The crux of this master thesis was to analyze if the inflationary trend in Ghana is a monetary phenomenon. Over the decades, numerous studies done on inflation in Ghana tend to converge on the postulation that money supply does exert some influence on inflationary trend. The argument has always been if money supply has a significant or less than significant impact on inflationary trend. Those for the argument that, the money supply has a less than significant influence buttress their points with how other factors such as fiscal policies, exchange rate, input cost, cost of imports affect inflation in the Ghanaian economy. Certainly these factors plus a host of others, based on investigations, were revealed to significantly influence inflation. In some studies, the influence of monetary factors was shown to have significantly eroded based on the time period used in the investigations respectively. This thesis thus set out to investigate both divides of the argument, whether inflation is still significantly affected by monetary factors or other factors are gradually casting their shadows over inflation. The other factors considered aside the monetary ones (broad money growth, monetary policy rate) for the thesis are exchange rate, GDP growth rate and crude oil price.

The aim of the thesis is to reveal the relationship between stock indices and GDP of selected countries. The theoretical part explains the concepts of financial mar-kets, the essence of a functioning of public limited companies and earlier studies dealing with this theme are also included. The practical part is focused on an ac-tual relationship between the variables, both in terms of its existence, its strength and direction. To reveal the relationship between variables and its strength, the correlation analysis is used. Then In case of direction of this relationship a multivariate time series analysis is used in a form of the VAR model using Granger causality.

The Current Account and Balance of Payments: Implications towards the Real Exchange Rate, GDP Growth, Asset Prices and Stability Abstract in English In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, large global imbalances among countries' current account have been cited as a possible cause. The real exchange rate emerges as a key policy tool among countries within the research literature and in practice to manage a country's Balance of Payments indicators, despite mixed evidence. In this master thesis, we will construct a vector error correction model for cointegrating relationships utilizing the Johansen's test, using time series data for the US, UK, and Australia for the period 1973-2018. We examined the relationships between the real exchange rate, the current account, the financial account, net reserves, the interest rate, and openness to trade as well as employing Granger Causality tests. In the US, we found relationships between net reserves and both the current account and the real exchange rate. In the UK, the interest rate and the real exchange rate have a cointegrating relationship. In both the UK and Australia, we found a cointegrating relationship with the real exchange rate and current account. We examine the various theoretical and practical approaches towards viewing the Balance of Payments...

The gross domestic product (GDP) is an essential measure of the state of economic activity and serves as a crucial tool for policymakers, investors, or businesses. However, the official GDP estimate in the Czech Republic is only available with a lag of approximately 60 days, and the Czech National Bank (CNB) announces its GDP forecast once in each quarter. This thesis focuses on predicting GDP growth in the current quarter, referred to as nowcasting. I employ several methods to nowcast the real GDP growth in the Czech Republic in a pseudo-real-time setting and compare their performance. Additionally, I investigate the possibility of creating an ensemble model by using a weighted average of several nowcasting models. The results suggest that the Dynamic Factor Model (DFM) performs best in the GDP nowcasting task, and its predictive accuracy is comparable with the official CNB nowcast. Furthermore, the model averaging process yields accuracy close to the best individual model while addressing model uncertainty. The GDP nowcast of the DFM will be made available to the public in real-time on a website and updated with a daily frequency.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Rocha Lopes.pdf: 1075564 bytes, checksum: 01e184ed6d7c65323c0dfc1515da19a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-04 / Due to the increasing of technological development and its associated industrial applications, control design methods to attend high performance requests and reinforcement learning are been developed, not only, to solve new problems, as well as, to improve the performance of implemented controllers in the real systems. The reinforcement learning (RL) and discrete linear quadratic regulator (DLQR) approaches are connected by adaptive dynamic programming (ADP). This connection is oriented to the design of optimal controller for multivariable systems (MIMO). The proposed method for DLQR controllers tuning can been heuristic guidance for biased variations in weighting matrices of instantenous reward. The heuristics performance are evaluated in terms of convergence of heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) and action dependent (AD-HDP) algorithms. The algorithms and tuning are evaluated by the capability to map the plane-Z in MIMO dynamic system of third order. / Em decorrência do crescente desenvolvimento tecnológico e das consequentes aplicações industriais, técnicas de controle de alto desempenho e aprendizado por reforço estão sendo desenvolvidas não só para solucionar novos problemas, mas também para melhorar o desempenho de controladores já implementados em sistemas do mundo real. As abordagens do aprendizado por reforço e do regulador linear quadrático discreto (DLQR) são conectadas pelos métodos de programação dinâmica adaptativa. Esta união é orientada para o projeto de controladores ótimos em sistemas multivariáveis (MIMO). O método proposto para sintonia de controladores DLQR fornece diretrizes para construção de heurísticas polarizadas que são aplicadas na seleção das matrizes de ponderação da recompensa instantânea. Investiga-se o desempenho das heurísticas associadas com a sintonia de controladores lineares discretos e aspectos de convergência que estão relacionados com as variações QR nos algoritmos de programação dinâmica heurística (HDP) e Ação Dependente (ADHDP). Os algoritmos e a sintonia são avaliados pela capacidade em estabelecer a política de controle ótimo que mapeia o plano-Z em um sistema dinãmico multivariável de terceira ordem.

This thesis deals with the comparison of tax reforms during the financial and economic crisis in the old and new EU countries. My main objective is to compare the reforms implemented in individual states during the financial and economic crisis and its impact on the tax quota and tax mix. The first part deals with the causes and development of the financial and economic crisis. In the second chapter is a description of the optimal tax system and history of the tax reforms. The final chapter describes the various changes and reforms in EU countries, the development of their tax quota, tax mix, the government expenditure to GDP ratio, the government debt to GDP ratio and the impact of certain changes to the amount of taxation on labor.

Objective of this diploma thesis is to process analysis of development of revenues, expenditures and deficit of the state budget in the Czech Republic and to characterize the main economic trends, state of public funds and the economy at large. There are identified shares of exogenous influences, accepted reforms and measures in the economic development during the period from 1993 up to 2010. Theoretic -- methodological part is divided into three parts, the first one describes fiscal policy in general. The second part deals with the state budget, its revenue and expenditure side and very current field of debt financing. In the last part there is processed tax theory and conception of the flat tax from theoretical point of view. Practical part is introduced by description of the economic starting state of the Czech Republic. This is followed by the list of economic events and political measures that formed the final shape of public funds. Furthermore there is carried out the analysis of state budget development. Subject of the analysis is the extent and structure of both revenue and expenditure side of the state budget, budget balance and the government debt. Part of this thesis is also the analysis of development of macroeconomic indicators, specifically it is the GDP growth, unemployment rate and inflow of foreign funds. In the conclusion of the diploma thesis there is the successfulness of examined budget and fiscal policy evaluated and there are drawn some suggestions for the field of public funds in the coming years.

Text visualization is a field dedicated to the visual representation of textual data by using computer technology. A large number of visualization techniques are available, and now it is becoming harder for researchers and practitioners to choose an optimal technique for a particular task among the existing techniques. To overcome this problem, the ISOVIS Group developed an interactive survey browser for text visualization techniques. ISOVIS researchers gathered papers which describe text visualization techniques or tools and categorized them according to a taxonomy. Several categories were manually assigned to each visualization technique. In this thesis, we aim to analyze the dataset of this browser. We carried out several analyses to find temporal trends and correlations of the categories present in the browser dataset. In addition, a comparison of these categories with a computational approach has been made. Our results show that some categories became more popular than before whereas others have declined in popularity. The cases of positive and negative correlation between various categories have been found and analyzed. Comparison between manually labeled datasets and results of computational text analyses were presented to the experts with an opportunity to refine the dataset. Data which is analyzed in this thesis project is specific to text visualization field, however, methods that are used in the analyses can be generalized for applications to other datasets of scientific literature surveys or, more generally, other manually curated collections of textual documents.

The diploma thesis deals with the comparison of the development of Slovakian and Czech economy. These countries which together in 1992 are made of a unitary state. The work is focused on their separate economic growth, between the years 1993 - 2015. The theoretical part explains the essence of the various macroeconomic indicators. This part also captures monetary policy which is related to the next chapter - Conditions for having the euro. The main part of the work is to valorize the economic development in the given timeframe. In the begining it is focused on the Czech economy and consequently on the Slovak economy. In tables and graphs for each indicator shown to highest or smallest fluctuations. Included are also the reasons why a given drop / rise occurred. Based on already acquired and calculated data occurs in the next section to compare to the two countries. Economic comparison of these countries are shown in the graph, for each of the macroeconomic indicators. The last part deals with the using the euro in the Slovakian Republic. From the already processeded data are compared to the economic situation that was before and after joining the eurozone. It also identifieds the reasons why the Czech Republic still doesnt have euro. The work even points to the possible impact on the Czech economy after the fulfillment of all convergence criteria.

This diploma thesis assesses the economic situation of Greece and its comparison with economic of the Czech Republic. Thesis analyses the development of macroeconomic indicators in Greece and Czech Republic and for better understanding, in selected countries of the European Union. In the theoretical part, thesis describes the individual indicators and provides information about how are the indicators measured. The analytical part deals with the Greece economy in comparison with economy of Czech Republic. The assessed period is from the year 2003 to 2015. For the comparative part of this diploma thesis, macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, inflation, unemployment, balance of trade, were used. For better view, comparison of both countries in particular indicator is followed by description of the situation for selected countries of European Union. In the final part of the thesis, a conclusion is assessed using results from individual subchapters. Thesis concludes similarities and differences between compared countries based on development of selected indicators and country ratings.