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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-04-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:54:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_al_me_assis.pdf: 528444 bytes, checksum: 0a4bf4b165aa6996d94d3c5d79a2361c (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O advento da Revolução Cubana em 1959 representou um ponto de inflexão na trajetória dos movimentos sociopolíticos da América Latina no século XX. Inspiradas pela vitória dos rebeldes em Cuba, várias organizações de extrema esquerda do continente aderiram à luta armada e à teoria do foco guerrilheiro nos anos 60 e 70. No Brasil, após o Golpe de Estado de 1964, diferentes grupos promoveriam ações revolucionárias contra a ditadura militar instaurada. As idéias de Che Guevara, Fidel Castro e Régis Debray desencadeariam intermináveis debates político-ideológicos entre as diversas correntes de orientação marxista. No presente trabalho procuramos avaliar como a experiência da Revolução Cubana foi apropriada pelas organizações clandestinas brasileiras e, da mesma forma, como seu exemplo serviu para legitimar determinadas posições de setores do movimento comunista no país. / The Cuban Revolution advent in 1959 represented a point of inflection in the trajectory of sociopolitical movements in Latin America in the century XX. Inspired for the rebel's victory in Cuba, several extreme left wing organizations of the continent adhered to the armed combat and the theory of guerrilla focus in the 60's and 70's. In Brazil after the coup d'etat in 1964, different groups would promote revolutionary actions against the established military dictatorship. Che Guevara's, Fidel Castro's and Régis Debray's ideas would trigger endless political-ideological arguments among several groups of Marxist orientation. In the present work we try to evaluate how the experience of the Cuban Revolution was appropriate to the Brazilian clandestine organizations and, in the same way, how their example served to legitimate certain positions of the communist movement in the country.

Orientador: José Luis Bendicho Beired / Banca: Áureo Busetto / Banca: Anna Maria Martinez Correa / Resumo: O advento da Revolução Cubana em 1959 representou um ponto de inflexão na trajetória dos movimentos sociopolíticos da América Latina no século XX. Inspiradas pela vitória dos rebeldes em Cuba, várias organizações de extrema esquerda do continente aderiram à luta armada e à teoria do foco guerrilheiro nos anos 60 e 70. No Brasil, após o Golpe de Estado de 1964, diferentes grupos promoveriam ações revolucionárias contra a ditadura militar instaurada. As idéias de Che Guevara, Fidel Castro e Régis Debray desencadeariam intermináveis debates político-ideológicos entre as diversas correntes de orientação marxista. No presente trabalho procuramos avaliar como a experiência da Revolução Cubana foi apropriada pelas organizações clandestinas brasileiras e, da mesma forma, como seu exemplo serviu para legitimar determinadas posições de setores do movimento comunista no país. / Abstract: The Cuban Revolution advent in 1959 represented a point of inflection in the trajectory of sociopolitical movements in Latin America in the century XX. Inspired for the rebel's victory in Cuba, several extreme left wing organizations of the continent adhered to the armed combat and the theory of guerrilla focus in the 60's and 70's. In Brazil after the "coup d'etat" in 1964, different groups would promote revolutionary actions against the established military dictatorship. Che Guevara's, Fidel Castro's and Régis Debray's ideas would trigger endless political-ideological arguments among several groups of Marxist orientation. In the present work we try to evaluate how the experience of the Cuban Revolution was appropriate to the Brazilian clandestine organizations and, in the same way, how their example served to legitimate certain positions of the communist movement in the country. / Mestre

The aim of work is to aply theory of political terorism and guerrilla to Brother's Masin resistence group activities. This work offers a new view to research issues of Brother's Masin resistence group. Besides the theory of political terorism and guerila we have to account contemporary context. Each group action will be assign to one of the theory. Masin's father had a great influence to resistence group activity. He has to have his own place in this work. It is also necessary to introduce historical context of the time and give the most important reasons to the group activities. Because it is important to look at the contemporary context we have to describe what Czechoslovakia, East German and West German press wrote about it. In conclusion are the most important facts about theory of political terorism and guerrilla. To this theories will be assigned each resistence group activities. The conclusion provides an overview of Brother's Masin resistence group activities using theory of political terorism and guerrilla.

This thesis is an in-depth study of Shona fiction about the liberation war in Zimbabwe. It looks at the way Zimbabwe’s liberation war is portrayed in Shona fiction and focuses on the factors that shaped writers’ perspectives on that war. It is argued that Shona war fiction writers romanticised the war and in the process simplified and distorted history. The researcher postulates that writers’ perspectives on this liberation war were shaped by factors that include the mood of celebration and euphoria, the dominant ideology of the time, the situations of independence and freedom, and literary competitions. The thesis further raises and illustrates the point that writers produced romances of adventure because they were writing on the theme of war, and if one writes on the theme of war one ends up writing an adventure story. However, it is also acknowledged that because authors were writing on a historical event they could not ignore history completely. Some aspects of history are incorporated into the fiction, thereby retaining a semblance of historical realism. The post-independence period is also seen as a time of cultural revival and this is considered as the reason behind the authors’ tendency to celebrate Shona traditional institutions and culture. The celebration of Shona traditional religion and culture introduced into the fiction the element of the supernatural that strengthened the romance aspect of the novels. Shona war fiction writers also perpetuate female stereotyping. Female characters are depicted as everything except guerrilla fighters. It is argued that there are no female characters that play roles of guerrilla fighters because during the actual war women were not visible at the war front, fighting. The thesis argues that men, who were pioneers of the guerrilla war and writers of the war stories, excluded women from liberation war discourse and ultimately from literary discourse as well. A few writers who comment on the quality of Zimbabwe’s independence and freedom show the disillusionment and despair of the peasants and ex-combatants as they struggled to settle down and recover from the war. / African Languages / D.Litt. et Phil.

This thesis is an in-depth study of Shona fiction about the liberation war in Zimbabwe. It looks at the way Zimbabwe’s liberation war is portrayed in Shona fiction and focuses on the factors that shaped writers’ perspectives on that war. It is argued that Shona war fiction writers romanticised the war and in the process simplified and distorted history. The researcher postulates that writers’ perspectives on this liberation war were shaped by factors that include the mood of celebration and euphoria, the dominant ideology of the time, the situations of independence and freedom, and literary competitions. The thesis further raises and illustrates the point that writers produced romances of adventure because they were writing on the theme of war, and if one writes on the theme of war one ends up writing an adventure story. However, it is also acknowledged that because authors were writing on a historical event they could not ignore history completely. Some aspects of history are incorporated into the fiction, thereby retaining a semblance of historical realism. The post-independence period is also seen as a time of cultural revival and this is considered as the reason behind the authors’ tendency to celebrate Shona traditional institutions and culture. The celebration of Shona traditional religion and culture introduced into the fiction the element of the supernatural that strengthened the romance aspect of the novels. Shona war fiction writers also perpetuate female stereotyping. Female characters are depicted as everything except guerrilla fighters. It is argued that there are no female characters that play roles of guerrilla fighters because during the actual war women were not visible at the war front, fighting. The thesis argues that men, who were pioneers of the guerrilla war and writers of the war stories, excluded women from liberation war discourse and ultimately from literary discourse as well. A few writers who comment on the quality of Zimbabwe’s independence and freedom show the disillusionment and despair of the peasants and ex-combatants as they struggled to settle down and recover from the war. / African Languages / D.Litt. et Phil.

Op 23 Junie 1900 het die Britse troepe Heidelberg beset. Die rustige bestaan het vir spanning onder die burgerlikes en agterdog teenoor die Britse militêre owerheid plek gemaak. Inwoners soos ds. A.J. Louw, wat geweier het om die Eed van Neutraliteit te teken, is onverwyld uit die dorp verban. Vroue soos Issie Kriegler en Cassie O’Reilly, wat met hulle uitgesprokenheid die gramskap van die Britte ontketen het, is saam met hulle gesinne na die konsentrasiekamp by Merebank in Natal gestuur. Aangesien die beëindiging van die oorlog vir die Britse owerheid belangrik was, het distrikskommissaris J.M. Vallentin Heidelbergse wapenneerlêers gebruik om die burgers tot oorgawe te oorreed en voorstelle vir die bereiking van vrede aan die hand te doen. As deel van die verskroeide aarde-beleid is Boerevroue en kinders wat sonder heenkome was, na die blanke konsentrasiekamp op Heidelberg geneem, waar hulle getalle mettertyd tot ongeveer 2 000 aangegroei het. Die Heidelbergse kampowerhede het die aankomelinge van tente voorsien terwyl higiëniese maatreëls en mediese dienste vir liggaamlike welsyn ingestel is. Siektes het uitgebreek. Die pogings van die Britse medici om die sterftesyfer met Westerse medikasie en voorskrifte vir beter voeding aan kinders te verlaag, het allesbehalwe seepglad verloop onder meer vanweë die Boerevroue se wantroue in hulle. Voor die Anglo-Boereoorlog was die gemeentelike lewe besonder aktief. Met die Britse oorname het eredienste, bediening van die doop en katkisasie in die susterskerke op Heidelberg op 'n gereelde grondslag voortgegaan. Godsdiensoefening in die konsentrasiekamp is ook nie agterweë gelaat nie. Fasiliteite is vir die gemeentelike aktiwiteite van die drie susterskerke beskikbaar gestel. Ook het die Britse kerke op Heidelberg, die St. Ninian’s Anglican Church en die Wesleyan Methodist Church, ‘n bloeitydperk beleef, terwyl die Berlynse Sendinggenootskap sy werksaamhede gestaak het. Teen 1902 is die kampinwoners toegelaat om dienste in hulle gemeentes op die dorp by te woon. Onderwys het met die Britse besetting ‘n nuwe tydvak betree. Die kampskool het saam met die skoolgeldheffende skole en die “free schools” op die dorp daartoe bygedra om die grondslag vir ‘n Britse onderwysstelsel in Transvaal te lê. Ingevoerde Britse onderwysers het nuwe wêrelde vir die kampkinders ontsluit, wat hulle tot verdere intellektuele ontwikkeling sou aanspoor. Die kampskole, waarby ook volwassenes gebaat het, was ‘n ligpunt in die bestaan van die konsentrasiekampe. Tot onlangs was min oor die swart konsentrasiekampe in die Heidelbergdistrik bekend. Toestande in hierdie kampe het na hulle oorname deur die Departement van Naturellevlugtelinge in Junie 1901 verbeter. Swartes is deur die leër en privaat huishoudings in diens geneem. Sommige was selfversorgend deurdat hulle mielies en ander gewasse produseer het. Die swart kamp op Heidelberg se sterftesyfer was laag. Dit is waarskynlik aan die goeie werk van die mediese offisier, ene Stewart, te danke. Hervestiging van blanke en swart kampinwoners het na afloop van die oorlog in Mei 1902 gevolg. Met Britse hulp en danksy rantsoene wat aan hulle uitgereik is, kon hulle huiswaarts keer. Dit blyk dat Heidelberg se blanke konsentrasiekamp relatief goed bestuur is en vanweë sy lae sterftesyfer onder die beter kampe tel. / Thesis (DPhil (History))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted