The subject of the present paper is as analysis of periphrastic constructions consisting of the verb have followed by a past participle, which have either causative or experiential meaning. Although the structure and configuration of the constructions may seem to be identical, they differ significantly, the main dissimilarity resting in the nature of subject. The causative subject, the causer, acts as an instigator of the action expressed by the non- finite verb form, i.e. the effected verb. On the other hand, the experiential subject, the affected, merely experiences the action, being affected by it, not inciting it in any way. Even though primarily aiming at description of two have groups, the analysis revealed existence of an experiential subclass: the experiential-resultative have. Hence, the study attempts to describe and compare the three above mentioned categories in terms of their occurrence and participants, i.e. the subject, the causee, the patient, and the effect. The reaserch is conducted on a sample of 200 cases gathered from the British National Corpus. Key words: causation¸ periphrastic construction, causative have, experiential have, experiential-resultative have

This diploma thesis examines English have-presentative sentences and their Czech translational counterparts. Have-presentative sentences have a similar function to there- existentials, i.e. they introduce a new element on the scene. From the FSP point of view, the subject is context-dependent in these sentences and serves thus as a rheme, e.g. We have a long trip ahead of us (Ebeling 2000: 1) or The tree has a nest in it (Ebeling 2000: 228). The possessive meaning of have is weakened in these sentences and could be thus described as existential, which is possible to attest by the means of alternative there-construction (There's a long trip ahead of us.; There's a nest in the tree.). The theoretical part summarizes the treatment of have in various grammar books, its semantics and diverse functions. Furthermore, it briefly discusses the theory of functional sentence perspective (FSP) as defined by Firbas (1992) and explore different presentative constructions with emphasis on have- and there-presentatives. Finally, it describes the Czech verb mít - its semantics and function, and explores FSP with regard to Czech. The aim of the analysis was to gather 200 examples of have-presentatives extracted from the Czech-English parallel corpus InterCorp v10, examine its Czech translational counterparts and...

The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate the aesthetic decisions and theoretical complexity of three of Ernest Hemingway’s most experimental texts: IN OUR TIME, TO HAVE AND HAVE NOT, and THE GARDEN OF EDEN, and to show that the usually maligned Hemingway was an author invested in the avant-garde and in analyzing and dissecting rigid societal rules, not championing them. Through critical analysis this study examined how Hemingway makes specific aesthetic decisions in order to more clearly examine the disparity between whites and both women and racial minorities in America. The problems that Hemingway makes clear through his art are meant to have a profound effect upon the reader and encourage re-evaluation of societal rules, their purpose, and their fairness to those who are not white, male, and typically in a position of power. The findings demonstrate that Hemingway’s entire oeuvre is open to re-interpretation on the basis of a progressive view of the author.

Starting a thesis with intention and ambitious to invent a future mobility for Southeast Asia region, one of the fastest growing region in the world. I was so passionate about what is the future mobility that very compatible to South-East Asia consumer that face a hot weather and humidity climate in whole year. Recently, the car that we produce whether in local manufacturing or imported car are not very compatible for the current environment since the climate is change dramatically in kind of temperature which massive impact in material usage in the vehicle and our daily life. By this platform, my main priority is to find a best solution by doing a research and problem´s analysis about the real situation and for a long period of time. Then, I was began the project by summarize the concept based on the research analysis. Design research, brand and background analysis, ideation sketches, studying an overall form by using clay and 3D digital modelling and also advanced visualization were the main methods that implemented during this project. The result is GEMILANG Concept, designed a future vehicle which have semi-autonomous drive mode for ASEAN ambition and actual need throughout in developing countries. The concept is considered between a climate change in this region and proposes a highly efficient in how to implement the best use of natural resources that able to stand in extreme climate particularly in this region and innovative solution between tradition, need and technology.

This project explores how cosmopolitan personas rhetorically negotiate the space between local and global, discursively tying people to the national as well as to the global or transnational. It examines the possible co-existence of cosmopolitanism and nationalism while identifying how each is articulated in response to the other. As global networks become increasingly complex, rethinking borders and how they are articulated is essential. Can a quintessential cosmopolitan also be a public nationalist? Are cosmopolitan discourses compromised by their presumed lack of attachment to the local? To what extent and with what success are cosmopolitanism and nationalism siultaneously articulated? In order to study these and other questions, I analyze the public personas crafted by cosmopolitan figures Vaclav Havel, Jimmy Carter, and Edward Said. By illuminating how they negotiate that ambiguous space between locale and its absence, a project attentive to the rhetorical possibilities of discursive connection in a world increasingly devoid of shared loyalties and histories enables a fuller understanding of the possibilites of intercultural contact in a globalizing world.

The three research studies included in this dissertation aimed to examine the reasons for e-cigarette use among U.S. adults, and to examine the U.S. public opinion on allowing e-cigarette use where smoking is otherwise prohibited. Mixed (quantitative and qualitative) research methods were used. Data from an online survey (2012) and focus groups (2014) were analyzed. Among 307 survey respondents who had ever used e-cigarettes, the three most common reasons for e-cigarette use were curiosity (40.8%), the belief that “it helps people quit smoking” (19.1%), and perceiving e-cigarettes “less harmful than regular cigarettes” (9.3%). About 40% of U.S. adults were uncertain whether e-cigarette use should be allowed in smoke-free public areas, 37% opposed, while 23% favored allowing their use in smoke-free environments. The majority of the focus group participants have used e-cigarettes to complement regular cigarette smoking and intake nicotine where smoking is restricted. E-cigarette use was viewed to be less harmful and more convenient than smoking regular cigarettes. The findings of the three studies suggest that curiosity about e-cigarettes lead to experimentation and the convenience to use e-cigarettes in smoke-free areas lead to continual use. With impending regulation and the changing e-cigarette landscape, there is a need for continued monitoring and research on reasons for and attitudes about e-cigarette use, and on public opinion pertaining to e-cigarette use in smoke-free areas.

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Our understanding of humoral immune response to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been mainly derived from studies in women. Very little is known about humoral immune response to HPV in men. There is also a growing interest in understanding the burden of HPV exposure in the subgroups of the male population, including men who have sex with women (MSW), men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who have sex with both men and women (MSMW). This dissertation was undertaken to understand and characterize humoral immune response, measured by detectable serum antibody IgG, to HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 infection, to estimates seroprevalence of HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18, to determine the associations of sociodemographic and sexual behavioral factors with seroprevalence of individual HPV types, and to evaluate the role of serum antibodies in the subsequent acquisition of infection with the same HPV type, genetically related and un-related HPV types. Three studies that compose of this dissertation were conducted within the framework of two longitudinal studies of HPV infection in men: a single-site natural history study of male residents of Tucson, Arizona (the 1st study: N=285); and a multinational natural history study of healthy men residing in São Paulo, Brazil, Cuernavaca, Mexico, and Tampa, Florida (the 2nd study: N=1477; the 3rd study: N=2187). Men were recruited using similar eligibility criteria in both natural history studies and followed every 6 months for a maximum of 18 months in the single-site study and 48 months in the multi-national study. HPV DNA status was assessed using the PGMY09/11 L1 consensus primer system and the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Protocol. Testing of serum antibodies to HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 was performed with virus-like particle-based ELISA assays. Data from our studies indicate that exposure to HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18, the four HPV types targeted in the currently license HPV vaccines, is common. Of 285 male residents of Tucson, Arizona, 28.8% of them were seropositive to HPV 16 and/or 18 at study entry. Similarly, approximately one third of 1477 participants of the multi-national male HPV natural history study were seropositive to at least one vaccine HPV type, with the percentage of 21.8% in U.S. site, 33.4% in Mexico site, and 49.1% in Brazil site. It is also noted that seroprevalence of individual vaccine HPV types is greatly elevated among men of different sexual practices. Seroprevalence of HPV 6, 11, 16 and/or 18 was twice as high among MSM and MSMW compared to MSW. Likewise, seroprevalence of individual HPV types was two fold or higher among MSW and MSMW. Our findings suggest that the predominant predictors of seropositivity to HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 are age and same-sex sexual behaviors. Seroprevalence increased with age among young-to-middle-aged men with significant upward age trends observed for HPV 11, 16 and 18. MSM, compared to MSW, more likely to be seropositive to HPV 16 or 18. Similarly, men who practiced same-sex anal sex, compared to those who did not, were significantly more likely to be seropositive to HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18, respectively. Among 276 men free of HPV 16 at enrollment in Tucson, We did not detect statistically significant associations between the baseline serum antibodies to HPV 16 and/or 18 and subsequent risk of infection with homogeneous HPV types or related-HPV types. Of 2187 men residing in three countries who tested HPV 16 negative at enrollment, the risk of subsequent HPV 16 infection was not associated with enrollment HPV 16 serum antibodies status. Our data provide important estimates of population exposure to vaccine HPV types for future studies modeling potential vaccine impact and vaccine cost effectiveness in men. Our findings also support strategic vaccination of males as an effective preventive measure for HPV-related diseases and cancers in men and their sex partners, men and women alike.

Cette recherche propose de rendre compte de l'usage de la broderie en art contemporain dans les oeuvres deTracey Emin, première artiste à avoir exposé le récit des trente-deux premières années de sa vie dans une tentebrodée intitulée Everyone I Have Ever Slept With 1963-1995. Une analyse de réception de type sémio-anthropologiquede cette oeuvre monumentale met en évidence, dřune part, que la broderie est une écriture contemporaine incluant un geste manuel, une loi textile et une jouissance filaire et, d'autre part, que son effet de présence et son pouvoir narratif en font un art de l'intime.En tant qu'écriture filaire, la broderie est singulière. Ecriture universelle, elle est première chez les peuples sans écriture, elle est sésame social en tant que sampler, elle est historiographique par son potentiel narratif, son statut d'objet de prestige ou de mémorandum. Elle est encore écriture monumentale dans la Tapisserie de Bayeux, autre broderie phénoménale, simultanément manuscrit, témoignage documentaire et oeuvre d'art plastique reconnue.La broderie se fait art de l'intime dans d'autres oeuvres de Tracey Emin, telles ses couvertures, dont la première, Hotel International, incarne le curriculum vitae de l'artiste. Mais l'intime peut s'envisager de plusieurs manières. Or, comme en Angleterre la broderie a été considérée comme un art national dès le VIIe siècle, elle se conçoit aussi comme art de l'intime dans le rapport que les oeuvres brodées d'Emin entretiennent avec celles du passé. Si l'intime est un lien puissant entre le public et l'artiste, en brodant sa vie et son intimité, Tracey Emin a transformé le « personnel est politique » des années 1970 en universel. / This research proposes to account for the use of contemporary art embroidery in the works of Tracey Emin, the first artist to have exhibited the story of the first thirty-two years of her life in an embroidered tent entitled Everyone I Have Ever Slept With 1963-1995. A semio-anthropological reception analysis of this monumental work highlights, on the one hand, that embroidery is a contemporary writing that includes a manual gesture, a textile law and a thread jouissance and, on the other hand, that its effect of presence and its narrative power make it an art of intimacy.As thread writing, embroidery is a singular one. As universal writing, it is first among people without written language, it is a social open sesame as sampler, it is historiographical thanks to its narrative power, its status as an object of prestige or as a memorandum. It is also a monumental writing in the Bayeux Tapestry, another phenomenal embroidery, simultaneously manuscript, documentary testimony and recognized visual work of art. Embroidery is also an art of intimacy in other works of Tracey Emin, such as her blankets, whose first, Hotel International, embodies the curriculum vitae of the artist. However, intimacy can be considered in many ways.And, as in England embroidery was regarded as a national art from the seventh century onwards, it can thus be conceived as an art of intimacy in the relationship that the embroidered works of Emin maintain with those of the past. If intimacy is a powerful bond between the public and the artist, by embroidering her life and her intimacy, Tracey Emin has transformed the "personal is political" of the 1970s into a universal one

The aim of this study is to examine to what extent Swedish writers, who write in English, use the modals must, have to and have got to. The hypothesis being tested argues that the core modal must is not being challenged by the emerging modals have to and have got to in this non-native variety of English. The objective of this thesis is to be accomplished by attempting to answer the following research questions: 1) What is the frequency and usage of the English modals must, have to and have got to in the material? 2) How do the frequencies in the Swedish material compare with the frequencies in the British and American corpora and to the previous studies? 3) How do the Swedish writers use the modals with regard to epistemic and deontic meaning? The study is corpus based, and the corpora used consist of Swedish newspapers in English (SWENC) and material from blogs and tweets which are written in English by Swedes (SESMC). These are compared with the press sub-corpora in BE06 (the British 2006 corpus of CQP web at Lancaster) and in AE06 (the American 2006 corpus of CQP web at Lancaster), which represent British and American native varieties of English. The method is quantitative and the results are presented after the process of normalization. The results show that must, have to and have got to are used in SWENC and SESMC although, to greatly varying degrees. The core modal must is more frequently used in the Swedish corpus than in the British and American sub-corpora. The emerging modal have to is used more frequently than must in all three corpora. The second emerging modal have got to is very seldomly used. Additionally, a qualitative examination of the modals and their meanings reveal that the writers in SWENC and SESMC use the older modal must alongside the newer have to and newest modal have got to, but with a preference for a toned-down style of language. The conclusion drawn is that the core modal must is indeed being challenged by the emerging modal have to even in the non-native variety of English.