação social. CONCLUSÃO: A participação em grupo de promoção da saúde favorece melhorias em diversos aspectos da QV dos idosos, especialmente os relacionados a inclusão social e estabelecimento/manutenção de relacionamento interpessoal. Sendo assim, o grupo é um recurso que pode ser usado por profissionais da saúde para promoção e proteção da saúde do idoso, pois permite romper com situações de solidão e oportuniza estabelecer novos vínculos de amizade e redes sociais de apoio.

No description available.

Numerical simulation is becoming increasingly used to support theoretical effort into understanding the turbulence problem. We develop theoretical ideas related to the transfer and dissipation of energy, which clarify long-standing issues with the energy balance in isotropic turbulence. These ideas are supported by results from large scale numerical simulations. Due to the large number of degrees of freedom required to capture all the interacting scales of motion, the increase in computational power available has only recently allowed flows of interest to be realised. A parallel pseudo-spectral code for the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of isotropic turbulence has been developed. Some discussion is given on the challenges and choices involved. The DNS code has been extensively benchmarked by reproducing well established results from literature. The DNS code has been used to conduct a series of runs for freely-decaying turbulence. Decay was performed from a Gaussian random field as well as an evolved velocity field obtained from forced simulation. Since the initial condition does not describe developed turbulence, we are required to determine when the field can be considered to be evolved and measurements are characteristic of decaying turbulence. We explore the use of power-law decay of the total energy and compare with the use of dynamic quantities such as the peak dissipation rate, maximum transport power and velocity derivative skewness. We then show how this choice of evolved time affects the measurement of statistics. In doing so, it is found that the Taylor dissipation surrogate, u^3 / L, is a better surrogate for the maximum inertial flux than dissipation. Stationary turbulence has also been investigated, where we ensure that the energy input rate remains constant for all runs and variation is only introduced by modifying the fluid viscosity (and lattice size). We present results for Reynolds numbers up to Rλ = 335 on a 1024^3 lattice. Using different methods of vortex identification, the persistence of intermittent structure in an ensemble average is considered and shown to be reduced as the ensemble size increases. The longitudinal structure functions are computed for smaller lattices directly from an ensemble of realisations of the real-space velocity field. From these, we consider the generalised structure functions and investigate their scaling exponents using direct analysis and extended self-similarity (ESS), finding results consistent with the literature. An exploitation of the pseudo-spectral technique is used to calculate second- and third-order structure functions from the energy and transfer spectra, with a comparison presented to the real-space calculation. An alternative to ESS is discussed, with the second-order exponent found to approach 2/3. The dissipation anomaly is then considered for both forced and free-decay. Using different choices of the evolved time for a decaying simulation, we show how the behaviour of the dimensionless dissipation coefficient is affected. The Karman-Howarth equation (KHE) is studied and a derivation of a work term presented using a transformation of the Lin equation. The balance of energy represented by the KHE is then investigated using the pseudo-spectral method mentioned above. The consequences of this new input term for the structure functions are discussed. Based on the KHE, we develop a model for the behaviour of the dimensionless dissipation coefficient that predicts Cɛ= Cɛ(∞)+CL/RL. DNS data is used to fit the model. We find Cɛ(∞) = 0.47 and CL = 19.1 for forced turbulence, with excellent agreement to the data. Theoretical methods based on the renormalization group and statistical closures are still being developed to study turbulence. The dynamic RG procedure used by Forster, Nelson and Stephen (FNS) is considered in some detail and a disagreement in the literature over the method and results is resolved here. An additional constraint on the loop momentum is shown to cause a correction to the viscosity increment such that all methods of evaluation lead to the original result found by FNS. The application of statistical closure and renormalized perturbation theory is discussed and a new two-time model probability density functional presented. This has been shown to be self-consistent to second order and to reproduce the two-time covariance equation of the local energy transfer (LET) theory. Future direction of this work is discussed.

O Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar (TAB) é crônico, grave, prejudica a qualidade de vida (QV) do portador e requer tratamento medicamentoso contínuo, mas os portadores têm dificuldade em aderir à farmacoterapia. A psicoeducação pode propiciar a adesão medicamentosa, manejo adaptativo do transtorno, aumento da QV, entre outros benefícios. Este estudo teve como objetivos identificar e comparar o impacto da psicoeducação, em grupo diretivo (GD) e não-diretivo (GND), no conhecimento do portador sobre o TAB e medicamento, na sua adesão à terapia medicamentosa, na sua QV e verificar como ele percebe seu cotidiano, antes e após a psicoeducação. Trata-se de estudo de intervenção, longitudinal, tipo follow-up, com abordagem quali-quantitativa. A amostra incluiu 28 portadores de TAB, não aderentes à farmacoterapia, acompanhados em um Núcleo de Saúde Mental (NSM). Os participantes foram distribuídos, por sorteio, em três grupos: grupo controle (GC), composto por 12 pacientes, GD e GND, com oito pacientes cada. Ambos os grupos de intervenção foram submetidos a 21 sessões semanais de psicoeducação (com temas pré-definidos para o GD e temas definidos pelos pacientes no GND) e três encontros de follow-up, além do tratamento padrão oferecido pelo NSM. O GC foi submetido ao tratamento padrão oferecido pelo NSM. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada norteada pelos instrumentos: Teste de Morisky e Green, Instrumento de avaliação do grau de conhecimento sobre a terapêutica medicamentosa, WHOQOL-bref e roteiro elaborado pela pesquisadora. Para a análise dos dados quantitativos foi utilizado o programa SAS 9.0 e para os dados qualitativos, a Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados revelaram que ambos os grupos, GD e GND, interferiram positivamente no aumento do conhecimento do paciente sobre o nome e dose do medicamento utilizado, em relação ao GC, porém, não diferiram entre si. Parte dos pacientes passou a aderir aos medicamentos, em diferentes momentos, nos grupos GD e GND, entretanto não foram verificadas diferenças significativas em relação ao GC ou associação entre tipo de grupo (GD e GND) e adesão. Observou-se aumento não significativo da QV no GD e diminuição no GND em todos os domínios. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na QV entre grupos de intervenção bem como entre os mesmos e o GC. Três categorias revelaram elementos significativos do cotidiano dos portadores de TAB, antes e após a participação no grupo de psicoeducação: \"A compreensão e aceitação do transtorno\", \"O desejo de estabelecer trocas\" e \"As limitações no cotidiano\". A psicoeducação grupal promoveu entendimento do TAB, trocas de experiências, atenuação de algumas limitações decorrentes do transtorno e o enfrentamento adaptativo de limitações não superadas. Considerando o importante papel dos grupos de psicoeducação no cotidiano dos sujeitos deste estudo, constitui desafio a implementação dessa abordagem terapêutica pela equipe de saúde dos serviços de assistência ao portador de transtorno mental / The Bipolar Affective Disorder (BD) is chronic, severe, and affects the patient\'s quality of life (QoL) and requires continuous drug treatment, but patients have difficulty adhering to pharmacotherapy. Psychoeducation can provide medication adherence, adaptive management of the disorder, increase of the QoL, among other benefits. This study aimed to identify and compare the impact of psychoeducation, in a directive (DG) and non-directive group (NDG), in the knowledge of the patients on the BD and medication, in their adherence to drug therapy, in their QoL, and verify how they perceive their daily life, before and after psychoeducation. This is a longitudinal follow-up and intervention study with quali-quantitative approach. The sample included 28 patients with BD, who were non-adherent to pharmacotherapy, assisted at a Mental Health Center. Participants were randomly assigned into three groups: control group (CG) composed of 12 patients, DG and NDG composed of 8 patients each. Both intervention groups were submitted to 21 weekly sessions of psychoeducation (with pre-defined themes for the DG and themes defined by the patients for the NDG), and three follow-up meetings, in addition to standard treatment offered by the Mental Health Center. The CG was submitted to standard treatment offered by the Mental Health Center. Data collection occurred through semi- structured interview guided by the instruments: Morisky and Green Test, Instrument for the assessment of the degree of knowledge about drug therapy, WHOQOL-bref, and script developed by the researcher. For the quantitative data analysis, the SAS 9.0 software was used, and for the qualitative data, the content analysis. Results revealed that both groups DG and NDG interfered positively in the increase of patient\'s knowledge regarding the name and dose of medication used in relation to the CG, however, they did not differ among themselves. Some of the patients began to adhere to medications at different times, in the directive and non-directive groups; however there were no significant differences in relation to the CG or association between the type of group (GD and NDG) and adherence. It was observed a non significant increase in QoL regarding the DG and a decrease regarding the NDG related to all domains. There were no significant differences in QoL among the intervention groups as well as among them and CG. Three categories showed significant elements of daily life of patients with BD before and after participation in the psychoeducational group: \"The understanding and acceptance of the disorder,\" \"The desire to establish exchanges\" and \"Limitations in daily life.\" The psychoeducational group promoted understanding of the BD, exchange of experiences, attenuation of some limitations resulting from the disorder, and cope with limitations not exceeded. Considering the important role of the psychoeducational groups in the daily life of the participants of this study, the implementation of this therapeutic approach by the health care team of health services for the mentally ill is a challenge.

Os grupos sociais infantis que estão inseridos numa realidade violenta colocam-se mais suscetíveis a reagir e agir de acordo com seu grupo e contexto social. Acreditamos que em uma \"história relacional que se constrói dentro da situação terapêutica, utilizam-se estratégias para o fazer como forma de encontro potencializador de uma relação saudável consigo, com o outro e com o social\" (TEDESCO, 2007, p. 156). Desta forma, essa pesquisa pretendeu verificar se a utilização de grupos de atividades estruturadas pode proporcionar meios para que jovens possam aprimorar seu funcionamento pessoal e social e facilitar o desenvolvimento de mecanismos pessoais e coletivos de proteção e promoção de saúde mental. Este estudo baseia-se nos pressupostos dos métodos qualitativos de investigação e a estratégia escolhida foi a pesquisa naturalística. O procedimento utilizado foi a observação participante. Em virtude da natureza do fenômeno investigado utilizamos também o diário de campo. O local de investigação é o Município de Ribeirão Preto, em que buscamos focalizar uma instituição pública de ensino fundamental. Fizeram parte deste estudo 18 estudantes do 6º ano do ensino fundamental da Escola Estadual Professora Glete de Alcântara participantes do projeto de extensão \"Grupos de atividades estruturadas com alunos do ensino fundamental: promoção de saúde\" da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto. Foram realizados 8 encontros grupais utilizando atividades estruturadas em grupo. Neste sentido, foram utilizados jogos e brincadeiras, que são atividades sociais que fornecem uma estrutura de referência paralela à \"vida real\", na qual \"formas diferentes de ser\" podem ser experimentadas e expressas em ações, comportamentos, atitudes, sem nenhuma conseqüência \"real\". Para análise dos dados qualitativos foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática. Os temas emergiram do desenvolvimento grupal em cada atividade apresentada. Os principais temas foram: a representação e o papel da escola; o grupo como representação social; o brincar e o aprender; o lúdico e a contribuição para a formação social; a escola e seus vínculos; punição versus educação; família e seu papel social para a criança; violência psicológica entre escolares; a função criativa do campo escolar; a violência; o desenvolvimento interpessoal e o contexto escolar; agrupamento; atividade como recurso. Os resultados do estudo apontam que é possível estabelecer uma nova forma de comunicação e abordagem do universo desses jovens, desde que respeitadas as variáveis - que não são poucas - de um mundo cada vez mais globalizado e sem paradigmas do qual fazem parte não apenas como expectadores, mas atores desta transformação do ensino na realidade do século XXI. / Children Social groups placed in a violent reality are more susceptible to react and act according to their group and social context. We believe in a \"relational history that is built into the therapeutic situation, are used as strategies for doing so against aggravating a healthy relationship with oneself, others and the social\" (Tedesco, 2007, p. 156). This way, this research sought to determine whether the use of structured group activities can provide ways for young people to improve their personal and social functioning and facilitate the development of personal and collective mechanisms to protect and promote mental health. This study is based on assumptions of qualitative research methods and the strategy chosen was naturalistic inquiry. The procedure used was participant observation. Due to the nature of the phenomenon under investigation we also used a field diary. The research place is the city of Ribeirão Preto, in which we seek to focus on a public high school. The sample comprised 18 students in the 6th grade of elementary school of the Escola Estadual Professora Glete de Alcantara participants of the extension project \"Groups of structured activities with high school students: health promotion\" of the School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto. 8 group meetings were conducted using structured group activities. In this sense, we used games and activities that are social activities that provide a frame of reference parallel to the \"real life\" in which \"different ways of being\" can be experienced and expressed in actions, behaviors, attitudes, with no consequences \"real. \" For qualitative data analysis technique was used thematic content analysis. The themes emerged from the development group in each activity presented. The main themes were: the representation and the role of the school and the group as a social representation, the play and learn, the playful and the contribution to the social formation, the school and its links; punishment versus education, family and social role for the child ; psychological violence among students, the creative function of the field school, violence, interpersonal development and the school context, group activity as a resource. The study results show that it is possible to establish a new form of communication and approach to the universe of young people, in compliance with the variables - which are many - a world of increasingly globalized and without paradigms which include not only as spectators but actors in this transformation of education in the reality of the twenty-first century.

In this thesis, the work of Menezes on the isomorphism classes of elliptic curves over finite fields of characteristic two is studied. Basic definitions and some facts of the elliptic curves required in this context are reviewed and group structure of elliptic curves are constructed. A fairly detailed investigation is made for the isomorphism classes of elliptic curves due to Menezes and Schoof. This work plays an important role in Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm. In this context, those isomorphism classes of elliptic curves recommended by National Institute of Standards and Technology are listed and their properties are discussed.