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The problem of this study was to evaluate the effects of participation in the Hilda Taba In-Service Education Program on teachers' self concept, attitude, and selected personality characteristics.

The present study focused on the educational and career experiences of four selected Swedish immigrant women at North Park College in Chicago from 1900-1920. There is a gap in the extant literature with regard to the Swedish immigrant women experiences, and this study attempted to shed some light on this fascinating topic.The study examined the lives of three selected Swedish immigrant women students at the College and their lives afterwards as missionaries in China. It also examined the life of Lena Sahlstrom, a faculty member at North Park College during the same period. The four women were exceptional individuals, each in her own way a pioneer. Hilma Johnson studied business for one year at North Park College before becoming the Covenant Church's first woman missionary to China in 1901, a commitment she maintained for 40 years. Hilda Rodberg was the first female graduate of the Swedish Covenant Hospital Nursing School in 1900, and she became a missionary in China for over thirty years. Victoria Welter was the first woman to graduate from North Park College's Seminary Department in 1903, after which she, too, left for China to serve as a missionary, where she married John Sjoquist, a medical missionary. Welter was the only one of the four to marry, and after the death of her husband in 1917 she returned to Chicago to complete her children's formal education.Caroline "Lena" Sahlstrom was the first female faculty member at North Park College. She was a teacher in the Primary Department and the Music Department, and she also served as the Dean of Women during part of her long tenure at North Park College. Her contributions to the school and the students were impressive, and she was a committed educator of her time.Each of the four women valued education and religion, and each was influenced in various ways by their experiences at North Park College. Hilma Johnson, Hilda Rodberg, and Victoria Welter chose professional careers as missionaries in China where they ministered to many people through teaching and health care. Influenced by her educational and religious background, Lena Sahlstrom chose to join the faculty at North Park College where her years of service and various roles impacted the lives of many students. While economic advancement was not a goal for any of the four, they all chose professional careers and lives of commitment that differed from the traditional roles filled by most women of their day. All four were role models who made a difference in many peoples lives.

Both economic and psychological research provides strong evidence that unemployment adversely affects a person's mental, emotional, and physical wellbeing, which in turn may impair his/her ability to regain employment. Studies also suggest a person's "psychological capital" (personality traits that influence the productivity of labour) may mediate (1) the impact of unemployment on wellbeing and facilitate re-employment. While the effects of unemployment have been well documented, the simultaneous relationship between wellbeing and labour market status and the influencing role of psychological capital have received much less attention, requiring further investigation. There is still concern in the literature that "the exact nature of the interrelationships between labour market experience and mental health remains unclear and complicated by questions over the direction of causality and heterogeneous impacts across individuals." (Dockery, 2006, p. 2) The purpose of this research is to explore the interrelationship between labour market status, wellbeing, and psychological capital in more detail. The thesis combines key concepts from various economic and psychological theories, each partially describing how labour market status, wellbeing, and psychological capital interact with each other. The validity of the integrated model is then tested by estimating structural equations for labour market status and wellbeing using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. The HILDA Survey is a broad social and economic survey that focuses on family and household formation, income and work. The survey contains economic, psychological, and demographic data with sound psychometric qualities for a large sample of working aged Australians that makes it well suited to this type of analysis. As well as the regression analyses, the results of a case study conducted with a group of jobseekers at an employment agency are also reported. The study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of personal development training for the unemployed (designed to improve psychological capital), and its subsequent influence on their ability to regain employment. While the research was halted before completion, some valuable insights were gleamed from the study, and these warrant discussion. Findings of the research indicate a simultaneous relationship exists between labour market status and wellbeing. Individuals with healthier wellbeing are more likely to be employed, and employment contributes to healthier wellbeing. The results also indicate psychological capital is an important variable influencing wellbeing, partially mediating the impact of unemployment on wellbeing. Employed individuals have significantly higher psychological capital than those who are unemployed or not in the labour force, or those who transition in and out of employment. Psychological capital appears to be a relatively stable, but somewhat malleable, personality construct that does not vary greatly for individuals experiencing changes in labour market status (LMS). People who develop poor psychological capital during youth may therefore be predisposed to a higher risk of being unemployed when they enter the labour market. The results suggest programs/policies that foster healthier wellbeing and psychological capital during youth, or repair damaged psychological capital once in the labour market, could help lower unemployment or the duration of unemployment. Recent Australian government policy initiatives designed to improve labour force participation and productivity by enhancing human capital are likely to be more effective if they also target psychological capital. The research also highlights shortcomings in mainstream economic theory, which are discussed along with the weaknesses of the study, and opportunities for further research. (1) A mediator effect (or indirect effect) involves one or more "intervening variables" transmitting some or all of the causal effects of prior variables (e.g. unemployment) onto subsequent variables (e.g. wellbeing). See: Byrne, 2001).

Australian women’s participation in paid work has been and continues to be strongly influenced by gendered patterns of parental care. This thesis examines how children structure another dimension of economic stratification in Australia, hourly wages. Previous studies from the United States and Great Britain show women who care for children have lower wages than their childless counterparts and that this motherhood gap in pay is partly explained by mothers’ interruptions to employment and movement into part-time jobs. Outside the US and Britain fewer studies of the motherhood gap in pay have been undertaken. Compared to these two countries, Australia has lower maternal employment rates and higher rates of part-time work. These features may increase wage disparities between mothers and childless women in the Australian labour market. Australia, unlike Britain and the United States, has a history of centralised wage regulation, leading to a comparatively narrower wage distribution and a higher minimum wage. These institutional features may offer protection against downward wage mobility. This thesis investigates how motherhood influences the hourly wages of Australian women using panel data. Previous Australian research has documented static wage disparities, relying on cross-sectional data. My analysis draws on the first six waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey (2001-2006), a large, nationally representative panel survey. The thesis is comprised of three studies. First, I investigate the overall motherhood gap in pay in Australia in 2001. In aggregate, the mean wage of women with children is equal to that of childless women. After imputing a potential wage for mothers who are not employed, I show that the overall motherhood gap in pay would be considerably wider in Australia were fewer mothers to exit the labour force. This is because mothers without tertiary qualifications are less likely to be employed than mothers with a certificate, diploma or degree. Second, I use the panel design of HILDA to estimate female wage equations using fixed-effects regression. Controlling for differences in observed human capital, part-time work and unobserved heterogeneity, I find each child lowers wages by 6%. The analysis also reveals that mothers’ propensity to work part-time does not explain any of the Australian motherhood gap in pay. After incorporating detailed controls for time-varying job characteristics, I find that part-time wages are 14% higher than full-time wages. On average, the pay premium for part-time work more than offsets the pay penalty associated with one or two children. Third, I narrow my focus to Australian women experiencing a birth between 2001 and 2006, assessing whether the wage premium for part-time work extends to transitions at this point in the lifecourse. I investigate patterns of wage growth among mothers returning to employment within 3 years of a birth. My results reveal that Australian mothers who transition from full-time to part-time hours have significantly higher wage growth than mothers who remain in full-time employment. Taken together, my results suggest women’s part-time employment has a distinctive form in Australia. I find no evidence Australian mothers’ part-time employment constitutes a low-paid segment of the labour force. Isolating a causal explanation for the comparatively high wages of Australian women’s part-time employment is difficult, though two factors are likely to be important. First, Australian mothers’ participation in part-time employment rapidly increased during the 1970s and 1980s, a period when wages were largely regulated through collective agreements. Although wage determination has become more deregulated since the mid-1980s, the principle that part-time employees should receive pro rata wages does not appear to have been contested by Australian employers. This could be because demand for labour in feminised industries has remained strong. Second, decisions to remain attached to employment around childbirth could possibly be structured by the availability of part-time work. Rather than transition into a lower waged part-time job, Australian mothers may exit the labour force drawing on supports for stay-at-home mothers in the Australian family payment and taxation system. In the longer term, mothers who continue in part-time work may have fewer opportunities for upward mobility and flatter wage trajectories. As additional waves of HILDA become available, such divergences in wage trajectories will be able to be empirically investigated. This study examines female wages in a period of strong economic growth and low unemployment. Part-time employment may not be positively associated with wages in a macroeconomic context of lower demand for labour and rising unemployment. An interesting avenue for future research would be to compare how transitions into part-time work influence female wages across periods of strong and weak labour market growth.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2007. / Title from title screen (viewed February 23, 2010) Degree awarded 2007; thesis submitted 2006. Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of English, School of English, Art Histoty, Film and Media, Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

Thesis (M.A.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, 2003. / Abstract. Thesis initially submitted in 2001; approved in 2003. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-104).

Thesis (M.A.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, Wheaton, IL, 2001. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-104).

Thesis (M.A.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, Wheaton, IL, 2001. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-104).

A tese propõe um encontro da trilogia pornográfica da escritora brasileira Hilda Hilst com o pesquisador, e decidiu-se pela forma do ensaio. A trilogia, composta pelos livros O Caderno Rosa de Lori Lamby (1990), Cartas de um Sedutor (1991) e Contos d’escárnio/Textos Grotescos (1992) apresentam uma mudança na trajetória da escritora, que anuncia na passagem para a escrita pornográfica, uma desistência da “literatura séria” e, por fim, entre os anos 1998 - 2004, a escritora assume um novo discurso: a desistência da literatura, quando declara publicamente: “não tenho mais nada a dizer”. Para investigar esses períodos, foi feita uma imersão nos arquivos pessoais da escritora, além da leitura das obras, seguindo a proposição de Didi-Huberman sobre as imagens: o regime da imagem e da imaginação é um local de luta política, principalmente aquelas imagens que portam memórias e têm um poder de transmitir algo de um tempo que se passou. O confronto de diferentes temporalidades se dá como uma estratégia de análise do material de arquivo, uma vez que a hipótese da tese é que, quando Hilda Hilst se “sente livre para fracassar”, acontece junto uma mudança de formato no uso do humor em sua literatura. Através de ferramentas teóricas do campo da psicanálise, da arte, da literatura e da crítica, a pesquisa investiga as noções de erótico, pornográfico e obsceno que compõe o universo da escritora, junto dos seguintes eixos de análise: problematização de imagem, escrita, arquivo, sobrevivência e do realismo grotesco como estratégia para o risível. O método utilizado foi o ensaio, com o objetivo de desenvolver uma pesquisa poética no processo de trabalho. A escrita hilstiana desse período tem por objetivo acordar o leitor com um soco, e aqui, acabou por acertá-lo em cheio. Desse choque se operou uma queda no espaço e uma desestabilização. Diante desta literatura, a tese se constituiu como um percurso de investigação da queda, propondo “Os estudos da gravidade - oscilações entre o peso e a leveza”, como resultados da pesquisa poética. / The thesis proposes a meeting between the Hilda Hilst’s pornography trilogy and the researcher in the essay form. The trilogy is composed by the books “The Pink Book of Lori Lamby (1990)”, “Letters of a seductive (1991)” e “Mockery Short Story/Grotesque Writing (1992)” presenting a change in the author’s trajectory, which is announced in the route to the pornography writings, a called forsake of the “serious literature”, and lastly, between the years 1998 – 2004, the writer assumes a new speech; the forsake of literature, when she declares publicly: “I have nothing else to say”. To investigate these periods of time, an immersion work was made in the personal archives of the author, besides the reading of the author’s works, followed by the proposition of Didi- Huberman about the images: the image system of imagination is a place of political fight mainly in those images that carry memories and have the strength to transmit something of a lost time. The confrontation of different times is an analyses strategy of the archives material, once the thesis hypothesis is that when Hilda Hilst “feels free to fail” occurs together a change of the format in the use of humor in her literature. By the theoretical tools of the psychoanalyses field, the art, the literature and the critic, the research investigates the concepts of erotic, pornography and obscene, that composes the authors universe, along with the following analysis axes: questioning of image, writing, archive, survival and the grotesque realism as a strategy for the laughable. The method was the essay as an objective to develop a poetic research in the work progress. The hilstian writing of this period has as an objective wake up the reader with a punch, and here in this work has just hit her (the author Hilda) in the face. From this shock, a falling into the space and a destabilization operated. Thereby having in mind this literature, the thesis was built as a route in the investigation of fall, proposing The studies of gravity - fluctuation between the weight and lightness, as the results of this poetic research.